Deuterium

4.028

4.02820

231-952-7

AR09D82C7G

1957

DTXSID2064810

COLORLESS GAS

0

0

Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen but it is chemically identical. It is a colorless, odorless gas. It is easily ignited. Once ignited it burns with a pale blue, almost invisible flame. The vapors are lighter than air. It is flammable over a wide range of vapor/air concentrations. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. It is not toxic but is a simple asphyxiate by the displacement of oxygen in the air.

0.2059 g/cm³ @ Temp: -269.0 °C

-254.43 deg C @ 128.5 mm Hg

-249.49 °C

SLIGHTLY SOL IN COLD WATER

Do not place cylinders where they may become part of an electric circuit.

17.14 kPa

LOWER: 5%; UPPER: 75% (% BY VOLUME)

Lower 5%; upper: 75%

Odorless

Stable, non-radioactive isotope of hydrogen|TRIPLE POINT PRESSURE: 0.17 ATM; HEAT OF FUSION: 12.0 CAL/G; HEAT OF VAPORIZATION: 68.4 CAL/G /O-DEUTERIUM/|Molar vol @ 20 K, 23.5 ml; heat of vaporization, 1226 J/mol; heat of fusion, 197 J/mol /Liquid normal D2 (67% ortho-D2)/|Thermal neutron absorption cross section: 0.0005 barns|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for DEUTERIUM (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Highly flammable.

Reducing Agents, Weak

Highly Flammable

Deuterium, like hydrogen, is a reducing agent; reacts readily with oxidizing agents.

1085 °F

LOWER: 5%; UPPER: 75% (% BY VOLUME)

Noncorrosive

1225 J/mol

Critical temperature: -234.75 °C; critical pressure: 16.432 atm

2.1

UN 1957 2.1

1

12

S9-S16-S33

F+

Stable. Extremely flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air.

P210-P410 + P403

H220-H280

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

... EXPLOSIVE WHEN MIXED WITH AIR, OXYGEN ... /HYDROGEN/|Release of hydrogen @ 47.5 bar into a vented 17.5-l chromium-plated sphere caused explosive ignition. /Hydrogen/|Hydrogen ignites in bromine fluoride at ambient temp. /Hydrogen/|Mixtures of iodine heptafluoride with hydrogen explode on heating or sparking. /Hydrogen/|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for DEUTERIUM (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. CAUTION: Hydrogen (UN1049), Deuterium (UN1957), Hydrogen, refrigerated liquid (UN1966) and Methane (UN1971) are lighter than air and will rise. Hydrogen and Deuterium fires are difficult to detect since they burn with an invisible flame. Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.) Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable - 4th degree

|Danger|H220 (100%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]|P210, P377, P381, P403, and P410+P403|Aggregated GHS information provided by 121 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 800 meters (1/2 mile). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. In fires involving Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) (UN1075); Butane, (UN1011); Butylene, (UN1012); Isobutylene, (UN1055); Propylene, (UN1077); Isobutane, (UN1969); and Propane, (UN1978), also refer to BLEVE - SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (ERG page 368). (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Prevent spreading of vapors through sewers, ventilation systems and confined areas. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. CAUTION: When in contact with refrigerated/cryogenic liquids, many materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids. (ERG, 2016)|Personnel protection: ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves and goggles.

Very dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks and oxidizers.

HIGHLY ... EXPLOSIVE.|Lower 5%; upper: 75%

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Approach fire with caution.

/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Fire or Explosion: EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE. Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Will form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. ... Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release flammable gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. /Deuterium; Deuterium, compressed/|/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Health: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. /Deuterium; Deuterium, compressed/|/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number. ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 100 meters (330 feet ) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Keep out of low areas. /Deuterium; Deuterium, compressed/|/GUIDE 115: GASES - FLAMMABLE (INCLUDING REFRIGERATED LIQUIDS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. Always wear thermal protective clothing when handling refrigerated/cryogenic liquids. /Deuterium; Deuterium, compressed/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for DEUTERIUM (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

| 0 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible materials.| 4 - Materials that rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normal ambient temperature or that are readily dispersed in air and burn readily.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Occurs in nature in all hydrogen-containing cmpd to the extent of about 0.0145 atom %.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning. Some may be irritating if inhaled at high concentrations. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. Clothing frozen to the skin should be thawed before being removed. In case of contact with liquefied gas, thaw frosted parts with lukewarm water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)

CONSIDERED NONTOXIC (EXCEPT FOR ITS ASPHYXIATING & FLAMMABLE PROPERTIES) AS USED IN LABORATORIES & NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS.

Deuterium

Grades: 98, 99.5 atom %.

Deuterium: ACTIVE|An isotope of hydrogen whose nucleus contains one neutron and one proton, and is therefore twice as heavy (atomic weight 2.014) as the nucleus of normal hydrogen.|If controlled thermonuclear fusions can be achieved, deuterium gas will become increasingly important.|Heavy water, D2O, is the most important cmpd of deuterium and the only form of deuterium produced ... on a large scale.|... The ortho form of deuterium is more stable than the para form at low temp, and at normal temp the ratio of ortho to para deuterium is 2:1 in contrast to the 3:1 ratio for hydrogen.|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for DEUTERIUM (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Measurement of the density of water by pycnometry is the classical method used. ... Very precise measurements can be made by this method, provided the sample is prepared free of suspended or dissolved impurities and the concn of oxygen-18 in water is about 0.2 mol %. However, in nearly all heavy water manufactured since 1950 in the United States, the concn of oxygen-18 in water is about 0.4 mol % ... With correction for oxygen-18, the sensitivity of the densimetric method is + or - 0.2% D2O but the accuracy is not better than 0.03% D2O because of an uncertainty of 30 ppm in the density of pure heavy water.|Mass spectrometric methods are used for both hydrogen gas and water. They are capable of determining directly the concn of different isotopic species in samples of H2O, HDO, and D2O, eg, by measuring the abundance of ions of mass 18 and 19 or mass 19 and 20. The principal limitation of the method is the contamination of the sample-introduction system with water vapor. This contamination causes significant memory effects on succeeding samples. To obtain accurate analyses it is necessary to use a comparative standard with an isotopic concn within 7% of that of the unknown. The precision of this method is 0.005-0.1 mol % over the range 0.05-15% and is 0.02 mol % in the range 99-100% D2O.|The isotope effect on the vibrational spectrum of D2O makes infrared spectrophotometry the method of choice for deuterium analysis. It is as rapid as mass spectrometry, does not suffer from memory effects, and requires only ordinary laboratory equipment. Measurement at either the O-H fundamental vibration at 2.94 um (O-H) or 3.82 um (O-D) can be used. This method is equally applicable to low concn of D2O in H2O, or the reverse. Absorption in the near infrared can also be used and this procedure is particularly useful, as it can be carried out in a conventional spectrophotometer.|Gas chromatography is a well recognized method for the analysis of H D-T mixture. The substrate is alumina, coated with ferric oxide. Neon is used as the carrier gas.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 4th degree