Sodium tellurite

221.577

223.87100

233-268-4

0BB57LA23Y

3288

DTXSID2064943

Rhombic prism|White powder

28429090

63.2

-0.73720

Sodium tellurite appears as white crystals. Used in bacteriology and medicine. (EPA, 1998)

Slightly sol in cold water; sol in hot water

LD50 in rats (mg/kg): 56.78 i.p., 55.85 i.v.; in rabbits (mg/kg): 104 orally (Venugopal, Luckey)

Water soluble.

Salts, Basic

Weak inorganic reducing agents, such as SODIUM TELLURITE, react with oxidizing agents to generate heat and products that may be flammable, combustible, or otherwise reactive.

II

6.1

UN3284 Tellurium compound, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.UN 3288 6.1/PG 2

3

R23/24/25

22-36/37/39-45

WY2450000

T

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P261-P280-P301 + P310 + P330-P302 + P352 + P312-P304 + P340 + P312-P403 + P233

H301 + H311 + H331

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|TELLURIUM & CMPD MAY BE DISPOSED OF IN SEALED CONTAINERS IN A SECURED SANITARY LANDFILL. /TELLURIUM & CMPD/

When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of tellurium and sodium monoxide. (EPA, 1998)

|Danger|H300 (23.88%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P310, P311, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 67 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301+H311+H331 (100%): Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Avoid inhalation and skin contact. (EPA, 1998)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.1 mg/cu m. /Tellurium and compounds, as Te/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted avg: 0.1 mg/cu m. /Tellurium compounds (as Te) except tellurium hexafluoride and bismuth telluride/

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Sodium tellurite is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 or 10,000 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered form and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to determine the interactions between the incorporation of selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, lung and small intestine of Balby mice following the intraperitoneal injection of selenocystine and sodium-tellurite in mice injected with salts of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and zinc (Zn). The levels of cobalt (Co), rubidium (Rb), iron (Fe), and mercury (Hg) in the organs of the treated animals were determined. The results demonstrated a competitive interaction between As and Se or Te, and also between Se and Cd. The levels of Co, Fe, Rb, and Hg in the organs examined changed following injection, the corresponding concentrations depending on the injected compounds, although no clear correlations were established between the contents of Co and Fe and the injected compounds. The injection of Se, Te, or Cd resulted in the competitive displacement of Hg, with subsequent increase in the levels of Hg in the small intestine and kidney. Cd had the same effect on Fe, Co, and Rb in the small intestine and kidney, and the levels of Rb also increased following the injection of Se, Zn or As compounds.

LD50 Mouse oral 20 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 83 mg/kg|LD50 Rat ip 2400 ug/kg|LD50 Rabbit oral 53,600 ug/kg

The route of admin (IV, IP ... or orally) does not significantly change the pattern of soft tissue distribution of tellurium given as sodium tellurite or tellurous acid in hydrochloric acid solution. A short-term equilibrium is reached within 1-2 hr; the organs with highest concn incl the kidneys, liver, lung, thyroid, spleen, and the blood. The uptake by skeletal muscles is much slower, and in the long term, tellurium seems to accumulate in the bone.|Injected tellurium (IV and IP as sodium tellurite) is excreted by the rat mainly in urine (14-27% within 24 hr; 33% within one week). Fecal excretion amt to about 6% in 24 hr and 14% in one week. Tellurium is transferred to the intestine by biliary excretion. About 11-16% of IV injected tellurium (as sodium tellurite) was excreted by female dogs within 1 hr, and 23% within 6 days. About 60-80% of ingested sodium tellurite ... was rapidly eliminated by rats and swine in feces.|Gastrointestinal absorption of tellurites is completed within 2 hr and takes place, in rats, mainly in the duodenum and jejunum. Absorption estimates vary from 10- 15% to 25%. In swine, as in sheep, sodium tellurite is absorbed from the colon, but not from the small intestine.

As tellurium ranks among the rare non-essential trace elements there is only little known of its intestinal absorption and its metabolic behavior in humans. Data for risk evaluations needed for occupational medicine are based on animal experiments only. In order to investigate the metabolic behaviour of tellurium in man, tellurium in different forms was administered perorally to healthy male human volunteers. It was given as sodium tellurate, sodium tellurite, metallic colloid and intrinsically bound in cress. For the latter, cress was cultivated with tellurium-containing water in order to provide tellurium for ingestion in a form which is more equivalent to foodstuffs. After the administration the urinary excretion of tellurium was determined. Tellurium concentrations were measured in urine samples by means of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS). From the cumulative tellurium excretion in the first four days after the administration, a percentage intestinal absorption of 25% + or - 10% for soluble tellurium salts can be calculated. The renal tellurium excretion is faster after administration of hexavalent tellurium than after ingestion of the tetravalent form. This can explain the higher toxicity of the tetravalent tellurium compounds found in animal experiments. The introduction of tellurium to cress lowered the intestinal absorption to approximately 15%. For metallic tellurium the fractional intestinal absorption was found to be about 10%.

The whole-body retention of tellurium in rats after IP or IV injection of ... sodium tellurite can be described by a sum of two exponential functions with biological half-times of about 19 hr (42-49% of dose) and 13-15 days (51-58%). After gavage of the same cmpd, a third exponential term (half-time of 3-7 hr) has to be added to account for the rapid elimination of the non-absorbed fraction (70-80%). The whole-body retention model for man assumes a biological half-time of about 3 wk.

The early and 24 hour effects of 100 simple chemical substances were studied. Albino-guinea-pigs received intracutaneous injections of a test chemical in a standard volume of 0.1 milliliter at time intervals prior to intravenous dye injection. The animals were killed and examined for changes in color distribution due to the dye. The reactions of the substances fell into 4 main categories: (I) no reaction at isotonic concentration; (II) increased vascular permeability with minimal necrosis; (III) increased vascular permeability with necrosis; and (IV) necrosis with minimal effects on vascular permeability. ... Type-II reactions were evoked by magnesium-chloride, calcium-chloride , strontium-chloride, and sodium-arsenite, among others. Sodium-arsenite, sodium-selenite, and sodium-tellurite showed very potent effects on vascular permeability at concentrations as low as 0.3 milligrams per milliliter, with effects occurring within 2 minutes and peaking at 10 hours.

The material is both an oral and dermal toxic hazard. The material is toxic by ingestion. Oral ingestion of tellurium compounds is generally regarded as extremely toxic. The probable oral lethal dose is 5-50 mg/kg or between 7 drops and 1 teaspoonful for a 70 kg (150 pound) person. Tellurium compounds are regarded as super toxic for skin exposures. (EPA, 1998)

Signs and Symptoms of Sodium Tellurite Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute sodium tellurite exposure include the following: headache, metallic taste in mouth, garlic odor on breath, dry mouth and throat, drowsiness, dizziness, and lassitude. Anorexia (loss of appetite), nausea, vomiting, and constipation may be noted. Sodium tellurite may cause dermatitis on skin contact. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to sodium tellurite may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to sodium tellurite. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to sodium tellurite. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of sodium tellurite is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age. Warning: Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step 4. The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. 6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

/The investigators/ ... described 3 cases of accidental tellurium poisoning where sodium tellurite soln were given instead of sodium iodide during retrograde pyelography. In 2 cases, the dose is about 2 g (approx 30 mg/kg). Two patients died after about 6 hr; death was preceded by vomiting, renal pain, stupor, loss of consciousness, irregular breathing, & cyanosis. Autopsy revealed deposition of black tellurium in the mucosa of the bladder & of the ureter; congestion of lung, liver, spleen, & kidneys; & fatty change of the liver.|A significant incr of chromosome breakage incidence was observed in human leukocytes treated in vitro with sodium tellurite (1.2X10-8 mol/l) ... .|Toxic by ingestion.|Two fatalities occurred after unintentional treatment with 2 g of sodium tellurite by ureteral catheter. The patients died 6 hr post-treatment after experiencing emesis, dyspnea, cyanosis, lapse of consciousness, stupor, & renal pain. Autopsy revealed acute fatty degeneration & edema of the liver.|Cases of sodium tellurite poisoning were presented. A 40 year old male reported to the hospital with left renal pain. The patient was anesthetized and examined with a cystoscope. In what was intended to be a sodium iodide solution was injected and the patient left the hospital in good condition. Three hours later the patient was readmitted suffering great pain. After 2 hours he became cyanotic, dyspneic, and died. Another male, aged 21, had a urinary tract infection treated with calcium mandelate and ammonium chloride. After the injection of what was intended to be sodium-iodide he too developed a mild cyanosis with anemia but recovered within 2 months. A third male, aged 31, also received what was intended to be sodium iodide during the course of cystoscopy. He suffered a progressive cyanosis that caused his death. All three patients had a characteristic garlic odor to their breath. Chemical analysis of the blood revealed that the supposed sodium iodide was actually sodium tellurite. The authors conclude that sodium tellurite causes cyanosis through the formation of sulfhemoglobin.

sodium tellurate(IV)

100 mesh, 99.5% purity grades

Telluric acid (H2TeO3), sodium salt (1:2): ACTIVE