α-Methylstyrene

118.18

118.18

969405

202-705-0

D46R9753IK

0732

9400

2303

DTXSID9025661

Colorless liquid ...

2902909090

0

3.38

Clear colorless Liquid

0.9106 g/cm³

-23.2 °C

165.4 °C

114 °F

1.510

H2O: insoluble

2-8°C

2.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

4.1 (vs air)

Oral-rat LD50: 4900 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 4500 mg/kg

Flammable; spicy and irritating smoke is released in the fire;

0.9-6.6%(V)

... Characteristic odor.

5.20e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

Ionization potential: 8.35 electron volts (eV)|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 25 °C

Flammable. Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick, 1979 p.151-154, 164]. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Highly Flammable

ISOPROPENYLBENZENE is easily peroxidizable; the peroxide may initiate exothermic polymerization of the bulk material. Reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents [Handling Chemicals Safely, 1980 p. 866; Bretherick, 1979 p. 160].

1066 °F (USCG, 1999)|1066 °F (574 °C)|574 °C

4863.73 kJ/mol at 25 °C (gas at constant pressure)

8.35 eV

1.9% (lower flammable limit) ; 6.1% (upper flammable limit)|Class II Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 100°F and below 140°F.

404.55 J/g at 25 °C; 326.35 J/g at boiling point

Critical temperature: 384 °C; Critical pressure: 4.36 MPa

III

3

UN 2303 3/PG 3

2

10-36/37-51/53

61

WL5075300

Xi,N

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from oxidant

Its vapor and air can be explosive

P273-P305 + P351 + P338-P370 + P378-P391-P403 + P235-P501

H226-H319-H335-H411

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Oxidizers, peroxides, halogens, catalysts for vinyl or ionic polymers; aluminum, iron chloride, copper [Note: Usually contains an inhibitor such as tert-butyl catechol].

USEPA; Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Methyl Styrenes (1987) ECAO-CIN-G006|O'Donoghue JL; p.127-37 in Neurotoxicity of Industrial and Commercial Chemicals; O'Donoghue JL, ed (1985). The toxic effects of toluene and styrene in humans and in experimental animals were reviewed.

UN 2303

P273; P305 + P351 + P338; P370 + P378; P391; P403 + P235; P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substance may be transported hot. For hybrid vehicles, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to ERG Guide 169. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable. Above 54 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 2nd degree

|Warning|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 3 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 3609 companies from 40 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P281, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P337+P313, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P331, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P312, P314, P321, P331, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. CAUTION: For mixtures containing alcohol or polar solvent, alcohol-resistant foam may be more effective. SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not use straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2016)|Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 500 ppm. Respirator Class(es): Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s). May require eye protection. Any supplied-air respirator. May require eye protection.|Recommendations for respirator selection. Max concn for use: 700 ppm. Respirator Class(es): Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode. May require eye protection. Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s). Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s). May require eye protection. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for ALPHA-METHYL STYRENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Moderate fire risk.|Readily ignites on slight heating.|Flammable

In air, 1.9% (lower); 6.1% (upper)|In air, 0.7% (lower); 3.4% (upper)|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 0.9-6.6

For spills & leakage absorb on paper. Evaporate on a glass or iron dish in hood. Burn the paper.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Avoid inhalation & skin contact.|Wear appropriate clothing to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact. Wear eye protection to prevent any ... eye contact. Employees should wash promptly when skin is wet or contaminated. Remove nonimpervious clothing promptly if wet or contaminated.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ALPHA-METHYL STYRENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substances may be transported hot. /Isopropenylbenzene/|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Isopropenylbenzene/|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Isopropenylbenzene/|/GUIDE 128: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (NON-POLAR/WATER-IMMISCIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Isopropenylbenzene/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for ALPHA-METHYL STYRENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Generally, alpha-methyl styrene is an irritant to the eyes, skin, & upper respiratory tract.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 Ceiling value: 100 ppm (480 mg/cu m).

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 50 ppm (240 mg/cu m).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 100 ppm (485 mg/cu m).

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable non-metallic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Store only if stabilized. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Fireproof. Well closed. Separated from strong oxidants.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Lachrymation.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 54 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. alpha-Methylstyrene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of alpha-methyl styrene stem from its toxicologic properties and flammability. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact), exposure to this sweet-smelling, colorless liquid may occur from its use in the manufacture of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins, adhesives, waxes, and polyester resins. Effects from exposure may include irritation of the eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract, dermatitis, and central nervous system depression. OSHA has established a 100 ppm Ceiling limit for workplace exposure until the final rule (establishing a 50 ppm time weighted average (TWA) limit) becomes effective on December 31, 1992. Engineering controls should be used to maintain airborne levels of alpha-methyl styrene to at or below the permissible limit. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear chemical protective clothing and a self-contained breathing apparatus. If contact should occur, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes, and wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water. Contaminatedclothing should be removed and left at the worksite for cleaning. Alpha-methyl styrene is easily ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. Its heavier-than-air vapor may travel considerable distances to a source of ignition and flash back, or form explosive concentrations in enclosed spaces such as sewers. Also, containers of alpha-methyl styrene may explode in the heat of a fire. For fires involving alpha-methyl styrene, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, water spray or standard foam. Consider evacuation of one half mile radius, especially if a tank car or truck is involved. Alpha-methyl styrene should be stored away from heat, oxidizers, peroxides, halogens, catalysts for vinyl or ionic polymers, aluminum, and iron chloride. For small spills of alpha-methyl styrene, take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and place into containers for later disposal. Dike far ahead of large spills to prevent runoff. Before implementing land disposal of alpha-methyl styrene waste, consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

Alpha-methylstyrene was detected in the sediments at 1 of 7 sample sites taken near "The Valley of Drums", KY at concn ranging from 10 to 1000 ug/kg(1). A sediment sample dredged from the Calcasieu River, LA in Nov 1979 was found to contain alpha-methylstyrene; no concn was reported(2).

From 1970 to 1987, the national average daily ambient air concn of alpha-methylstyrene for 176 points representing remote, rural, suburban and urban sites was 0.050 ppbV(1). Alpha-methylstyrene was detected in the atmospheres of 6 industrialized cities of the USSR ranging in size of population from 0.4 to 4.5 million people(2-4).|INDOOR AIR: alpha-Methylstyrene was detected, not quantified, in the indoor air of 8 of 26 houses located in Finland at relatively low concentrations(1).

The headspace concn of alpha-methylstyrene from copier toner cartridges ranged from 22-33 ng/ml in the air taken from emission test chambers(1). The emission rate of alpha-methylstyrene from dry-process photocopiers ranged from <10-24 ug/hr per copier while idle and <50-330 ug/hr per copier during operation(2).

moderately

LD50 Rat oral 4900 mg/kg

Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions which might place the employee at increased risk from alpha-methyl styrene exposure. Skin disease: alpha-Methyl styrene can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure. Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. Chronic respiratory disease: In persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of alpha-methyl styrene might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties or psychic reflex bronchospasm. Kidney disease: Although alpha-methyl styrene is not known as a kidney toxin in humans, the importance of this organ in the elimination of toxic substances justifies special consideration in those with possible impairment of renal function. Liver disease: Although alpha-methyl styrene is not known as a liver toxin in humans, the importance of this organ in the biotransformation and detoxification of foreign substances should be considered before exposing persons with impaired liver function.

alpha-Methylstyrene's production and use as a monomer in the production of polymers and as a reactive diluent(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). In automotive products, alpha-methylstyrene is added to acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene in order to create less heavy, more fuel efficient cars(2). alpha-Methylstyrene is also used in modified polyester and alkyd resins(2). As a copolymer with methylmethacrylate, alpha-methylstyrene is resistent to distortion at high temperatures and is used in food applications(2). Polymers of alpha-methylstyrene possess low molecular weights and are viscous liquids that are employed as plasticizers in plastics, paints, waxes and adhesives(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,900(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.48(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that alpha-methylstyrene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of alpha-methylstyrene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 116 mg/l(5). The potential for volatilization of alpha-methylstyrene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). alpha-Methylstyrene, present at 100 mg/l, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test(6). Therefore this compound is not expected to biodegrade in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,900(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.48(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that alpha-methylstyrene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6x10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 116 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hrs and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF of 30 for goldfish(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). alpha-Methylstyrene, present at 100 mg/l, reached 0% of its theoretical BOD in 2 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/l and the Japanese MITI test(6). Therefore this compound is not expected to biodegrade in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), alpha-methylstyrene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.9 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase alpha-methylstyrene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone(SRC); the half-life for these reactions in air are estimated to be 7 and 2 hrs, respectively(SRC), calculated from rate constants of 5.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) and 1.4X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec(4), respectively.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of alpha-methylstyrene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 hrs at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of alpha-methylstyrene with ozone has been estimated as 1.4X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) derived using a structure estimation method(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hrs at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). alpha-Methylstyrene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(4). In cyclohexane, alpha-methylstyrene weakly absorbs UV light in the environmentally significant range (wavelengths >290 nm)(5). Hence, the potential for direct photolysis of alpha-methylstyrene in the environment exists(SRC).

63.10|A BCF of 30 in goldfish was measured for alpha-methylstyrene(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of alpha-methylstyrene is estimated as 1,900(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.48(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that alpha-methylstyrene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for alpha-methylstyrene is estimated as 2.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.9 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 116 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that alpha-methylstyrene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 hrs(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). alpha- Methylstyrene's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of alpha-methylstyrene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.9 mm Hg(1).

DRINKING WATER: Alpha-methylstyrene was identified in 2 of 14 treated water supplies in England(2). Alpha-methylstyrene was detected in the analysis of volatiles in Delaware River water, which is used as a drinking water supply for Philadelphia, PA; however, it was not detected in 11 samples that were solvent extracted(1). Alpha-methylstyrene was detected in a groundwater aquifer which serves as the drinking water supply for Milan, Italy, at a depth of 30 m beneath a paint factory where organics were stored in leaking tanks(3).|GROUND WATER: alpha-Methylstyrene was identified at 2 of 7 groundwater sample-sites taken near "The Valley of Drums", KY at concentrations of 0.48 and 9 ug/l(1).

An unidentified isomer of alpha-methylstyrene was detected in 2 of 12 samples of human breast milk taken from women in 4 USA cities(1).

WASHINGS FROM THE HANDS OF WORKERS IN SYNTHETIC RUBBER PRODN CONTAINED 0.024 TO 4.05 MG OF ALPHA-METHYLSTYRENE. THE SKIN ROUTE IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN INHALATION IN CONDITIONS WHERE HANDS ARE GREATLY EXPOSED.|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,214 workers are potentially exposed to alpha-methylstyrene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to alpha-methylstyrene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where alpha-methylstyrene is produced or used(SRC). Workers at a polystyrene production plant were exposed to alpha-methylstyrene in the atmosphere at time weighted average concn 8, 15, 23, 98, and 116 ppb for 13, 1, 6, 11, and 9 samples at 5 separate locations with maximum concns of 56, 40, 52, 360, and 583 ppb respectively(2). The atmospheric concn of alpha-methylstyrene ranged from 0 to 5 ug/cu m for the extrusion area of an electrical insulation manufacturing plant(3). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to alpha-methylstyrene via inhalation of indoor air containing alpha-methylstyrene(SRC).

An unidentified isomer of alpha-methylstyrene was detected in 2 of 12 samples of human breast milk taken from women in 4 USA cities(1).

ALPHA-METHYLSTYRENE AT 0.1 ML ON A WATCH GLASS WAS PUT IN CONTACT WITH HUMAN SKIN & AFTER 10 MIN THE REMAINING AMOUNT WAS DISSOLVED WITH ETHYL ALC & DETERMINED BY SPECTROPHOTOMETER. THE ABSORPTION RATE OF PURE ALPHA-METHYLSTYRENE WAS 19.5 MG/SQ CM, & AQ SOLN VARIED FROM 0.048-0.256 MG/SQ CM DEPENDING ON THE TEMP & CONCN. THE EXCRETION KINETICS OF ALPHA-METHYLSTYRENE METABOLITES IS A FIRST-ORDER PROCESS.

0.19 Days

Contaminated by (max concn) cumene (0.15%), n-propylbenzene (0.20%), sec-butylbenzene (0.40%), tert-butylbenzene (0.40%), trans-2-phenylbutane-2 (0.05%), 2-phenylbutene-1 (0.01%), dimers (0.01%), polymers(0.01%), phenol (0.005%), and p-tert-butylcatechol (as stabilizer; 0.005%).|beta-Methylstyrene is an impurity contained in alpha-methylstyrene at a concn of about 0.5% by weight(1).

Inhalation causes irritation of respiratory tract, headache, dizziness, light-headedness, and breathlessness. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with liquid irritates eyes. Prolonged skin contact can cause severe rashes, swelling, and blistering. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|If alpha-methyl styrene gets into the eyes, wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water, lifting the lower and upper lids occasionally. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.|If alpha-methyl styrene gets in the skin, promptly flush the contaminated skin with water. If alpha-methyl styrene soaks through the clothing, remove the clothing immediately and flush the skin with water when there is skin irritation, get medical attention.|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for ALPHA-METHYL STYRENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Prolonged skin contact may cause dermatitis, & repeated inhalation may result in CNS depression.|... FOUR HUMAN SUBJECTS EXPOSED TO A CONCENTRATION OF 200 PPM OF ALPHA-METHYL STYRENE REPORTED ... UNPLEASANT ODOR & SLIGHT EYE IRRITATION AFTER ... 2 MINUTES /OF EXPOSURE/.|Overall, alpha-methyl styrene appears to be somewhat less toxic than styrene & vinyltoluene.|Overexposure to alpha-methyl styrene causes slight irritation of the eyes, upper respiratory tract, and skin. With prolonged and repeated contact, there may be depression of the central nervous system.

2-phenylpropene

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; drowsiness; dermatitis

Cough. Dizziness. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Watering of the eyes.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

62.5% AS A MONOMER FOR POLY(ALPHA-METHYL STYRENE); 37.5% FOR STYRENATED OILS FOR SURFACE COATINGS (1971)|ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE RESINS, 34%; COATINGS, INCLUDING ADHESIVES, 14%; POLYESTER RESINS, 4%; MISCELLANEOUS, 8%; EXPORTS, 40% (1984)|/END USE PATTERN MERCHANT MARKET ONLY/ ACRYLONITRILE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE RESINS, 70%; HYDROCARBON RESINS, 15%; UNSATURATED POLYESTER & ALKYD RESINS, 10%; MISCELLANEOUS, 5% (1983)|CHEMICAL PROFILE: alpha-Methylstyrene. Demand: 1985: 48 million lb; 1986: 49 million lb; 1990 /projected/: 54.5 million lb.|For more Consumption Patterns (Complete) data for ALPHA-METHYL STYRENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Typical chemical analysis of alpha-methylstyrene: purity, 99.3% by wt; aldehydes as CHO, 10 ppm; peroxides as hydrogen peroxide, 3 ppm; tert-butylcatechol, 15 ppm; alpha-methylstyrene, 0.5% by wt; isopropylbenzene, 0.2% by wt.|97.5% GRADE

Adhesive manufacturing|Benzene, (1-methylethenyl)-: ACTIVE|A polymerization inhibitor such as tert-butyl catechol is usually present in commercial quantities.|AMOCO IN TEXAS CITY, TX PRODUCES APPROXIMATELY 40 MILLION POUNDS/YR /FOR CAPTIVE USE/ FOR MANUFACTURE OF THE COMPANY'S PROPRIETARY POLYMER, RESIN 18. THIS CAPTIVE PRODUCTION IS NOT REPORTED TO THE USA INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION.

NIOSH Method 1501. Analyte: alpha-Methyl styrene. Matrix: Air. Procedure: Gas Chromatography, flame ionization detection. For alpha-methyl styrene this method has an estimated detection limit of 0.001 to 0.01 mg/sample. The precision/RSD is 0.011. Applicability: This method is for peak, ceiling and time-weighted average determination of aromatic hydrocarbons. The working range is 236-943 mg/cu m for a 30-liter air sample. Interferences: Alcohols, ketones, ethers, and halogenated hydrocarbons are possible interferences.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree