Ammonium persulfate

228.20200

227.97200

231-786-5

22QF6L357F

0632

1444

DTXSID9029691

Platelike or prismatic (monoclinic) crystals, or white granular powder|Colorless, white monoclinic crystals

2833400000

150.44000

1.34960

Ammonium persulfate appears as a white crystalline solid. A strong oxidizing agent. Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials. Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative.

1.9 g/cm³

120ºC

1.5

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 58.2

Store at RT.

7.9 (vs air)

LD50 orally in rats: 820 mg/kg (Smyth)

Odorless

Strong oxidizer|Aqueous solution is acid and decomposes slowly at room temperature and rapidly at higher temperatures evolving O2 and forming NH4HSO4|Decomposes in water forming O2|When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx, NH3 and NOx.

Soluble in water.

Salts, Acidic

Strong Oxidizing Agent

AMMONIUM PERSULFATE is a potent oxidizing agent. A powdered mixture with aluminum and water can explode [NFPA 491M 1991]. A mixture with sodium peroxide will explode if subjected to friction (crushing in a mortar), heating, or if a stream of carbon dioxide is passed over it [Mellor 10:464 1946-47]. Acidic solutions dissolve iron violently, [Mellor, 1947, Vol. 10, 470].

III

5.1

UN 1444

1

R22; R36/37/38; R42/43; R8

S22-S24-S26-S37

SE0350000

Xn

Dry. Well closed. Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents, powdered metals and strong bases.

Stable. Oxidizing. May ignite combustible material. Incompatible with bases, combustible material, hydrogen peroxide, peroxy compounds, silver compounds, zinc. May decompose upon exposure to water or moist air.

P220-P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P342 + P311

H272-H302-H315-H317-H319-H334-H335

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

A mixutre of ammonium persulfate and sodium peroxide will explode if subjected to crushing (in a mortar), heating, or if a stream of carbon dioxide is passed over it.|Comstibles, sodium peroxide, aluminum, water|Violent reaction with iron or solutions of ammonia + silver salts.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen and sulfuric acid fumes may form in fire. Behavior in Fire: Decomposes with loss of oxygen that increases intensity of fire (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with combustible substances or reducing agents.|Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H272: May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|P210, P220, P221, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P285, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H272 (100%): May intensify fire; oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquids; Oxidizing solids]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1750 companies from 34 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P210, P220, P221, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P285, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P312, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P210, P220, P221, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P285, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P312, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]: Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Following product recovery, flush area with water. (ERG, 2016)

U.S. Bu. Mines approved toxic dust mask; chemical goggles; rubber gloves; neoprene-coated shoes (USCG, 1999)|Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles.

Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.

If material involved in fire: Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.

Exposure can irritate the skin, eyes, nose, throat adn lungs. Exposure may cause an allergy like reaction, with eye tearing, nose congestion, asthma like wheezing and difficulty in breathing. Life threatening shock may result.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then wash away with plenty of water. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Dry. Well closed. Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents, powdered metals and strong bases.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly on spraying or when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of dust may cause asthma-like reactions.

Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. May cause a general allergic reaction, such as urticaria or shock.

NO contact with combustible substances.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.

Ammonium persulphate (APS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are used as oxidants in many industrial processes and are the main constituents of standard hair bleaching products. In a previous study, it was demonstrated that aerosols of APS induce alterations in airway responsiveness. The present study examined whether exposure for 4 hr to a hair bleach composition (containing APS, potassium persulphate and H2O2) or H2O2 could induce airway hyperresponsiveness and/or an obstructive ventilation pattern in a rabbit model. Exposure to the aerosols altered neither baseline airway resistance, dynamic elastance, slope of inspiratory pressure generation nor arterial blood pressure and blood gas measurements. Similarly to APS, hair bleach aerosols containing > or =10.9 mg /per/ cu m persulphate (ammonium and potassium salt) in air and > or =1.36 mg /per/cu m H2O2 in air caused airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine after 4 hr of exposure. Aerosolized H2O2 (> or =37 mg /per/ cu m in air) did not influence airway responsiveness to acetylcholine. The results demonstrate that hair bleaching products containing persulphates dissolved in H2O2 cause airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine in rabbits.

LD50 Rat ip 226 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit iv 178 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation >2950 mg/cu m 4 hr|LD50 Rat dermal >2000 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Ammonium peroxydisulfate (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of ammonium peroxydisulfate is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 249,578 workers (81,412 of these are female) are potentially exposed to ammonium peroxydisulfate in the US(1).

Inhalation produces slight toxic effects. Contact with dust irritates eyes and causes skin rash. (USCG, 1999)

INHALATION: remove to fresh air. EYES: wash with water for 20 min.; call a physician. SKIN: wash with water. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ 12 of 49 professional hairdressers patch tested with ammonium persulphate gave positive reactions, in contrast to 1 of 118 patients who were not hairdressers. ... The rate of degradation of ammonium persulphate in petroleum and in aqueous solution was estimated, and found to be 24% in 6 months.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A cross sectional study was performed in 32 of 33 employees of a persulphate producing chemical plant. Eighteen of 23 workmen from the same plant with no exposure to persulphates were taken as controls. Also, information was collected from medical records of the seven subjects who had left the persulphate production for medical reasons since 1971. Data were recalled by a questionnaire, skin prick tests were performed with five environmental allergens, and ammonium and sodium persulphate (80 mg/mL). Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to the same environmental allergens as in the skin test, and total IgE were measured. Lung function and bronchial responsiveness to histamine were assessed by standard procedures. Workplace concentrations of ammonium and sodium persulphate were estimated by area and personal monitoring. The amount of persulphate was analyzed as sulphur by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Work related rhinitis was reported by one subject with exposure to persulphates, conjunctivitis and bronchitis were reportedly related to work by two controls. There were no cutaneous reactions to persulphates in either group. Four non-atopic subjects exposed to persulphates, and two controls, one atopic and one non-atopic, were considered to be hyperresponsive to histamine. Three subjects exposed to persulphates with bronchial hyperresponsiveness (provocation dose of histamine causing a 15% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PD15 FEV1) < or = 1 mg) did not show variability in peak expiratory flow of > or = 20%, the rest refused peak flow measurements. None of the variables showed significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). Six of the ex- workers left because of work related contact dermatitis. Mean values for workplace concentrations of ammonium and sodium persulphate within the bagging plant were below 1 mg/cu m, and the maximal concentrations were 1.4 mg/cu m and 3.6 mg/cu m, respectively. /persulphates/|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The relationships between asthma and rhinitis are still a crucial point in respiratory allergy and have scarcely been analyzed in occupational setting. /This study/ aimed to compare the clinical and inflammatory features of subjects with occupational asthma only (OA) to subjects with OA associated to occupational rhinitis (OAR) caused by persulphate salts. The clinical charts of 26 subjects diagnosed /with/ respiratory allergy caused by ammonium persulphate (AP), confirmed by specific inhalation challenge (SIC), were reviewed. Twenty-two out of twenty-six patients underwent pre-SIC-induced sputum challenge test (IS) and 24/26 underwent nasal secretion collection and processing. Twelve out of twenty-six patients received a diagnosis of OA-only and 14/26 of OAR. Duration of exposure before diagnosis, latency period between the beginning of exposure and asthma symptom onset, basal FEV(1), airway reactivity to methacholine and asthma severity did not differ in the two groups. Eosinophilic inflammation of upper and lower airways characterized both groups. Eosinophil percentage in IS tended to be higher in OAR [11.9 (5.575-13.925)%] than in OA-only [2.95 (0.225-12.5)%] (P = 0.31). Eosinophilia in nasal secretions was present both in subjects with OAR [55 (46-71)%] and in subjects with OA-only [38 (15-73.5)%], without any significant difference. /This/ result indicates that OA because of ammonium persulphate coexists with occupational rhinitis in half of the patients. Unexpectedly, rhinitis did not seem to have an impact on the natural history of asthma. The finding of nasal inflammation in subjects with OA-only without clinical manifestations of rhinitis supports the united airway disease concept in occupational respiratory allergy as a result of persulphates.|/CASE REPORTS/ ... A 24-year-old woman ... acquired dermatitis following contact with bleaching substances while working as a hairdresser. After changing her profession, the dermatitis disappeared. Following the private use of a hairdressing bleach containing ammonium persulphate, she suffered a severe anaphylactic reaction with unconsciousness. The patient also developed an anaphylactic reaction three hours following patch testing with the hairdresser battery. The rub test with ammonium persulphate (2.5%) in a 1:100 solution was positive.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Ammonium peroxydisulfate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ammonium peroxydisulfate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. Wheezing. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Burning sensation. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Peroxydisulfuric acid ([(HO)S(O)2]2O2), ammonium salt (1:2): ACTIVE

Peroxodisulfate is determined by titration with access of iron (II) sulfate solution and back titration with potassium permanganate. /Perxoxdisulfate/

Food Additives -> FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Fire Hazards -> Reactive - 1st degree|Cosmetics -> Bleaching

Food Additives -> FLOUR_TREATMENT_AGENT;