Ethyl lactate

118.13

118.13

202-598-0

8850

1192

DTXSID6029127

Colorless liquid

2918110000

46.5

0.2

Ethyl lactate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a mild odor. Flash point 115°F. Denser than water and soluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

1.0385 g/cm³

-25.0 °C

154 °C

46°C

1.4124

1000 mg/mL at 20 °C

Stable at normal temperature and pressure. Ethyl lactate is a flammable liquid and vapor. Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated location away from any fire hazard area, in a tightly closed container.

3.75 mm Hg at 25 deg C

4.07 (Air = 1)

Oral-Rat  LD50: 5000 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50:2500 mg/kg

In case of fire, high temperature, oxidant is more flammable; burning produces irritating smoke

D14 -10°

Slight explosion hazard in the form of vapor when exposed to flame.

Buttery odor

Sweet, fruity, creamy and pineapple like taste

3.90e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant = 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

FAINT ODOR RESEMBLING THAT OF ETHYL BUTYRATE /TECHNICAL PRODUCT/|BP: 69-70 °C at 36 mm Hg; density: 1.0314 at 20 °C; solubility: very soluble in water, ether, ethanol; index of refraction: 1.4156 at 20 °C/D; specific optical rotation: -11.33 deg at 19 °C/D; MASS: 449 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) /L-(-)-Ethyl lactate/|BP: 58 mm Hg at 20 °C; density: 1.0324 g/cu cm at 20 °C; solubility: miscible with water, very soluble in ethanol, ether; index of refraction: 1.4125 at 20 °C/D; specific optical rotation: 14.52 deg at 19 °C/D; MASS: 449 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York) /D-Ethyl lactate/|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.9X10-12 cu-cm/molc sec at 23 °C

Flammable. Soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

ETHYL LACTATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.

752 °F (USCG, 1999)|752 °F (400 °C)

-11,600 Btu/lb = -6,500 cal/g = -270X10+5 J/kg

Lower flammable limit: 1.5% @ 212 °F (100 °C) by volume

49.4 kJ/mol at 25 °C; 46.4 kJ/mol at 154.5 °C

III

3.2

1192

1

10-37-41

24-26-39

OD5075000

Xi

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidant

Explosive when mixed with air

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501

H226

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Ethyl lactate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.|Ethyl lactate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.|The following diluents may be safely used in color additive mixtures that are exempt from certification and which are to be used for coloring drugs, subject to the condition that each straight color in the mixture has been exempted from certification or, if not so exempted, is from a batch that has previously been certified and has not changed in composition since certification. ... Ethyl lactate: special use, inks for branding pharmaceutical forms.

UN 1192

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable - 2nd degree

|Danger|H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2712 companies from 37 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|Warning|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Goggles or face shield; rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)|Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).|Handle with gloves.|Complete suit protecting against chemicals. Falame retardant antistatic protective clothign. The type of protective eqipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standars such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Moderate fire risk.

Slight explosion hazard in the form of vapor when exposed to flame.

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adquate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vopors can accumulate in low areas.|Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.|Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushign and place in container for disposal according to local regulation...

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.|Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of the workday.|Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Storage clas (TRGS 510): flammable liquids.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.|/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 129 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ETHYL LACTATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. Ethyl lactate is included on the dangerous goods list.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article. Ethyl lactate is included on the dangerous goods list.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Ethyl lactate is listed as an ingredient found in a contact cleaner and a pet shampoo(1).

moderately toxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ethyl lactate is a colorless liquid with a buttery or fruity odor and a sweet, fruity taste. It is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, many cellulose ethers, resins. It is also the active ingredient in many antiacne preparations; and used in the preparation of lacquers, paints, enamels, varnishes, stencil sheets, safety glass, flavoring, and cosmetic formulations (0.2%). HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Etyl lactate was not a skin irritant or skin sensitizer in humans, when tested at 8% in petroleum. In a separate human study, ethyl lactate applied to the skin significantly reduced skin pH, the number of bacteria recoverable from skin, and the hydrolysis of sebum to free fatty-acid by bacterial lipases. ANIMAL STUDIES: Ethyl lactate is irritating to the rabbit eye and guinea pig skin (intradermal injections). It is a central nervous system depressant and lethal to animals in high concentrations, causing respiratory paralysis. One out of 8 rats died when fed a diet containing 5% ethyl lactate. No evidence of teratogenicity or maternal toxicity was observed in the testing of other lactate esters. Ethyl lactate was applied percutaneously on the back of groups of pregnant rats on days 6 to 15 of gestation. Applied doses were 0, 517, 1551, or 3619 mg/kg bw. Slight erythema and desquamation was observed in treated animals at the application site. No other clinical signs or necropsy observations were noted. No effects were observed on the development. Ethyl lactate was negative for mutagenicity in the Ames test using strains TA 98, 100, 1535, 1537, and 1538.

LD50 Rabbits dermal >5000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 2000 mg/kg|LC50 Rat Inhalation >5400 mg/cu m 4 hr|LD50 Mouse sc 2500 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for ETHYL LACTATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Ethyl lactate is found in apples, apricots, grapes, pineapples, raspberries, plums, blackberries, cabbage, citrus fruits and peas(1,2).

Ethyl lactate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, many cellulose ethers, and resins; in lacquers, paints, enamels, varnishes, stencil sheets, safety glass and flavoring(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl lactate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl lactate from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.75 mm Hg(3), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(4). Ethyl lactate is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Ethyl lactate exhibited 22% and 75% theoretical BOD in 5 and 28 days, respectively, using a Closed Bottle screening test(5), suggesting biodegradation may be an important fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl lactate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.75 mm Hg(4), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(5). Hydrolysis is expected in water based on estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 72 and 7 days at pH 7 and 8, respectively(2). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.18(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Ethyl lactate exhibited 22% and 75% theoretical BOD in 5 and 28 days, respectively, using a Closed Bottle screening test(7), suggesting biodegradation may be an important fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl lactate, which has a vapor pressure of 3.75 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl lactate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.1 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 23 °C(3). Ethyl lactate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl lactate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 23 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.1 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(2). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 1.1 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 72 and 7.2 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Ethyl lactate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for ethyl lactate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.18(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of ethyl lactate can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl lactate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl lactate is estimated as 5.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 3.75 mm Hg(1), and an assigned value for water solubility of 1X10+6 mg/L (miscible)(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl lactate is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from moist soil and water surfaces(3). The potential for volatilization of ethyl lactate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: Ethyl lactate was detected not quantified in drinking water from Ottumwa, Iowa sampled on September 10, 1976(1).

Ethyl lactate was identified as a volatile component in soy sauce and Sukiyaki(1). Ethyl lactate was identified as a flavor component of Pine Sprout Tea(2). Ethyl lactate was identified as a volatile component of three commercial fermented soybean curds at concentrations of 9744.4, 5084.5 and 2755.7 ug/kg(3). Ethyl lactate is reported in apple, apricot, grape, pineapple, raspberry, plum, blackberry, cabbage, beer, cognac, rum, whiskey, sherry, grape wines, fruit brandies, vinegar, rye and wheat bread, butter, and soy sauce(4). Ethyl lactate is also reported in citrus fruits, peas, sauerkraut, bread preferment, cider, cocoa and Bantu beer(5). Ethyl lactate concentrations increased steadily with fermentation age in Gueuze beer(6). Ethyl lactate was produced in wines made from Early Richmond cherries fermented with six yeast varieties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(7). Ethyl lactate was detected in the fruit juice of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims G. Glavicarpa degner)(8).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 4 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of ethyl lactate in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 1000-9999 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 7298 workers (1962 of these are female) were potentially exposed to ethyl lactate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to ethyl lactate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl lactate is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to ethyl lactate via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing ethyl lactate(SRC).

/Used/ as a therapeutic treatment for acne; & as a potential solvent for pharmaceutical agents.

In an experiment to determine biochemical effects in skin tissue, ethyl [(14)C] lactate was applied to the dorsal skin of female rats. Analysis of autoradiographic images indicated that (14)C had accumulated in sebaceous glands & hair follicles.

Whole bovine olfactory & respiratory mucous membranes did not hydrolyze acetylcholine in vitro, but mitochondrial fractions of both tissues had weak esterase activity with this substrate. The tissues or mitochondrial fractions rapidly attacked a series of other esters, such as ethyl lactate. The esterase activity of olfactory mucous membrane was 10-fold greater than that of the respiratory one against most of the esters, but was only 2-fold greater against ethyl butyrate. The 2 tissues had only weak ATPase activity. The esterase & ATPase systems may play a role in the biochemical mechanism of olfaction.|Ethyl lactate was shown to be hydrolyzed to ethanol & lactic acid in serum & when applied to human skin.

Inhalation of concentrated vapor may cause drowsiness. Contact with liquid causes mild irritation of eyes and (on prolonged contact) skin. Ingestion may cause narcosis. (USCG, 1999)

INHALATION: remove victim to fresh air. EYES and SKIN: flush well with water. INGESTION: induce vomiting; get medical attention. (USCG, 1999)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Esters and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Esters and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Esters and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Irritation: Tested at 8% in petrolatum, ethyl lactate produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects. Sensitization: A maximization test was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was tested at a concn of 8% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Ethyl lactate applied to human skin significantly reduced skin pH, the number of bacteria recoverable from skin, & the hydrolysis of sebum to free fatty acid by bacterial lipases.|/CASE REPORTS/ Allergic contact dermatitis has been documented in a single individual using an antiacne soap containing 10% ethyl lactate as the active ingredient. Due to the absence of reports of human poisoning or intoxication, ethyl lactate appears to be relatively safe at usual exposure levels.

ethyl lactate

Grades: Technical (96%).

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester: ACTIVE|Concn in final product (%): Soap: usual 0.01, max 0.2; Detergent: usual 0.001, max 0.02; Creams, lotions: usual 0.005, max 0.07; Perfume: usual 0.1, max 0.8.

Method: OSHA PV2081; Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection; Analyte: ethyl lactate; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.33 mg/cu m.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Solvents|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green half-circle - The chemical is expected to be of low concern|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree|Cosmetics -> Solvent

Flavoring Agents