Dichlofenthion

315.15

315.15

202-564-5

64234GT8TT

52964

DTXSID8040274

COLORLESS LIQUID

2920190090

59.8

5.14

Liquid

1.300 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

100ºC

164-169 °C @ Press: 0.1 Torr

100 °C

1.545

SOLUBILITY IN WATER: 0.245 MG/L @ 25 DEG C; MISCIBLE WITH KEROSENE

0-6°C

5.6X10-4 mm Hg at 20 deg C

Oral-rat LD50: 172 mg/kg

Decomposes toxic phosphorus oxide, sulfur oxide, chloride gas by heating

158.04 Ų [M+H]+

ON HEATING @ 175 °C FOR 8 HR, 42% IS CONVERTED INTO THE O,S-DIETHYL ISOMER|DENSITY: 1.30-1.32 @ 20 °C/4 °C; INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.530-1.533 @ 25 °C/D /TECHNICAL PRODUCT/

III

6.1(b)

2783

3

22-50/53

60-61

TF0350000

Xn,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

DETERIORATES SLOWLY IN AIR AT 150 DEG C

P273-P501

H302-H410

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|It is stable to hydrolysis except under strongly alkaline conditions. On heating @ 175 °C for 8 hr, 42% is converted into the O,S-diethyl isomer. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer review: Incinerate @ high temp in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))|All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/|Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

...ON CONTACT WITH ACIDS OR ACID FUMES...EVOLVES HIGHLY TOXIC CHLORIDE FUMES. /CHLORIDES/

Toxicology Review: Residue Reviews 46: 1 (1973)|Li S-Q et al; Structure-activity relationship analysis of mutagenicity of organophosphorus pesticides and their molecular mechanism. Zhongguo Yaolixue Yu Dulixue Zazhi 7 (2): 93-9 (1993). Whole structure patternization multivariant discriminant analysis was established for studying the structure-activity relationship of mutagenicity of organophosphorus pesticides, of which the 3 constituents were patternized in subtype patterns, and then 36 categories of structural patterns of OPPs were constructed.

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P301+P312, P330, P391, and P501|Danger|H301 (46.05%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 76 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P361, P363, P405, and P501

Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/|WORKERS HANDLING AND APPLYING ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES (OPP) MUST ... BE GIVEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT COMPRISING OVERALLS MADE OF A TIGHT FABRIC OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, GLOVES, AND RUBBER BOOTS. THEY MUST WEAR A RESPIRATOR WITH AN ACTIVATED-CARBON GAS FILTER CARTRIDGE AFFORDING PROTECTION FOR A DETERMINED NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS. THE EYES SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY GOGGLES. THE SIGNALMEN FOR AERIAL DUSTING OPERATIONS SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH A HAT AND CAPE MADE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE OR A FABRIC IMPREGNATED WITH A WATER REPELLENT. /PESTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

/IT IS/ NECESSARY TO PREVENT INHALATION & SKIN CONTAMINATION. /PARATHION/|Avoid contact with...eyes...|In some situations where personnel may become accidently contaminated ... it is necessary to provide shower bath in addition to the usual washing facilities. Special arrangements for cleaning clothing & overalls may be necessary ... /Pesticides/|Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DICHLOFENTHION (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Duration of nematicidal activity in soil 1-2 yr.|Soil was collected from 28 farms in southwestern Ontario during October 1976; 11 of the 28 samples contained dichlofenthion at concentrations ranging from a trace to 0.31 ppm(1).

Dichlofenthion was detected in the air of a pesticide formulation plant in South Florida at 10.3 ng/cu m(1).

highly toxic

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/|In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/|BARBITURATES ARE POTENTIATED BY ANTICHOLINESTERASES. ALTHOUGH BARBITURATES MAY BE USED CAUTIOUSLY IN TREATING CONVULSIONS, EXTREME CARE IS ESSENTIAL IN HANDLING POISONINGS DUE TO ANTICHOLINESTERASES, PARTICULARLY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES. ECHOTHIOPHATE, A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR USED AS MIOTIC, POTENTIATES OTHER SUCH INHIBITORS ... USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES (ADDITIVE EFFECTS) OR POSSIBLY SYNERGISTIC. THOSE EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES MUST TAKE STRICT PRECAUTIONS. ... ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: ADDITIVE ANTICHOLINESTERASE EFFECTS. HAZARDOUS. PATIENTS ON ANTICHOLINESTERASES (EVEN TOPICAL, SUCH AS EYE DROPS) SHOULD AVOID AREAS WHERE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES ... RECENTLY ... USED. /ANTICHOLINESTERASE/|ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

LD50 Rat oral 270 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal 6,000 mg/kg

Work ... must not be carried out by young persons under 18 yr, expectant or nursing mothers, or persons for whom work with toxic chemicals is contraindicated on account of their state of health; the same applies to alcoholics. Contraindications for work with organophosphorus pesticides are organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of the liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis and keratitis). /Organophosphorus pesticides/

If dichlofenthion were produced and uesd, its direct release to the environment would be possible. (SRC)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15,000(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dichlofenthion will be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dichlofenthion may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure(4) and water solubility(5). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces(SRC) is not expected, based on dichlofenthion's measured vapor pressure(4).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15,000(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that dichlofenthion should adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water(SRC). Dichlofenthion may volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure(3) and water solubility(4). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 hours and 8 days, respectively(1,SRC). An estimated BCF value of 4700(1,SRC), from a measured log Kow(2), suggests that dichlofenthion will bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC), according to a recommended classification scheme(5).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dichlofenthion, which has a measured vapor pressure of 5.6X10-4 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), will exist both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dichlofenthion is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 4 hours(3,SRC). Particulate phase dichlofenthion may be physically removed from air by dry deposition(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dichlofenthion with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). In a 1:4 ethanol/H2O solution (pH = 6.0), dichlofenthion had a hydrolysis half-life of 48 hours at a temperature of 70 degrees C(2).

An estimated BCF value of 4700 was calculated for dichlofenthion(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 5.14(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will be an important fate process(SRC).

The Koc of dichlofenthion is estimated as approximately 15,000(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 5.14(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dichlofenthion will be immobile in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for dichlofenthion is estimated as 9.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 5.6X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.245 mg/l(2). This value indicates that dichlofenthion will volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 7 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 8 days(3,SRC).Dichlofenthion may volatilize from moist soil surfaces based on its Henry's Law constant. Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) based on this compound's measured value for vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: Surface waters in the Hogeveense Polder, The Netherlands, sampled from August 1989 to January 1990, contained from 0.1 to 0.3 ug/l dichlofenthion(1).|GROUNDWATER: Dichlofenthion was detected in groundwater at unknown concentrations and location(s)(1).

Occupational exposure to dichlofenthion may be through respiratory or dermal routes(1).

4. 4= VERY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 50-500 MG/KG, BETWEEN 1 TEASPOON AND 1 OUNCE FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

/IN CATTLE SPRAYED WITH & SHEEP & GOATS DIPPED IN SOLN OF VC-13/... NON-HYDROLYZED VC-13 RESIDUES WERE GREATEST IN FAT & FATTY TISSUES...FREE 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL, HYDROLYSIS PRODUCT OF VC-13, OCCURRED PRIMARILY IN THE KIDNEY AND LIVER. RESIDUES /NON-HYDROLYZED/ WERE AT MAXIMUM AT 7 DAYS AFTER EXPOSURE; DECLINED GRADUALLY; & WERE ELIMINATED IN 6 WEEKS BY CATTLE AND IN 8 WEEKS BY SHEEP AND GOATS.|Percutaneous absorption is a potential danger. It is stored in and slowly released from body fat depots. As a result symptoms may be delayed hr or days after a single dose or recurrent attacks may occur. Dichlofenthion has been identified in fat biopsies, serum and urine up to 48 days after exposure.|DICHLOFENTHION HAS A HIGHER OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT THAN MOST ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES, & PROLONGED COURSE OF POISONINGS.../IS/ DUE TO A SLOW RELEASE OF THE INSECTICIDE FROM ADIPOSE TISSUE RESERVOIRS.|The concn of dichlofenthion in the tissues of a man who died on the 3rd day after ingesting dichlofenthion were 19 and 0.83 ppm in serum and kidney, respectively. In a similar case the values were 174 ppm in fat, 37 ppm in bile, 4 ppm in liver, and 1.3 ppm in kidney.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for DICHLOFENTHION (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

WHEN NEMATOCIDE WAS FED TO LAYING HENS...METABOLITE 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL WAS FOUND IN LIVER & YOLK.|... Oxidation to the phosphate, dealkylation, and hydrolytic cleavage of the dichlorophenol moiety.|Plasma and tissue enzymes are responsible for hydrolysis /of organophosphorus compounds/ to the corresponding phosphoric and phosphonic acids. However, oxidative enzymes are also involved in the metabolism of some organophosphorus compounds. /Anticholinesterase agents/|The organophosphorus anticholinesterase agents are hydrolyzed in the body by a group of enzymes known as A-esterases or paroxonase, and by the cytochrome p-450 systems. Considerable variability exists in the human population for organophosphate metabolism by these routes. The A-esterases are found in plasma and in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum and can hydrolyze a large number of organophosphorus compounds ... by splitting the anhydride, P-F, P-CN, or ester bond. /Anticholinesterase agents/|These chemicals are detoxified by cytochrome p450-mediated monooxygenases in the liver, but some metabolites are more toxic than parent cmpd ... Metabolites usually are detected from 12 to 48 hr postexposure. /Organophosphate cmpd/

The cardiovascular actions of anticholinesterase agents are complex, since they reflect both ganglionic and postganglionic effects of accumulated ACh on the heart and blood vessels. The predominant effect on the heart from the peripheral action of accumulated ACh is bradycardia, resulting in a fall in cardiac output. Higher doses usually cause a fall in blood pressure, often as a consequence of effects of anticholinesterase agents on the medullary vasomotor centers of the CNS. /Anticholinesterase agents/|Organophosphorus derivatives act by combining with and inactivating the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. ... The inactivation of cholinesterase by cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides allows the accumulation of large amounts of acetylcholine, with resultant widespread effects that may be ... separated into 4 categories: (1) Potentiation of postganglionic parasympathetic activity. ... (2) Persistent depolarization of skeletal muscle ... (3) Initial stimulation following depression of cells of central nervous system ... (4) Variable ganglionic stimulation or blockade ... /Cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides/|The main feature of the toxic mechanism of organophosphorus pesticides is inhibition of the esterase enzyme activity, in particular of cholinesterase, which plays an important physiological part. Organophosphorus pesticides can also indirectly interact with the biochemical receptors of acetylcholine. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|... The serum cholinesterase activity of 14 men and 16 women at seven approximately equal intervals throughout one 24 hr day was measured. The lowest average value, ... was 92% of the mean of all values at other sampling times. The next lowest value was 98.7% of the same mean. /It was/ concluded that the small variation observed did not take the form of a regular curve but was entirely individual without correspondence to hour. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/|For more Mechanism of Action (Complete) data for DICHLOFENTHION (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A comatose patient who is diaphoretic, has pinpoint pupils and the odor of an insecticide on clothing or breath, and is noted to have muscle fasciculations represents the classic presentation of organophosphate poisoning. ... Specific steps in management include the following. 1. Decontamination. ... 2 Airway. Establish an airway if necessary. ... 3. Respiratory Status. Respiratory distress, in fact, is commonly found in these patients from multiple causes. ... 4. Cardiac Monitoring. ... 5. Cholinesterase Level. ... 6. Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime is the treatment of choice for organophosphate poisoning and should be used for nearly all patients with clinically significant orgnophosphate poisoning, particularly whose patients with muscular fasciculations and weakness. ... 7. Atropine. Atropine is the physiologic antidote for organophosphate poisoning. A trial dose of atropine should be instituted on clinical ground when one suspects organophosphate intoxication. /Organophosphate poisoning/|1. INSURE THAT A CLEAR AIRWAY EXISTS BY ASPIRATION OF SECRETIONS IF NECESSARY. ADMIN OXYGEN BY MECHANICALLY ASSISTED PULMONARY VENTILATION IF RESPIRATION IS DEPRESSED. IMPROVE TISSUE OXYGENATION AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE BEFORE ADMIN ATROPINE TO MINIMIZE RISK OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. IN SEVERE POISONINGS, IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO SUPPORT PULMONARY VENTILATION MECHANICALLY FOR SEVERAL DAYS. 2. ADMIN ATROPINE SULFATE IV, OR IM IF IV INJECTION IS NOT POSSIBLE. ... IN MODERATELY SEVERE POISONING: ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YR: 0.4-2.0 MG REPEATED EVERY 15 MIN UNTIL ATROPINIZATION IS ACHIEVED. MAINTAIN ATROPINIZATION WITH REPEATED DOSAGE OF 0.02-0.05 MG/KG BODY WEIGHT. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/|2. SEVERELY POISONED INDIVIDUALS MAY EXHIBIT REMARKABLE TOLERANCE TO ATROPINE; TWO OR MORE TIMES THE DOSAGES SUGGESTED ABOVE MAY BE NEEDED. THE DOSE OF ATROPINE MAY BE INCREASED AND THE DOSING INTERVAL DECREASED AS NEEDED TO CONTROL SYMPTOMS. CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF ATROPINE MAY BE NECESSARY WHEN ATROPINE REQUIREMENTS ARE MASSIVE. REVERSAL OF MUSCARINIC SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS, NOT AN ARBITRARY DOSE LIMIT, IS THE DESIRED END-POINT. PRESERVATIVE-FREE ATROPINE PRODUCTS SHOULD BE USED WHENEVER POSSIBLE. NOTE: PERSONS NOT POISONED OR ONLY SLIGHTLY POISONED BY ORGANOPHOSPHATES MAY DEVELOP SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY FROM SUCH LARGE DOSES. FEVER, MUSCLE FIBRILLATIONS, AND DELIRIUM ARE THE MAIN SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY. IF THESE APPEAR WHILE THE PATIENT IS FULLY ATROPINIZED, ATROPINE ADMINISTRATION SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED, AT LEAST TEMPORARILY, WHILE THE SEVERITY OF POISONING IS REEVALUATED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/|3. DRAW BLOOD SAMPLE (HEPARINIZED) FOR CHOLINESTERASE ANALYSIS BEFORE ADMINISTRATION OF PRALIDOXIME, WHICH TENDS TO REVERSE THE CHOLINESTERASE DEPRESSION. 4. ADMIN PRALIDOXIME (PROTOPAM, 2-PAM) IN CASES OF SEVERE POISONING...IN WHICH RESP DEPRESSION, MUSCLE WEAKNESS & TWITCHINGS ARE SEVERE. ... ADULT DOSAGE AND CHILDREN OVER 12): GIVE 1.0-2.0 G IV @ NO MORE THAN 0.2 G/MIN. CHILD'S DOSE (UNDER 12 YR): GIVE 20-50 MG/KG (DEPENDING ON SEVERITY) IV, INJECTING NO MORE THAN HALF TOTAL DOSE/MIN. DOSAGE...MAY BE REPEATED IN 1-2 HR, THEN @ 10-12 HR INTERVAL IF NEEDED. IN VERY SEVERE POISONINGS, DOSAGE...MAY BE DOUBLED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for DICHLOFENTHION (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

.../SINCE TOXICITY IS INDIRECT RESULT OF CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION,/ A POISONED TISSUE IS UNABLE TO PREVENT LOCAL ACCUMULATION OF ACETYLCHOLINE, WHICH ACTS AS EXCITATORY SUBSTANCE IN LOW CONCN & PARALYTIC SUBSTANCE IN HIGH CONCN. /PARATHION/|...IN 5 CASES OF ATTEMPTED SUICIDE BY INGESTION OF DICHLOFENTHION, SEVERE CHOLINERGIC CRISES DID NOT APPEAR UNTIL 40 TO 48 HR BUT THEY PERSISTED FOR 5 TO 48 DAYS IN THE 3 SURVIVORS... THIS EXTREMELY LONG COURSE WAS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENT RESIDUES OF THIS INSECTICIDE IN BLOOD & FAT OF PATIENTS.|Two men, aged 76 and 79 yr, died; two other men, aged 25 and 62 yr, and a 52 yr old woman survived. The interval from ingestion to hospitalization varied from 2 hr or less to 24 hr in four cases and was unclear in the fifth case. In four instances, typical cholinergic signs were present when the patient entered hospital. The 25 yr old man was cold and sweating and exhibited fecal and urinary incontinence; miosis was evident, and rhonchi were audible in both lungs . The other three were somewhat less severely affected when first seen. All were conscious, although the 76 yr old man, who had ingested chlordiazepoxide and diazepam as well as dichlofenthion, was disoriented and the 52 yr old woman, who had ingested a bottle of whiskey as well as dichlofenthion, was combative. The 62 yr old man showed no abnormal sign on admission, and he showed no clear anticholinesterase signs for 29 hr after ingestion. However, all of the patients showed one or more marked, delayed exacerbations.|In four cases, the patient became distinctly worse 19-57 hr after ingestion. Two of them died during the third day of illness. The others had recurring crises, each of which responded to treatment. The fifth patient apparently became worse more gradually, but for many days she had a recurrence of cramps and difficulty secondary to profuse bronchial secretions whenever her atropine therapy was reduced; it finally was tapered off and discontinued 45 days after ingestion. The surviving patients received total doses of only 84, 659.6, and 33 mg of atropine sulfate and only 2, 1, and 5 gm of pralidoxime chloride. ... Poisoning by dichlofenthion was characterized by relatively mild but prolonged illness in those who survived.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DICHLOFENTHION (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

dichlofenthion

'MOBILAWN': EC (250 & 750 G AI/L); GRANULES (100 G/KG).|V-C 13 NEMACIDE: 80% AI AND 20% EMULSIFIER.|EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE|TECHNICAL PRODUCT IS OF 95-97% PURITY.|Mixed formulations: (dichlofenthion +) thiram

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Dichlofenthion (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.|.../IT/ WAS FIRST REPORTED AS NEMATICIDE BY MANZELLI, MA, PL DIS REPTR, 1955, 39, 400. IT WAS INTRODUCED, IN 1956, BY VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL CORPORATION UNDER CODE NAME 'V-C 13 NEMACIDE', & PROTECTION OF US PATENT 2,761,806. ... DICHLOROFENTHION IS NON-SYSTEMIC NEMATICIDE & SOIL INSECTICIDE RECOMMENDED FOR SOIL USE @ 16.8-280 KG AI/ACRE... RATES AGAINST SOIL INSECTS ARE AT THE LOW, & AGAINST NEMATODES @ HIGH ENDS OF THIS RANGE.|CONTROLS NON-CYST FORMING NEMATODES ON ORNAMENTALS & TURF WITHOUT DAMAGE TO PLANTS. ESTABLISHED SHRUBS SUCH AS BOXWOOD, JAPANESE HOLLY, ETC, CAN BE TREATED TO CONTROL NEMATODES WITHOUT PHYTOTOXICITY. INSECTICIDE USES INCLUDE CONTROL OF LAWN CINCH BUGS ON ST AUGUSTINE GRASS. USED FOR NEMATODE CONTROL ON AFRICAN VIOLETS.|Miscible with other emulsifiable concentrates

GAS-LIQ CHROMATOGRAPHY.|RESIDUES /MAY BE DETERMINED/ BY ENZYMATIC METHOD. RESIDUES ON CROPS. ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS TO PRODUCE 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL, MEASURE COLORIMETRICALLY WITH 4-AMINO-ANTIPYRINE AND POTASSIUM FERRICYANIDE.|A GLC ELECTRON-CAPTURE METHOD WAS DEVELOPED TO MEASURE NANOGRAM AMOUNTS OF NEMACIDE & 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL. LIMITS OF DETECTABILITY WERE 0.005 TO 0.086 PPM FOR NEMACIDE & 0.006 TO 0.208 PPM FOR 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL.|FDA Method 231.1. Organophosphorus Residues General Methods for Fatty Foods Including Extraction of Fat, Acetonitrile Partition, and Florisil Column Cleanup.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for DICHLOFENTHION (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agrochemicals -> Insecticides|INSECTICIDES