2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid

499.811

499.81

201-859-6

H575A4059Q

2582

DTXSID4041317

White to off-white amorphous powder|Prisms from alcohol

2916399015

37.30000

3.87

white to off-whitecrystals

3.0±0.1 g/cm3

224-226 °C @ Solvent: Ethanol

456.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg

230.0±28.7 °C

1.800

Insoluble in water.

Keep tightly closed. Store at -20 deg C

1.34X10-7 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Henry's Law constant = 1.35X10-9 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = approximately 1.5

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.96X10-13 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

NONH for all modes of transport

3

R22

S22-S26-S36-S24/25

DH9275000

Xn:Harmful;

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

|Warning|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 45 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Engineering controls: Safety shower and eye bath. Mechanical exhaust required.|Personal protective equipment: Respiratory: Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a dust mask type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) respirator.

Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes. Specific Hazard(s): Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions.

Accidental Release Measures: Procedures to be followed in case of leak or spill - Evacuate area. Procedures of personal precautions: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber boots, and heavy rubber gloves. Methods for cleaning up: Sweep up, place in a bag and hold for waste disposal. Avoid raising dust. Ventilate area and wash spill site after material pickup is complete.

Do not breathe dust. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure.|For several good reasons, .... herbicides ... should be handled and applied only with full attention to safety measures that minimize personal contact. Many formulations contain adjuvants (stabilizers, penetrants, surfactants) that may have significant irritating and toxic effects. A number of premixed formulations contain two or more active ingredients; the companion pesticides may be more toxic than the principal herbicide. Good hygienic practice should not be disregarded just because a pesticide is reported to have a high LD50 in laboratory rodents.

May cause skin irritation.

LD50 Rat oral 813 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 700 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 562 mg/kg

2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a plant growth regulator(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 64(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid is approximately 1.5(3), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process given that ions do not volatilize(SRC). 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-7 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). After 8 weeks incubation, soil microflora degraded this compound to 2,5- (15-20% peak concn) and 3,5-diiodobenzoic acid (14-15% peak concn) and one unknown metabolite(6), indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 64(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). An approximate pKa of 1.5(3) indicates 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 6(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 5.03(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data for the compound in water were not available(SRC, 2008).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). UV radiation of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid was shown to result in the formation of 2,5- and 3,5-diiodobenzoic acids(4); therefore, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 6.0X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 27 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). UV radiation of foliar-applied 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid to soybean plants was shown to result in the formation of 2,5- and 3,5-diiodobenzoic acids(4); therefore, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 6 was calculated in fish for 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 5.03(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid can be estimated to be 64(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid is expected to have high mobility in soil. The pKa of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid is approximately 1.5(3), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

The pKa of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid is approximately 1.5(1), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the anion form in the environment and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(2). 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-7 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

The metabolites of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid in cow's milk resulting from acute administration of the compound (1.197 g) were determined using electron capture gas-chromatograph procedures. The parent compound plus seven suspected metabolites were detected; of these, four were identified, and one quantitated. The primary metabolite was 2-OHI-3,5-diiodobenzoic acid. Occurring in trace amounts were mono-iodobenzoic acids, 2-0H-5 iodobenzoic acid, and 3,5-diiodobenzoic acid. The maximum concentration of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid in raw milk was found in the 30-hr milk sample at the 0.79 mg/kilogram level and of 2-OH-3,5-diiodobenzoic acid in the 42-hr milk at the 0.27 mg/kilogram level.

Occupational exposure to 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid is produced or used. (SRC)

The placental transfer of 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid and/or metabolites was studied using 14C-labeled 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid. Placental transfer of 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid and/or metabolites occurred in both cold-stressed and control rats. The maternal blood of cold-stressed and control rats contained significantly higher concentrations of 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid and/or metabolites than the blood of respective fetal rats. However, cold stress did not significantly alter either placental transfer or the level of 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid and/or metabolites in the maternal and fetal tissue. Cold stress had no apparent effect upon the plasma level of either 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid, 2, 5-diiodobenzoic acid, or 3, 5-diiodobenzoic acid in maternal or fetal animals. While nonpregnant rats acclimated to cold stress, pregnant rats did not, indicating cold stress and pregnancy may act synergistically.|Rats receiving oral doses of C14-carboxyl or 2,3( 125-I),5(125-I)-triiodobenzoic acid excreted 72-75% of the radioactivity in urine and 24-28% in feces during the 4 days following drug administration. Peak levels of carbon-14 were observed in brain, thyroid, liver, lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys, and carcass 4 or 8 hr after dosing and rapidly decreased thereafter. Levels of iodine-125 were significantly higher than carbon-14 levels in the brain and thyroid. Iodine-125 in thyroid increased with time. ...

Rats receiving oral doses of C14-carboxyl or 2,3( 125-I),5(126-I)-triiodobenzoic acid excreted 72-75 % of the radioactivity in urine and 24-28% in feces during the 4 days following drug administration... . Thin-layer chromatograms of ether extracts of urine (50-80% of the radioactivity was extracted) revealed the presence of: 2,5-diiodobenzoic acid, as the free acid and a conjugate, accounting for 66% of the extractable radioactivity (39.6% of dose); unchanged TIBA, 9.5% (5.7% of dose); 2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzoic acid, 2.3% (1.4% of dose); and 3,5-diiodobenzoic acid, 0.7% (0.4% of dose). Thin-layer chromatograms of feces extracts revealed a metabolic pattern similar io urine.|The whole body retention, excretion, distribution, thyroid uptake, and metabolism of 2(131I),3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) were studied in goats and a cow. A single oral dose of TIBA exhibited a two-component whole body radioactivity retention curve and was excreted primarily in the urine. TIBA plus nine metabolites, four of which were identified, were found in the urine. The major metabolite was 2,5-diiodobenzoic acid (2,5-DIBA). Trace amounts of 2,3-diiodobenzoic acid (2,3-DIBA), orthoiodobenzoic acid (OIBA), and iodide ion were found. TIBA was metabolized by deiodination. Iodide ion was concentrated in the thyroid and excreted by way of milk and urine.|The metabolites of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid in cow's milk resulting from acute administration of the compound (1.197 g) were determined using electron capture gas-chromatograph procedures. The parent compound plus seven suspected metabolites were detected; of these, four were identified, and one quantitated. The primary metabolite was 2-OHI-3,5-diiodobenzoic acid. Occurring in trace amounts were mono-iodobenzoic acids, 2-0H-5 iodobenzoic acid, and 3,5-diiodobenzoic acid. The maximum concentration of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid in raw milk was found in the 30-hr milk sample at the 0.79 mg/kilogram level and of 2-OH-3,5-diiodobenzoic acid in the 42-hr milk at the 0.27 mg/kilogram level.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Harmful if swallowed|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May cause skin irritation.

2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid

Benzoic acid, 2,3,5-triiodo-: ACTIVE