2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol

206.32400

206.32

202-532-0

FOB94G6HZT

174502

DTXSID2026602

White to yellow powder or solid

29071900

20.23000

3.98720

Liquid

0.932g/cm3

56.5 °C

263.5 °C

115ºC

1.508 (20ºC)

Practically insoluble in water

Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

1 mm Hg ( 84.5 °C)

Henry's Law constant = 3.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 11.72

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 4.91X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

III

9

UN 2430

2

R22; R36/38; R43; R50/53

S24-S26-S29-S37/39-S61

SK8260000

Xn; N

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with acid chlorides, oxidizing agents, acid anhydrides, copper, copper alloys, bases, brass.

P273-P305 + P351 + P338-P501

H315-H319-H410

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Can react with oxidizing materials. Violent reaction with HNO3.

|Danger|H302 (37.31%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1177 companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P332+P313, P362, P391, and P501|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P405, and P501|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P405, and P501

Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Combustible when exposed to heat or flame.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.|ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES; Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.|Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol was detected at a concentration range of 0.5-0.6 ppm in river water collected in the vicinity of an unspecified specialty chemicals manufacturing plant. River samples were collected at intervals from November 1975 to September 1976(1).|2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol occurrence in treated municipal wastewater and river water collected during October 1997 and February/March 1998(1).[Table#8569]

SEDIMENT: 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol was detected at a concentration range of 0.1-100 ppm in river water collected in the vicinity of an unspecified specialty chemicals manufacturing plant. River samples were collected at intervals from January 1976 to September 1976(1). The compound was detected not quantified in sediments from the River Po in the vicinity of River Ticino, River Olona and River Lambro, Milan, Italy. Sampling was conducted in winter and summer, 2005(2).

SOURCE DOMINATED: 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol was detected at a concentration of 1.77 ug/cu m in emmisions from a municipal waste incineration plant located in Germany; sampling date not available(1).

In this study, seven synthetic phenolic antioxidant (SPA) analogues were positively found in urban and rural indoor dust samples collected from Shandong province in China, among which the novel 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol (AO 246), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-sec-butylphenol (DTBSBP), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DBP) and 4,4'-butylidenebis (2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5- methyl-phenol) (AO 44B25) analogues accounted for 29% of total SPA concentrations (?SPAs). Urban dust showed significantly higher ?SPA levels (range: 1.56e3 - 2.03e4 ng/g) compared with those in rural indoor dust (668-4.39e3 ng/g, p < 0.05). 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) was the dominate analogue in the urban indoor dust, which constituted of 74% in SSPAs. While, varied composition profiles of SPAs were noticed in rural indoor dust, for instance, AO 246 (46%) and BHT (43%) had similar contributions to ?SPAs. Three BHT transformation products (TPs) were also detected in most of the urban and rural dust samples (>97%), with individual residue level in the same order: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (BHT-Q) > 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- 4-methyl-2,5-cyclo-hexadienone (BHT-quinol) > 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzal-dehyde (BHT-CHO). Geometric mean values of total TP concentrations were 555 ng/g and 131 ng/g for urban and rural indoor dust samples, respectively. A preliminary estimated daily intake calculation at dust ingestion scenario suggested additional concerns might be paid to simultaneous exposure of several SPA analogues and TPs besides current focus on BHT exposure risks.|With the widespread application of plastic pipes in drinking water distribution system, the effects of various leachable organic chemicals have been investigated and their occurrence in drinking water supplies is monitored. Most studies focus on the odor problems these substances may cause. This study investigates the potential endocrine disrupting effects of the migrating compound 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-d-t-BP). The summarized results show that the migration of 2,4-d-t-BP from plastic pipes could result in chronic exposure and the migration levels varied greatly among different plastic pipe materials and manufacturing brands. Based on estrogen equivalent (EEQ), the migrating levels of the leachable compound 2,4-d-t-BP in most plastic pipes were relative low. However, the EEQ levels in drinking water migrating from four out of 15 pipes may pose significant adverse effects. With the increasingly strict requirements on regulation of drinking water quality, these results indicate that some drinking water transported with plastic pipes may not be safe for human consumption due to the occurrence of 2,4-d-t-BP. Moreover, 2,4-d-t-BP is not the only plastic pipe-migrating estrogenic compound, other compounds such as 2-tert-butylphenol (2-t-BP), 4-tert-butylphenol (4-t-BP), and others may also be leachable from plastic pipes.|Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a simple point-of-use process that uses sunlight to disinfect water for drinking. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles are typically used as water containers for SODIS, but a new SODIS container design has recently been developed with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bags and can overcome the drawbacks of PET bottles. Two nesting layers of LDPE bags are used in the new design: the inner layer containing the water to be disinfected and the outer one creating air insulation to minimize heat loss from the water to the surroundings. This work investigated the degradation of LDPE bags used in the new design in actual SODIS conditions over a period of 12 weeks. The degradation of the LDPE bags was investigated weekly using a scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and tensile strength tester. It was found that the LDPE bags gradually degraded under the sunlight due to photo-oxidation reactions, especially in the outer bags, which were directly exposed to the sun and surroundings, leading to the reduction of light transmittance (by 11% at 300 nm) and tensile strength (by 33%). In addition, possible leaching of organic compounds into the water contained in the inner bags was examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol was found in some SODIS water samples as well as the as-received water samples, in the concentration range of 1-4 ug/L, which passes the Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water Guidance on Disinfection By-Products.|The chemical safety of consumer products is an issue of emerging concern. Plastics are widely used, e.g. as casings of consumer electronics (TVs, computers, routers, etc.), which are present in houses and offices in continuously increasing numbers. In this study, we investigate the estrogenic activity of components of plastics coming from electronics' casings. A recently developed fractionation platform for effect-directed analysis (EDA) was used. This platform combines reversed-phase liquid chromatography in parallel with bioassay detection via nanofractionation and with online high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) for the identification of bioactives. Four out of eight of the analyzed plastics samples showed the presence of estrogenic compounds. Based on the MS results these were assigned to bisphenol A (BPA), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and a possible bisphenol A analog. All samples contained flame retardants, but these did not show any estrogenicity. The observed BPA, however, could be an impurity of tetrabromo-BPA (TBBPA) or TBBPA-based flame retardants. Due to the plausible migration of additives from plastics into the environment, plastics from consumer electronics likely constitute a source of estrogenic compound contamination in the indoor environment.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP) is a solid, which is used as UV stabilizer and an antioxidant for hydrocarbon-based products. HUMAN STUDIES: Occupational vitiligo (cutaneous depigmentation) cases have been reported in workers who handled the rubber containing DTBP. Cytoxicity to multiple human cell lines have been reported. DTBP induces senescence in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells as evidenced by upregulation of p21 and Rb and increased beta-galactosidase activity. DTBP also induces mitotic catastrophe and generates multinucleated cells, which is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of polymerized tubulin, possibly caused by inhibition of HDAC6 enzyme activity. ANIMAL STUDIES: A single 4 -hour, semi-occluded application of the test material to the intact skin of three rabbits produced well-defined erythema and very slight to slight edema. Other skin reactions noted were hemorrhage of the dermal capillaries, blanching, light brown discoloration of the epidermis, crust formation and hardened light brown-colored scabs. It was non-sensitizing to guinea pigs. The susceptibility of newborn rats to DTBP was found to be 4-5 times higher than that of young rats. The 1 -generation fertility / Repeated dose toxicity study was carried out in the rat. The parental generation rats were fed diets containing DTBP at dose levels of 50, 150 or 300 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks before mating and throughout mating, gestation and lactation. Groups of 20 generation F1 progeny of each sex were maintained on the experimental diets for 13 weeks after weaning. Reproductive capability of the parental generation animals was unimpaired by the ingestion of DTBP at dose levels of up to 300 mg/kg/d. Ingestion of 300 mg DTBP/kg/d elicited a significant reduction in the mean number of progeny born and reduced the growth rate of the F1 progeny during lactation. The former effect was not apparent at dose levels of 50 and 150 mg/kg/d. The reduced growth rate was also apparent in the progeny of animals treated at 150 mg/kg/d and was associated with a higher average litter number. There were no substance related deaths in any of the experimental groups during the feeding phase. Dietary administration of DTBP at a dose level of 300 mg/kg daily for 13 weeks to rats elicited a primary toxic effect on growth rate, and at dose level of 150 mg/kg/d, elicited growth retardation which was secondary to reduced diet palatability. DTBP was not clastogenic in vivo.

The oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plays a critical role at the early stages of atherosclerosis. Thus, the prevention of LDL-oxidation by antioxidants may arrest the progression of atherosclerosis. Two quinoline alkaloids, 3,8-dihydroxyquinoline (1) and 2,8-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyquinoline (3), and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2) were isolated from the dried body of Scolopendra subspinipes. Compounds 1-3 exhibited antioxidant activities on copper-mediated (1: IC50=2.6 microM, 2: IC50=8.2 microM, 3: IC50=63.0 microM), AAPH-mediated oxidation (1: IC50=3.9 microM, 2: IC50=9.9 microM, 3: IC50=71.8 microM), and SIN-1-mediated oxidation (1: 70%, 2: 52%, 3: 29% at 5.0 microM) in the TBARS assay. The antioxidant activities of compounds 1-3 were tested with respect to other parameters, such as the lag time of conjugated diene fromation, relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) of ox-LDL, and apoB-100 fragmentation on copper-mediated LDL-oxidation. In addition, compounds 1-3 showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrasyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and compound 1 also exhibited metal chelating activity.

LD50 Rabbit dermal 200 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat oral 200 mg/kg bw|LD50 Mice ip 25 mg/kg|LD50 Mice iv 100 mg/kg

2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of UV absorbers in polyolefins(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 4.77X10-3 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 35 mg/L(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(4) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 9000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.77X10-3 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 35 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.6 and 16 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 120 months if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), a BCF range of 128-436(5) suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 0% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks(5) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, which has a vapor pressure of 4.77X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

251.19|BCF values of 128-436 and 135-360 were reported in fish for 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol exposed to 0.02 and 0.002 mg/L, respectively, using rice fish (Oryzias latipes) which were exposed over an 8-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol can be estimated to be 9000(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol is estimated as 3.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 4.77X10-3(1) and water solubilty, 35 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.6 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 16 days(SRC). 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 120 months if adsorption is considered(4). 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol was detected at a concentration range of 0.001-0.005 ppm in river water collected in the vicinity of an unspecified specialty chemicals manufacturing plant. River samples were collected at intervals from November 1975 to September 1976(1).

According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 6 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol in the United States may be as low as 10 workers and as high as 500; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|Occupational exposure to 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol via house dust, water distribution systems using plastic pipes and use of electronic consumer products containing this compound. (SRC)

BACKGROUND: In utero exposure to environmental chemicals can adversely impact pregnancy outcomes and childhood health, but minimal biomonitoring data exist on the majority of chemicals used in commerce. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to profile exposure to multiple environmental organic acids (EOAs) and identify novel chemicals that have not been previously biomonitored in a diverse population of pregnant women. METHODS: We used liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) to perform a suspect screen for 696 EOAs, (e.g., phenols and phthalate metabolites) on the maternal serum collected at delivery from 75 pregnant women delivering at two large San Francisco Hospitals. We examined demographic differences in peak areas and detection frequency (DF) of suspect EOAs using a Kruskal-Wallis Rank Sum test or Fisher's exact test. We confirmed selected suspects by comparison with their respective reference standards. RESULTS: We detected, on average, 56 [standard deviation (SD)]: 8) suspect EOAs in each sample (range: 32-73). Twelve suspect EOAs with DF=60 were matched to 21 candidate compounds in our EOA database, two-thirds of which are novel chemicals. We found demographic differences in DF for 13 suspect EOAs and confirmed the presence of 6 priority novel chemicals: 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, Pyrocatechol, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, 3,5-Di-tert-butylsalicylic acid, 4-Hydroxycoumarin, and 2'-Hydroxyacetophenone (or 3'-Hydroxyacetophenone). The first two are high-production-volume chemicals in the United States. CONCLUSION: Suspect screening in human biomonitoring provides a viable method to characterize a broad spectrum of environmental chemicals to prioritize for targeted method development and quantification.

0.43 Days

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phenols and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Dilution may be contraindicated because if may increase absorption. Do not use emetics. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . Maintain body temperature. /Phenols and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam. ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phenols and related compounds/

/CASE REPORTS/ We investigated the occurrence of cutaneous depigmentation (vitiligo) /SRP: leukoderma/ among employees of a company that manufactured hydraulic pumps. The interiors of these pumps were injection-molded with rubber. We identified a small but significant cluster of vitiligo cases among a group of employees who frequently handled the rubber used in this injection molding process. Although none of the additives specified in the rubber formulations was a phenolic or catecholic derivative, known to be potential causes of chemically induced vitiligo, gas chromatographic analysis identified a para-substituted phenol (2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, DTBP) in solid samples of the most frequently used rubber. Surface wipe analysis confirmed that workers could be exposed to DTBP from simple handling of the rubber. We subsequently established that the solid bulk rubber used as the base in these stock rubber formulations contained both DTBP and smaller quantities of p-tert-butylphenol. Both had formed as unsuspected byproducts during chemical synthesis of two antioxidants added to the solid bulk rubber by a major rubber supplier. We conclude that the unsuspected presence of potential chemical depigmenting agents in solid bulk rubber, from which industrial rubber products are formulated, may contribute to the occurrence of occupational vitiligo, and that a simple review of ingredients in rubber formulations is inadequate to detect their presence.|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ 2,4,6-Tri-tert-butylphenol (TBP)-related compounds are used for stabilizing plastics by making them resistant to oxidation. However, the cytotoxic activity of these compounds has not yet been established. TBP produced phenoxyl radicals at pH >/= 9.0 and 2,4-di-t-butylphenol (DBP) at pH 12.5, but 3,3',5,5'-tetra-t-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diol (bisDBP) did not, using ESR spectroscopy. Both superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-)) scavenging activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production activity declined in the order of TBP > DBP > bisDBP. The cytotoxic activity against human oral tumor cell lines (HSC-2, HSG) and human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF) declined in the order of DBP >> bisDBP = TBP = TBP-OOH (2,4,6-tri-t-butyl-4-hydroperoxy-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one). The cytotoxic activity of TBP, but not of DBP or bisDBP was significantly enhanced after visible light (VL)-irradiation for 10 min. The cytotoxicity of irradiated TBP was significantly higher than that of either original TBP or TBP-OOH, the oxidative metabolite of TBP, possibly due to the formation of TBP stable radical and ROS via oxidation. In contrast, the cytotoxic activity of DBP and bisDBP was independent of radical production, and therefore, may be intrinsic. A non-enzymatic oxidation decomposition of DBP or TBP was estimated from the formation of reaction enthalpy (DeltaH) using a modified neglect of diatomic overlap, parametric method 3 (MNDO-PM3) semi-empirical method, suggesting that O(2) is capable of activating DBP to a reactive quinone or dimer and that TBP phenoxyl radicals via oxidation directly affect extra- or intracellular bioactive materials, resulting in the induction of cytotoxicity.|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ The natural product 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP) has a wide spectrum of biological functions, including anticancer activities, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we found that DTBP induces senescence in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells as evidenced by upregulation of p21 and Rb and increased beta-galactosidase activity. DTBP also induces mitotic catastrophe and generates multinucleated cells, which is accompanied by an increase in the proportion of polymerized tubulin, possibly caused by inhibition of HDAC6 enzyme activity. In silico docking analysis showed that DTBP docked at the entrance of the ligand-binding pocket of the HDAC6 enzyme. Accordingly, DTBP represents a promising lead structure for the development of HDAC6 inhibitors, with an improvement in specificity conferred by modification of the cap group. We propose for the first time that the underlying mechanism of the anticancer activity of DTBP is attributed to inhibition of HDAC6 activity.|/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ The volatile organic compound 2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol (2,4 DTBP) was purified from the cell free supernatant of a newly isolated Lactococcus sp. by solvent extraction and chromatographic techniques. Molecular characterization of the compound by ESI-MS, 1H NMR and FTIR analysis revealed the structure, C14H22O. Fungicidal activity was demonstrated against Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium chrysogenum by disc diffusion assay. Among the cell lines tested for cytotoxicity of this compound (normal cell line H9c2 and cancer cell lines HeLa and MCF-7), a remarkable cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 10 ug/mL was shown. A biocontrol experiment with 2,4 DTBP supplemented fraction prevented growth of the above mentioned fungi on wheat grains. The study further strengthens the case for development of biopreservatives and dietary antioxidants from lactic acid bacteria for food applications.

2,4-bis(tert-butyl)phenol

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-: ACTIVE

Effect-directed analysis (EDA)-based strategies have been increasingly used in order to identify the causative link between adverse (eco-)toxic effects and chemical contaminants. In this study, we report the development and use of an EDA approach to identify endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in a multi-contaminated river sediment. The battery of in vitro reporter cell-based bioassays, measuring estrogenic, (anti)androgenic, dioxin-like, and pregnane X receptor (PXR)-like activities, revealed multi-contamination profiles. To isolate active compounds of a wide polarity range, we established a multi-step fractionation procedure combining: (1) a primary fractionation step using normal phase-based solid-phase extraction (SPE), validated with a mixture of 12 non-polar to polar standard EDCs; (2) a secondary fractionation using reversed-phase-based high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) calibrated with 33 standard EDCs; and (3) a purification step using a recombinant estrogen receptor (ER) affinity column. In vitro SPE and HPLC profiles revealed that ER and PXR activities were mainly due to polar to mid-polar compounds, while dioxin-like and anti-androgenic activities were in the less polar fractions. The overall procedure allowed final isolation and identification of new environmental PXR (e.g., di-iso-octylphthalate) and ER (e.g., 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-a-methoxy-p-cresol) ligands by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry with full-scan mode acquisition in mid-polar fractions. In vitro biological activity of these chemicals was further confirmed using commercial standards, with di-iso-octylphthalate identified for the first time as a potent hPXR environmental agonist.|Manual shaking-enhanced, ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (MS-USAEME) combined with ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with UV detection has been developed for the determination of five endocrine-disrupting phenols (EDPs) in seawater samples and detergent samples: 4-tert-butylphenol (4-t-BP), 4-cumylphenol (4-CP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-di-t-BP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). Optimum conditions were found to be: 25 uL 1-bromohexadecane as extraction solvent, 5 mL of aqueous sample and 1 g of NaCl to control the ionic strength; manual shaking for 10 s; ultrasonication for 1 min; centrifugation for 3 min at 5000 rpm (speed). For MS-USAEME, manual shaking for 10 s is essential for effective extraction when the ultrasonic extraction time is as brief as 1 min. The small volume of aqueous sample enhances the effect of manual shaking significantly. For seawater samples, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.5-2.8 ng/mL, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1.8-9.3 ng/mL with the relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range 4.2-10.3%. For detergent samples, the LOD was 0.4-2.4 ng/mL, LOQ was 1.6-8.2 ng/mL and RSD 4.7-10.0%. The relative recovery was 96-109% for seawater samples and 81-106% for the detergent samples.|An analytical method has been developed for the determination of 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol (TTBP) in foods. TTBP was determined by GC/MS (SIM) after extraction from food samples using a steam distillation technique. The developed method was able to determine simultaneously 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTBP), 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol (3,5-DTBP) and 2,4-di-tert-pentylphenol (2,4-DTPP). The method was applied to analyze the residues of the 5 phenolic compounds in 101 food samples purchased from markets. TTBP was found in some samples of meat, liver and fish (muscle) at the levels of trace (tr)-0.50 ng/g, tr and tr-1.83 ng/g, respectively. 2,4-DTBP was found in some samples of vegetables, meat, liver, fish (muscle) and fish (viscera) at the levels of 1.4-10.6 ng/g, 2.7-26.4 ng/g, tr-34.2 ng/g, tr-21.6 ng/g and tr, respectively. 2,6-DTBP was found in some samples of fish (muscle) and fish (viscera) at the levels of tr-3.9 ng/g and tr, respectively. 3,5-DTBP and 2,4-DTPP were not found in any of the analyzed samples.|In 2011, the European Union prohibited the production of polycarbonate (PC) baby bottles due to the toxic effects of the PC monomer bisphenol-A. Therefore, baby bottles made of alternative materials, e.g. polypropylene (PP) or polyethersulphone (PES), are currently marketed. The principal aim of the study was the identification of major compounds migrating from baby bottles using a liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC/MS analysis. A 50% EtOH in water solution was selected as a simulant for milk. After sterilization of the bottle, three migration experiments were performed during 2 hr at 70 °C. A non-targeted liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate-n-hexane (1:1) was performed on the simulant samples. Identification of migrants from 24 baby bottles was done using commercially available WILEY and NIST mass spectra libraries. Differences in the migrating compounds and their intensities were observed between the different types of plastics, but also between the same polymer from a different producer. Differences in the migration patterns were perceived as well between the sterilisation and the migrations and within the different migrations. Silicone, Tritan and PP exhibited a wide variety of migrating compounds, whereas PES and polyamide (PA) showed a lower amount of migrants, though sometimes in relatively large concentrations (azacyclotridecan-2-one up to 250 ug/kg). Alkanes (especially in PP bottles), phthalates (dibutylphthalate in one PP bottle (+/-40 ug/kg) and one silicone bottle (+/-25 ug/kg); diisobutylphthalate in one PP (+/-10 ug/kg), silicone (up to +/-80 ug/kg); and Tritan bottle (+/-30 ug/kg)), antioxidants (Irgafos 168, degradation products of Irganox 1010 and Irganox 1076), etc. were detected for PP, silicone and Tritan bottles. Although the concentrations were relatively low, some compounds not authorized by European Union Regulation No. 10/2011, such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (10-100 ug/kg) or 2-butoxyethyl acetate (about 300 ug/kg) were detected. Migrating chemicals were identified as confirmed (using a standard) or as tentative (further confirmation required).|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.