Vanadium oxytrichloride

173.30000

171.84500

231-780-2

2443

DTXSID7064784

Lemon-yellow liquid|Yellow liquid, emitting red fumes on exposure to air|Fuming red-yellow liquid

17.07000

1.94970

Vanadium oxytrichloride appears as a lemon yellow liquid. Boiling point 257-260°F (125-127°C). Corrosive to metals and tissue. Used as a catalyst.

1.829 g/cm³

-77 °C

126-127 °C

126-127°C

1.6300

decomposes in H2O to vanadic acid and HCl; soluble methanol, ether, acetone, acids [KIR83] [MER06]

Containers of vanadium shall be kept tightly closed at all times when not in use. Containers shall be stored in a safe manner to minimize accidental breakage, spillage, or contact with moisture. Combustible materials, such as finely ground vanadium carbide, vanadium aluminum alloys, vanadium metal, or ferrovanadium should be kept away from heat, sparks, or flames. /Vanadium compounds/

13.8 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

5.98 (Air = 1)

LD50 orally in rats: 0.14 g/kg (Smyth)

Sharp unpleasant odor

Decomposes in presence of moisture into vanadic acid and HCl. When a small quantity of water is added, it becomes thick and almost blood-red because of formation of vanadic acid.|Nonionizing solvent; dissolves most nonmetals; dissolves and/or reacts with many organic compounds; hydrolyzes in moisture|Readily hydrolyzes and forms coordination compounds with simple donor molecules, e.g., ethers, but is reduced by reaction with sulfur-containing ligands and molecules; dissolves sulfur|Enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K: -734.7 kJ/mol (liquid); -695.6 kJ/mol (gas); molar heat capacity at 298.15 K: 89.9 J/mol K|Fumes in air. Reacts with moist air to form vanadic acid and hydrochloric acid fumes. Reacts exothermically with water to generate acidic fumes and acidic solutions. Violently hygroscopic.

Fumes in air. Reacts with moist air to form vanadic acid and hydrochloric acid fumes [Von Schwartz 1918. p.321]. Reacts exothermically with water to generate acidic fumes and acidic solutions. Violently hygroscopic.

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Water-Reactive

VANADIUM OXYTRICHLORIDE is incompatible with bases, including amines, with strong oxidizing agents, and with alcohols. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291]. Combination with sodium metal led to a violent explosion [Bretherick 5th ed., 1995].

In presence of moisture will corrode most metals

Enthalpy of vaporization = 36.78 kJ/mol at 127 °C

Critical temperature: 636 deg K (measured); critical pressure: 3740 kPa (estimated)

II

8

UN 2443 8/PG 2

3

R14;R25;R34

S26-S27-S28-S36/37/39-S45

YW2975000

T:Toxic;

Emitting red fumes on exposure to moist air. Decomposes in presence of moisture into vanadic acid and hydrochloric acid. When a small quantity of water is added, it becomes thick and almost blood-red because of formation of vanadic acid.

P280-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P310

H301-H314

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|Waste material contaminated with vanadium shall be disposed of in a manner not hazardous to employees. The disposal method must conform with applicable local, state, and federal regulations and must not constitute a hazard to the surrounding population or environment. /Vanadium/|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for vanadium: Concentration process: chemical precipitation. /Vanadium/

To purify the chloride oxide with sodium, too rapid addition of the metal led to a violent explosion.|Interaction with rubidium is violent at 60 °C.|Materials to Avoid: acids, alcohols, amines, bases; Reacts violently with water.|Reacts /with water/ to form a solution of hydrochloric acid.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for VANADIUM OXYTRICHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating fumes of hydrogen chloride may form in fires. (USCG, 1999)|Corrosives, Reactive - 2nd degree

|Danger|H301 (96.91%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 102 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P310, P321, P330, P405, and P501|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P314, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Acid vapor mask; rubber gloves; face shield; acid-resistant clothing (USCG, 1999)|Respiratory: Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.|Hand: Long rubber or neoprene gauntlet gloves.|Eye: Chemical safety goggles.|Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for VANADIUM OXYTRICHLORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Entinguishing media: Suitable: Carbon dioxide. Dry chemical powder. Unsuitable: Do not use water.|Firefighting: Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes.|If material involved in fire: Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Water, unless in flooding amounts, should not be used on adjacent fires.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Procedure to be followed in case of leak or spill: Evacuate area. Procedure(s) of personal precaution(s): Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber boots, and heavy rubber gloves. Methods for cleaning up: Cover with dry lime or soda ash, pick up, keep in a closed container, and hold for waste disposal. Ventilate area and wash spill site after material pickup is complete.|Neutralizing agents for acids and caustics: Flush with water and ... rinse with dilute solution of sodium bicarbonate ...|Neutralizing agents for acids and caustics: Flush with water and rinse with dilute solution of sodium bicarbonate.|Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./|Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. /Vanadium compound, N.O.S./

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Procedure to be followed in case of leak or spill: Evacuate area. Procedure(s) of personal precaution(s): Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber boots, and heavy rubber gloves.|User Exposure: Do not breathe vapor. Avoid all contact.|Engineering Controls: Use only in a chemical fume hood. Safety shower and eye bath.|If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock down vapors. Do not use water on material itself. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for VANADIUM OXYTRICHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form.|/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Health: CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|/GUIDE 137 SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for VANADIUM OXYTRICHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Vanadium oxytrichloride is included on the dangerous goods list.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Vanadium oxytrichloride is included on the dangerous goods list.

Vanadium compounds act chiefly as an irritant to the conjunctiva and respiratory tract. /Vanadium compounds/|... Extensive evidence exists that vanadium dust (usually the pentoxide) is severely irritating to the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract. /Vanadium dust/|Vanadium is a primary irritant to the ... skin. /Vanadium/|Potential symptoms of overexposure to dust or fumes are irritation of eyes, skin, throat ... . /Vanadium dust and fumes/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Minute Ceiling value: 0.05 mg V/cu m. /Vanadium dust; The REL applies to all vanadium compounds except vanadium metal and vanadium carbide./

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of vanadium oxytrichloride stem from its irritant properties. Exposure to this sharp unpleasant-smelling, yellow liquid may occur from its use as a catalyst in olefin polymerization (ethylene-propylene rubber), organovanadium syntheses, or as a mordant in dyeing. Engineering controls should be employed to limit vanadium oxytrichloride exposure. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus, and protective clothing specifically recommended by the shipper or producer to prevent skin contact. If contact should occur, immediately flush exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes, and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Contaminated clothing and shoes should be removed and left at the work site for cleaning. While vanadium oxytrichloride does not ignite readily, it may burn with the formation of irritating fumes of hydrogen chloride. Also, vanadium oxytrichloride's heavier-than-air vapor may reach poisonous or flammable concentrations if allowed to accumulate in confined spaces. Because of its dangerous reactivity with water, fires involving vanadium oxytrichloride should be extinguished with dry chemical, CO2, or Halon. If water must be used (e.g., with large fires), flood the fire area from a distance, knocking down vapor with water spray, but taking care not to direct a stream of water on the material itself. Dike fire-fighting runoff water to prevent vanadium oxytrichloride from entering water sources and sewers. Vanadium oxytrichloride should be stored in tightly closed containers away from moisture, heat, sparks, flames, and combustible materials (e.g., oil, wood, or paper). Vanadium oxytrichloride may be shipped via air (cargo only), road, and water, in containers bearing the label, "Corrosive." For spills of vanadium oxytrichloride, first evacuate the area for at least 50 feet in all directions. Large spills on land should be contained in excavated pits or other holding areas that are diked, if necessary to prevent runoff. Neutralize the spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. Ultimate disposal of vanadium oxytrichloride must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

D003; A waste containing vanadium oxytrichloride may (or may not) be characterized a hazardous waste following testing for the reactivity characteristics as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.

D003; A solid waste containing vanadium oxytrichloride may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Vanadium oxytrichloride is lemon-yellow liquid. It is used as catalyst in olefin polymerization, (ethylene-propylene rubber) and organovanadium synthesis. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Genotoxic effects were not found for vanadyl chloride at a concentration of 5X10-5 M on human peripheral white blood cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: The influence of vanadium oxytrichloride on drug action in male rats was investigated. Following the addition of vanadyl trichloride (2.5X10-6 to 2.5X10-3 M) to rat liver supernatant fractions, significant inhibition of drug metabolism was evident only at concn greater than 2.5X10-4 M. Following in vivo vanadium admin (2 mg vanadium/kg, ip, for 2 days), duration of pentobarbital hypnosis measured 48 hr later was not significantly prolonged.

The influence of vanadium oxytrichloride on drug action in male rats was investigated. Following the addition of vanadyl trichloride (2.5X10-6 to 2.5X10-3 M) to rat liver supernatant fractions, significant inhibition of drug metabolism was evident only at concn greater than 2.5X10-4 M. Following in vivo vanadium admin (2 mg vanadium/kg, ip, for 2 days), duration of pentobarbital hypnosis measured 48 hr later was not significantly prolonged.

LD50 Rat oral 140 mg/kg

When manipulate in the laboratory and exposed to humidity of air, vanadium oxytrichloride decomposes instantaneously following the reaction: 2 VOCL3 + 3 H2O => V2O5 + 6 HCl(1). Vanadium oxytrichloride vapor absorbs at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of vanadium oxytrichloride in the United States may be as low as <10 workers and as high as 25-49 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|Occupational exposure to vanadium oxytrichloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where vanadium oxytrichloride is produced or used(1).

... /A study was/ performed in rats ... to determine the ... distribution /of vanadium/ in organs and subcellular particles ... /but it has/ the shortcomings resulting from observations made after a single administration ... . The chief ... information ... relates to distribution of (48)vanadium as the pentavalent vanadium oxytrichloride in subcellular fractions of the liver; although supernatant contained 57% of the isotope 10 min after administration with the remainder equally divided among the microsomal, mitochondrial, and nuclear fractions, at 8 days (48)vanadium had migrated mainly into the nuclear fractions and mitochondria about equally to the total extent of 80%, with the isotope now being equally distributed between microsomes and supernatant of 10% each.|(48)Vanadium oxytrichloride was administered intratracheally to juvenile male Wistar rats. All major tissues were analyzed for (48)vanadium content. Over half was removed from lung within 15 min of exposure, vanadium isotope translocated to all organs except brain. The peak uptake for most organs occurred between 4 and 24 hr after injection with kidney maintaining largest fraction. Bones accumulated large fractions, testes small fraction. Excretion occurred by urine and fecal routes. Three percent of the burden remained after 63 days.|Male Wistar rats were given vanadyl trichloride (48VOCl3) ip in doses of V ranging from 0.1 to 8 mg/kg and their tissues were collected 1 and 5 d after the injection. V was distributed in the order bone greater then kidney greater then liver greater than spleen greater than intestines greater than stomach greater than muscle greater than testis greater than lung greater than brain. Residues of V in tissues declined rapidly between 24 hr and 5 d after administration. The tissue:blood ratios of V were greater than unity for bone, kidney, liver, and spleen and near unity for all other organs except the brain. Brain levels of V were found to be considerably lower than blood in all cases. V residues were linearly related to dose in most organs when the dose was below 2 mg/kg. At 8 mg/kg, however, liver and kidney showed consistently higher amounts than would be expected from the linear relationship at the low doses. Subcellular distribution of V in liver and kidney indicated that it was associated with nuclei, mitochondria, microsomes, and primarily with high-molecular-weight proteins in the soluble fraction of liver. The results suggest that the distribution pattern of V is dependent on exposure level.|The distribution of vanadium among the tissues of the body studied using intravenously injected V(3+), intratracheally injected vanadium chloride or vanadium oxytrichloride, and oral doses of vanadyl sulfate or orthovanadate. The relative levels of V in organs and tissues differed according to the route of administration; however, differences in the distribution of different compounds administered by the same route were small, indicating that the vanadium may be converted to a common oxidation state in vivo. ... Rats injected with V(5+) later contained V(4+) in their tissues. In general, kidney, liver, and bone accumulated the highest levels of vanadium. The tissues that retained vanadium the longest were bone, kidney, testicle, and lung. Reported preliminary results for vanadium levels in fluids and hard tissues from humans. Vanadium appears to concentrate in bone and hair.

Within tissues in organisms, V3+ and V4+ predominate because of largely reducing conditions; in plasma, however, which is high in oxygen, V5+ is formed.

Inhalation of vapor causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes or skin causes severe irritation. (USCG, 1999)

Consult a physician after all exposures to this compound. INHALATION: move to fresh air; give artificial respiration if necessary. INGESTION: give large amount of water. EYES: flush with water for 15 min. SKIN: wipe exposed areas free of the chemical with a dry cloth, then flush thoroughly with water. (USCG, 1999)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|For advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepan (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/GENOTOXICITY/ ... Genotoxic effects /were not found for/ vanadyl chloride at a concentration of 5X10-5 M on human peripheral white blood cells.

trichlorooxo vanadium

Technical, 99%.

Synthetic rubber manufacturing|Vanadium, trichlorooxo-, (T-4)-: ACTIVE|By USA industrial usage VO(2+) is vanadyl, but this leads to ambiguity for vanadium oxydichloride and vanadium oxytrichloride. Ambiguity is avoided by referring to these forms as vanadium oxydichloride and vanadium oxytrichloride. The terms vanadite and hypovanadate are also applied to these oxy salts.|Under environmental conditions, vanadium may exist in oxidation states +3, +4, and +5. V3+ and V4+ act as cations, but V5+, the most common form in the aquatic environment, reacts both as a cation and anionically as an analogue of phosphate. /Vanadium ions/

Fire Hazards -> Corrosives, Reactive - 2nd degree