Prilocaine

220.31

220.31

211-957-0

40027

DTXSID7031955

C47685

Needles|WHITE

N01BB20|N01BB04|N - Nervous system

2924296000

41.1

2.1

Solid

1.0117 (rough estimate)

37-38 °C

159-162 °C @ Press: 1 Torr

134.3ºC

nD20 1.5298

6.169g/L(25 ºC)

ODORLESS

INITIALLY ACID & THEN BITTER TASTE

PKA 7.89

STABLE IN LIGHT & AIR

P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P501

H302

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

|Warning|H302 (98.53%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 68 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

In clinical trials with the amide local anesthetics, serum aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase elevations were rarely reported and were generally no more common than with placebo or comparator injections. Despite widespread use for many decades, the local amide anesthetics, when given as single or limited injections or infusions, have not been convincingly linked to instances of clinically apparent liver injury, and liver toxicity is not mentioned in product labels. Nevertheless, there have been several case series of jaundice arising a few days to as long as a month after use of bupivacaine given over several days as a constant infusion or as repeated injections into a localized area of pain. Some reports mentioned concurrent administration of an antibiotic such as cefazolin during the perioperative period, which might have accounted for the liver injury. However, in other reports, only bupivacaine was given. The liver injury was mixed or cholestatic and mild-to-moderate in severity, resolving within 1 to 2 months of onset without residual evidence of liver injury. In many instances, there was an accompanying low grade fever, rash or eosinophilia, suggesting a hypersensitivity reaction.

...MOUSE TRIALS INDICATE INCR TOXICITY WHEN COMBINED WITH TETRACAINE.|...PRILOCAINE...REPORTED TO INTERACT WITH SUCCINYLCHOLINE /RESULTING IN INCR IN INTENSITY & DURATION OF SUCCINYLCHOLINE-INDUCED NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE & RESP DEPRESSION; OTHER DEPOLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS (EG DECAMETHONIUM) & NONDEPOLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS (EG GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE & PANCURONIUM) MAY BEHAVE SIMILARLY/.|.../PRILOCAINE/ PRODUCED A SLIGHT INCR IN INTENSITY OF NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE /OF ALCURONIUM CHLORIDE/. ...MARKED DECR IN TIDAL VOL, INDICATING RESP DEPRESSION, WAS OBSERVED...|EPINEPHRINE PROLONGS THE EFFECT /OF PRILOCAINE/. /PRILOCAINE HCL/|For more Interactions (Complete) data for PRILOCAINE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

98%

Used as a local anaesthetic and is often used in dentistry.|Senstend is indicated for the treatment of primary premature ejaculation in adult men.|Treatment of primary premature ejaculation in adult men.|Premature ejaculation

The amide local anesthetics including lidocaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine are commonly used for pain control during minor surgery or invasive procedures such as biopsies, small excisions or dental work. These local anesthetics have not been linked to serum enzyme elevations, but when given as constant infusions or repeated injections have been occasionally mentioned as possible causes of clinically apparent liver injury.

Anesthetics, Local

Anesthetics, Local|AN AGENT CHEMICALLY SIMILAR TO LIDOCAINE & MEPIVACAINE USED FOR LOCAL & REGIONAL-BLOCK ANESTHESIA. IN ONSET OF ACTION & EFFECTIVENESS 1-3% SOLN... EQUIVALENT TO LIDOCAINE & MEPIVACAINE IN 1%-2% CONCN. ITS DURATION OF ACTION IS INTERMEDIATE TO SHORTER-ACTING LIDOCAINE & LONGER-ACTING MEPIVACAINE. /PRILOCAINE HCL/|PRILOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE ... HAS BEEN EMPLOYED ... FOR SPINAL ANESTHESIA. /PRILOCAINE HCL/|... ACT ON ANY PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM & ON EVERY TYPE OF NERVE FIBER. /LOCAL ANESTHETICS/|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for PRILOCAINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

AS WITH OTHER LOCAL ANESTHETICS, PRILOCAINE HCL IS CONTRAINDICATED IN PRESENCE OF SHOCK, SEVERE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, OR HEART BLOCK. /PRILOCAINE HCL/|... SHOULD NOT BE ADMIN TO PT WITH IDIOPATHIC OR CONGENITAL METHEMOGLOBINEMIA, ANEMIA, OR CARDIAC OR VENTILATORY FAILURE WITH HYPOXIA; IT SHOULD BE USED WITH CAUTION FOR CONTINUOUS EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA SINCE THE METHEMOGLOBINEMIC EFFECT OF INDIVIDUAL DOSES IS ADDITIVE. /PRILOCAINE HCL/|IN PRESENCE OF HEMORRHAGE, SYMPATHETIC BLOCK PRODUCED BY EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA BECOMES EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT & MAY RESULT IN RAPID & DELETERIOUS CIRCULATORY CHANGES. /LOCAL ANESTHETICS/|TWO OUTSTANDING DANGERS /OF CAUDAL ANESTHESIA/ ARE (1) INTRODUCING NEEDLE INTO VENOUS PLEXUS LINING SACRAL CANAL, WITH RESULTANT INTRAVASCULAR INJECTION OF DRUG, & (2) PENETRATING DURA, WITH DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH LEVEL OF SPINAL ANESTHESIA. /LOCAL ANESTHETICS/|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for PRILOCAINE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Prilocaine binds to the intracellular surface of sodium channels which blocks the subsequent influx of sodium into the cell. Action potential propagation and never function is, therefore, prevented. This block is reversible and when the drug diffuses away from the cell, sodium channel function is restored and nerve propagation returns.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate. (See all compounds classified as Anesthetics, Local.)

Prilocaine is metabolized in both the liver and the kidney and excreted via the kidney.|/CONCERNING/ HYDROLYSIS OF AMIDE BOND OF PRILOCAINE... PLASMA CONCN OF R-(-)-ENANTIOMER WERE FOUND TO BE LOWER THAN THOSE OF THE S-(+)-ENANTIOMER AFTER IV ADMIN TO CAT. IN VITRO STUDIES USING LIVER PREPN FROM VARIOUS MAMMALS CONFIRMED THE R-(-)-ISOMER TO BE HYDROLYZED @ MUCH HIGHER RATES THAN THE S-(+) FORM...|THERE IS...MORE RAPID PRODN OF METHEMOGLOBINEMIA BY D-(-) FORM, CAUSED PRESUMABLY BY HIGHER BLOOD LEVELS OF HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT, O-TOLUIDINE.|PRILOCAINE FETAL/MATERNAL CONCN RATIO: 1.0 /FROM TABLE/|PRILOCAINE DOSE 0.2 G IV GAVE BLOOD CONCN 0.26 MG% @ 0.3 HR & 0.14 MG% @ 0.17 HR; DOSE 0.4 G IV GAVE BLOOD CONCN 0.15 MG% @ 0.12 HR & 0.08 MG% @ 0.33 HR; DOSE 0.4 G EPIDURAL BLOCK GAVE BLOOD CONCN 0.26 MG% @ 0.25 HR (PEAK); DOSE 0.4 G INTERCOSTAL BLOCK GAVE BLOOD CONCN 0.40 MG% @ 0.25 HR. /FROM TABLE/

The amide-linked local anesthetics are, in general, degraded by the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum, the initial reactions involving N-dealkylation and subsequent hydrolysis. However, with prilocaine, the initial step is hydrolytic, forming o-toluidine metabolites that can cause methemoglobinemia.|BIOTRANSFORMATION OF PRILOCAINE...IN RATS GAVE O-TOLUIDINE & N-PROPYLALANINE.

MEPIVACAINE-HCL (I-HCL) & PRILOCAINE-HCL (II-HCL) WERE INFUSED IV 250 MG INTO HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS. T/2 FOR I WAS GENERALLY LONGER THAN II; TOTAL BODY CLEARANCE II CONSISTENTLY GREATER THAN I. II CLEARANCE EXCEEDED NORMAL HEPATIC BLOOD FLOW: EXTRA-HEPATIC METAB SITE IS POSTULATED.

Prilocaine acts on sodium channels on the neuronal cell membrane, limiting the spread of seizure activity and reducing seizure propagation. The antiarrhythmic actions are mediated through effects on sodium channels in Purkinje fibers.|... BLOCK CONDUCTION IN NERVE PERHAPS BY COMPETING WITH CA @ SOME SITE THAT CONTROLS PERMEABILITY OF MEMBRANE ... CA IS ALSO INVOLVED IN ACTION OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS ON SMOOTH MUSCLE ... & ON ADRENAL MEDULLA ... /LOCAL ANESTHETICS/|... PREVENT THE GENERATION & THE CONDUCTION OF THE NERVE IMPULSE. THEIR PRIMARY SITE OF ACTION IS THE CELL MEMBRANE. ... BLOCK CONDUCTION BY DECREASING OR PREVENTING THE LARGE TRANSIENT INCREASE IN THE PERMEABILITY OF EXCITABLE MEMBRANES TO NA+ THAT NORMALLY IS PRODUCED BY A SLIGHT DEPOLARIZATION OF THE MEMBRANE. /LOCAL ANESTHETICS/|AS ANESTHETIC ACTION PROGRESSIVELY DEVELOPS IN A NERVE, THRESHOLD FOR ELECTRICAL EXCITABILITY INCR & SAFETY FACTOR FOR CONDUCTION DECR; WHEN THIS ACTION IS SUFFICIENTLY WELL-DEVELOPED, BLOCK OF CONDUCTION IS PRODUCED. /LOCAL ANESTHETICS/|.../2 POSSIBILITIES:/ ACHIEVE BLOCK BY INCR SURFACE PRESSURE OF LIPID LAYER THAT CONSTITUTES NERVE MEMBRANE...CLOSING PORES THROUGH WHICH IONS MOVE. ... /OR:/ AFFECT PERMEABILITY BY INCR DEGREE OF DISORDER OF MEMBRANE. /LOCAL ANESTHETICS/

ALTHOUGH METHEMOGLOBINEMIA IS READILY REVERSED BY THE IV ADMIN OF METHYLENE BLUE ... THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT MAY BE SHORT-LIVED BECAUSE METHYLENE BLUE MAY BE CLEARED BEFORE CONVERSION OF ALL THE METHEMOGLOBIN TO HEMOGLOBIN. /PRILOCAINE HCL/

Citanest

It has a pharmacological profile similar to that of lidocaine.

Human drugs -> Senstend -> EMA Drug Category|Anesthetics -> Human pharmacotherapeutic group|Human drugs -> Fortacin -> EMA Drug Category|Human Drugs -> EU pediatric investigation plans|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Pharmaceuticals