Titanium

47.87

47.94790

241-036-9

D1JT611TNE

2546|1352|2878

DTXSID3047764

C95189

Dark gray lustrous metal, hexagonal below 882.5 °C, cubic above

81089020

0

0.00000

Silver-gray wire

4.506 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

1668 °C

3287 °C

0°C

Insoluble in water.

1.0X10-79 atm @ 25 deg C

Inflammable in case of fire, high temperature and oxidant

RESIDUE FROM REACTION OF TITANIUM WITH RED FUMING NITRIC ACID EXPLODED VIOLENTLY WHEN FLASK WAS TOUCHED. LIQUID OXYGEN GIVES DETONABLE MIXTURE WHEN COMBINED WITH POWDERED TITANIUM. WHEN ... HEATED WITH POTASSIUM CHLORATE, POTASSIUM NITRATE OR POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE AN EXPLOSION OCCURS.

Brittle when cold, malleable when hot, ductile only when free of oxygen; combines with nitrogen @ 800 °C|Decomp steam @ 700-800 °C; attacked by acids only on heating; combines with oxygen @ red heat; specific heat: 5.98 cal/g-atom at 25 °C; oxidized by nitric acid|ATOMIC NUMBER: 22; ATOMIC RADIUS: 1.36 A; ORBITAL ELECTRONS: (AR) 3D2-4S2; IONIC CRYSTAL RADII: 0.90 A (+2); 0.68 A (+4); ELECTRONEGATIVITY (PAULING SCALE): 1.5|Reacts with fluorine @ 150 °C, with chlorine @ 300 °C, with bromine @ 360 °C, with iodine above 360 °C|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for TITANIUM (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Highly flammable. Pyrophoric in dust form [Bretherick 1979, p. 104]. Titanium is water-reactive at 700C, releasing hydrogen, which may cause an explosion [Subref: Mellor, 1941, vol. 7, 19].|Highly flammable Pyrophoric in dust form [Bretherick 1979, p. 104]. Titanium is water-reactive at 700C, releasing hydrogen, which may cause an explosion [Subref: Mellor, 1941, vol. 7, 19].|Highly flammable. Pyrophoric in dust form [Bretherick 1979, p. 104]. Insoluble in water. Titanium is water-reactive at 700C, releasing hydrogen, which may cause an explosion [Subref: Mellor, 1941, vol. 7, 19].

Metals, Elemental and Powder, Active

Strong Reducing Agent|Highly Flammable

TITANIUM reacts violently with cupric oxide and lead oxide when heated. When titanium is heated with potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or potassium permanganate, an explosion occurs [Mellor 7:20. 1946-47]. The residue from the reaction of titanium with red fuming nitric acid exploded violently when the flask was touched [Allison 1969]. Liquid oxygen gives a detonable mixture when combined with powdered titanium, [Kirchenbaum 1956].|TITANIUM is a reducing agent. Powdering increases its reactivity. Wetting reduces the reactivity of the powder. Titanium reacts violently with cupric oxide and lead oxide when heated. When titanium is heated with potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, or potassium permanganate, an explosion occurs [Mellor 7:20. 1946-47]. The residue from the reaction of titanium with red fuming nitric acid exploded violently when the flask was touched [Allison 1969]. Liquid oxygen gives a detonable mixture when combined with powdered titanium, [Kirchenbaum 1956].

1200 °C FOR SOLID METAL IN AIR; 250 °C FOR POWDER

9.83X10+6 J/kg

III

4.2

UN 2878 4.1/PG 3

3

20/21/22-11-17-36/38

16-36/37/39-33-27-26-6-43

XR1700000

F,Xi

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidant

When burning, it can be explosive with water

Stable. Dust is thought to be spontaneously flammable, and may form an explosive mixture with air. Flammable solid. Incompatible with mineral acids, halogens, carbon dioxide, strong oxidizing agents.

P222-P231-P422

H250

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Interaction with copper(II) oxide or lead(II, IV) oxide is violent.|... Reacts violently with /bromine trifluoride, copper oxide, lead oxide, (nickel + potassium chlorate)/, metaloxy salts, halocarbons, halogens, /carbon dioxide/, metal carbonates, /aluminum/, water, /silver fluoride, oxygen/, nitryl fluoride, /nitric acid, potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, potassium manganate/, steam @ 704 °C, trichloroethylene, trichlorotrifluoroethane.|Most finely divided forms of titanium are flammable in air.|Titanium burns in carbon dioxide above 550 °C.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for TITANIUM (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

BERLIN M; US ENVIRON PROT AGENCY, OFF RES DEV, (REP) EPA; EPA-600/1-77-022, TOXICOL MET VOL 2; PB-268 324, 427 (1977). REVIEW OF TITANIUM TOXICOLOGY.|WHO; Environ Health Criteria: Titanium (1982)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: May react violently or explosively on contact with water. Some are transported in flammable liquids. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some of these materials will burn with intense heat. Dusts or fumes may form explosive mixtures in air. Containers may explode when heated. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H228 (32%): Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]|P210, P222, P223, P231+P232, P240, P241, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P334, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P335+P334, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P402+P404, P403+P233, P405, P422, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 728 companies from 18 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H228: Flammable solid [Danger Flammable solids]|P210, P222, P235+P410, P240, P241, P280, P302+P334, P370+P378, P407, P413, P420, and P422

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 50 meters (160 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. SMALL SPILL: EXCEPTION: For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal. CAUTION: UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors. Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|WORKERS SHOULD ALSO WEAR PERSONAL & RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WHERE NECESSARY.

The dust may ignite spontaneously in air. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction. Titanium can burn in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or air.|TITANIUM BURNS VIGOROUSLY IN FREE NITROGEN ABOVE 802 °C. ... @ RED HEAT, 704 °C, DECOMPOSES STEAM. HYDROGEN EVOLVED BURNS OR EXPLODES. ... MIXTURE OF TITANIUM POWDER WITH TRICHLOROETHYLENE OR WITH TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE WILL FLASH OR SPARK ON HEAVY IMPACT.|MOST FINELY DIVIDED FORMS OF TITANIUM ARE FLAMMABLE IN AIR. ... IGNITED WHEN GLASS CONTAINER OF POWDER WAS THROWN @ WALL WITH FORCE SUFFICIENT TO BREAK CONTAINER. POWDERED ... TITANIUM ... ALL REACT WITH BROMINE TRIFLUORIDE, PRODUCING INCANDESCENCE. TITANIUM BURNS IN CARBON DIOXIDE ABOVE 550 °C.|WHEN TITANIUM IS FRACTURED IN LIQUID FLUORINE ATMOSPHERE IT IGNITES. WITH CATALYSTS, TITANIUM HAS IGNITED IN GASEOUS FLUORINE @ -113 °F.

APPLICATION OF WATER TO BURNING TITANIUM CAN CAUSE EXPLOSION.|FINELY DIVIDED TITANIUM DUST & POWDERS, LIKE MOST METAL POWDERS ARE POTENTIAL EXPLOSION HAZARDS WHEN EXPOSED TO SPARKS, OPEN FLAME OR HIGH HEAT SOURCES.|MIXTURES CONTAINING POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE WITH NICKEL & TITANIUM POWDERS & INFUSORIAL EARTH GAVE SEVERE EXPLOSIONS DURING FRICTION TEST.|RESIDUE FROM REACTION OF TITANIUM WITH RED FUMING NITRIC ACID EXPLODED VIOLENTLY WHEN FLASK WAS TOUCHED. LIQUID OXYGEN GIVES DETONABLE MIXTURE WHEN COMBINED WITH POWDERED TITANIUM. WHEN ... HEATED WITH POTASSIUM CHLORATE, POTASSIUM NITRATE OR POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE AN EXPLOSION OCCURS.

ORDINARY EXTINGUISHERS ARE OFTEN INEFFECTIVE AGAINST TITANIUM FIRES. SUCH FIRES REQUIRE SPECIAL EXTINGUISHERS DESIGNED FOR METAL FIRES. IN AIRTIGHT ENCLOSURES TITANIUM FIRES CAN BE CONTROLLED BY THE USE OF ARGON OR HELIUM. TITANIUM, IN THE ABSENCE OF MOISTURE, BURNS SLOWLY, BUT EVOLVES MUCH HEAT.|DO NOT USE WATER OR CARBON DIOXIDE TO EXTINGUISH.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use graphite, soda ash, powdered sodium chloride, or suitable dry powder. /Titanium powder, wetted/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not use water. Use graphite, soda ash, powdered sodium chloride, or suitable dry powder. /Titanium powder, dry/

ADEQUATE VENTILATION & LUBRICATION SHOULD BE PROVIDED DURING SAWING, GRINDING & POLISHING OF TITANIUM METAL.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep material wet. /Titanium powder, dry/|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Keep material wet. /Titanium powder, wetted/|Personnel protection: ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Titanium powder, dry; titanium powder, wetted/

/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. /Titanium powder, dry/|/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Health: Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. /Titanium powder, dry/|/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Stay upwind. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Keep out of low areas. /Titanium powder, dry/|/GUIDE 135: SUBSTANCES - SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Titanium powder, dry/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for TITANIUM (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

... REPORT OF LUNG CHANGES IN ANIMALS EXPOSED FOR 5 MO TO TITANIUM COMBINED WITH CARBON. CHANGES WERE SAID TO RESEMBLE SILICOSIS, LESIONS NOT FOUND IN ANIMALS EXPOSED FOR SEVERAL YR TO DUST OF ... CARBOLOY WHICH CONTAINS TITANIUM CARBON CMPD ... .

... EXPOSURE TO TITANIUM IS MAINLY ASSOC WITH METAL, DIOXIDE, CARBIDE, OR TETRACHLORIDE. EXPOSURE ... USUALLY IN FORM OF DUST BUT EXPOSURES TO FUMES & VAPORS OCCUR DURING HANDLING OF TITANIUM TETRACHLORIDE.

APPROX 3% OF ORAL DOSE OF TITANIUM IS ABSORBED. MAJORITY OF THAT ABSORBED IS EXCRETED IN URINE. NORMAL URINE CONCN HAS BEEN ESTIMATED @ 10 UG/L.|... CONCN OF 430, 1300 & 91 PPM IN ASHED LUNG TISSUE HAVE BEEN REPORTED ... NEWBORNS HAVE LITTLE TITANIUM. LUNG BURDENS TEND TO INCREASE WITH AGE.|... /INVESTIGATORS/ FOUND AMT /OF TITANIUM/ RANGING FROM 1.5-11 UG/100 G FRESH TISSUE ... IN ANIMALS & ... MAN. ... IN MAN, HIGHEST CONCN WAS PRESENT IN SPLEEN & ADRENALS (11 & 10 UG/100 G), FOLLOWED BY STRIATED MUSCLE (8.1 UG), LIVER ... (3.0 UG) & KIDNEYS ... (1.5 UG).|TITANIUM HAS ... BEEN FOUND IN INFANT KIDNEY & LUNG ... INDICATING A TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSFER.|Most ingested titanium is eliminated unabsorbed. In man, titanium is probably excreted with the urine at a rate of about 10 ug/l. However, high urinary losses of 0.41 and 0.46 mg/day (30-day mean), respectively, were reported in two adults ... . The mechanism of excretion and the possible amount of titanium excreted by the intestinal route are unknown.

IMPURITIES POTENTIALLY PRESENT IN TITANIUM SPONGE ASTM-B299, 69 AND ELECTROLYTIC ARE: NITROGEN, CARBON, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM, CHLORINE, IRON, SILICON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN AND OTHERS

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Inhalation of decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: Oxides from metallic fires are a severe health hazard. Inhalation or contact with substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 135 [Substances - Spontaneously Combustible]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)|Excerpt from ERG Guide 170 [Metals (Powders, Dusts, Shavings, Borings, Turnings, or Cuttings, etc.)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

/INVESTIGATOR/ ... STUDIED CASE OF CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE IN WORKER EXPOSED TO SEVERAL METALS ... TITANIUM WAS FOUND IN LUNG BIOPSY.|LACK OF TOXICITY ... BY CONTACT WITH SKIN & TISSUES HAS BEEN ... DEMONSTRATED BY ITS USE IN THERAPY OF SKIN DISORDERS & IN SURGICAL APPLIANCES.|Food is considered to be the principal source of titanium exposure for humans. The chemical and biological kinetics and metabolism of titanium are discussed. The only carcinogenic effects of titanium thus far reported have been the development of fibrosarcomas at the injection sites in exposed rats. There is no evidence that titanium is carcinogenic in humans. /It was concluded/ that the current extent of exposure to titanium of the general population does not pose a health risk.

Titanium

45% AS A METAL FOR MILITARY & SPACE USES; 35% AS A METAL FOR COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT USES; 20% AS A METAL FOR REACTION VESSELS, TITANIUM ANODES, HEAT EXCHANGER TUBING AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL USES (1973)|JET ENGINES AIRFRAMES, & SPACE AND MISSLE APPLICATIONS, 63%; CHEMICAL PROCESSING INDUSTRY, POWER GENERATION AND IN MARINE & ORDINANCE APPLICATIONS, 20%; STEEL AND OTHER ALLOYS, 17% (1985)|(2000) Aerospace applications (60%); armor, chemical processing, power generation, marine, medical, sporting goods, and other non aerospace applications (40%)

Grades: technical (powder); commercially pure (sheets, bars, tubes, rods, wire and sponge); single crystals.|THERE ARE 5 ASTM TITANIUM ALLOYS: GRADE 2, 99.5% TITANIUM; GRADE 3, 99.2% TITANIUM; GRADE 4, 99.0% TITANIUM; GRADE 5, TITANIUM-6 ALUMINUM-4V; GRADE 6, TITANIUM-5 ALUMINUM-2.5 TIN

Aerospace & Medical|Titanium: ACTIVE|Discovered by Gregor in 1789; investigated and named by Klaproth in 1795; isolated by Berzelius in 1825.|COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM BEGAN IN 1948.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 1st degree