1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene

192

192.00

1818163

202-764-2

IJT74JI7FS

0254

99806|6295

2811|1578

DTXSID8024999

Needles from alcohol|SOLID

29049085

45.8

3.12

Yellow to brown Crystalline Mass

1.4558 g/cm³ @ Temp: 75 °C

43 °C

255-256 °C

255 °F

1.596

H2O: 151 mg/L (20 ºC)

Store below +30°C.

Vapour pressure, Pa at 25°C: 2

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 6.6

Oral-rat LD50: >500 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse 1384 mg/kg

Open flame is flammable; burning releases toxic nitrogen oxides and chloride fumes; works with oxidants

A violent explosion during the plant-scale catalytic hydrogenation of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene to the aniline (heat of hydrogenation is 523 kJ/mol, 2.72 kJ/g) was traced to thermal decomposition of one of the reaction intermediates, 3,4-dichlorophenylhydroxylamine.

8.07e-06 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 8.07X10-6 amt-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.0X10-14 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Insoluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

420 °C

Critical temperature: 758 K; Critical pressure: 3.6X10+6 Pa

III

9

2811

3

22-36-43-51/53

26-36/37-61-39-24/25

CZ5250000

Xn,N

Treasury is ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and food additives

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.

P280-P305 + P351 + P338

H302-H317-H319

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for nitrobenzene: Activated carbon and stripping. /Nitrobenzene/

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development; Screening Information Data Set for 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, CAS # 99-54-7 (2003). A compliation of the chemical properties, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene used for the initial assesment of the test compound. Includes an IUCLID dataset updated in 2004 as an appendix.|European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, 1,2-Dichloro-4-Nitrobenzene (CAS # 99-54-7) (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from the Database Query page at: http://ecb.jrc.it/esis/esis.php as of July 5, 2007. A report on the ecotoxicity, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of 1,2-dichlor-4-nitrobenzene.

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

|Warning|H302 (97.78%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 45 companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P301+P312, P314, P330, and P501|Danger|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P301+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P314, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Fires involving this compound can be controlled using a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)|Use powder, water spray, foam, carbon dioxide.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures and keep it away from all oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)|To protect workers several precautionary and protective measures are taken. These measures include technical equipment like suction devices at filling and sampling stations as well as appropriate personal protection equipment which is prescribed in detail for different work situations e.g. during sampling, maintenance, and repair work. For sampling, devices without dead volume are used, and the persons involved have to wear goggles and gloves. Depending on the work to be done during maintenance, gas filter masks or a respirator with independent air supply have to be used as well as full protective clothing.

Fire risk by spontaneous reaction.

A violent explosion during the plant-scale catalytic hydrogenation of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene to the aniline (heat of hydrogenation is 523 kJ/mol, 2.72 kJ/g) was traced to thermal decomposition of one of the reaction intermediates, 3,4-dichlorophenylhydroxylamine.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and food and feedstuffs. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

NO open flames. Prevent deposition of dust. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use ventilation (not if powder).

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

moderately toxic

Human Health: 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene is absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract and although there are some species differences in experimental animals from the available data it can be concluded that 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene is excreted mainly via urine in the form of the mercapturic acid derivative N-acetyl-S-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-Lcysteine. ... Based on the results of the acute dermal toxicity study with rats the LD50 is > 2000 mg/kg bw. From studies with rabbits no LD50 could be derived, the lowest Lethal Dose Level (LDLo) was 950 mg/kg bw. The acute oral toxicity in rats ranges from 625 to 950 mg/kg bw. 1,2-Dichloro-4- nitrobenzene causes the formation of methemoglobin. ... 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene gave no skin irritation effects when tested for 4 hours under semiocclusive conditions ... and showed slightly irritating effects, which disappeared within 72 hours under occlusive conditions ... 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene is slightly irritating to the eyes /but/ ... was not found to induce dermal sensitization ... . In addition, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene was not found to induce dermal sensitization in humans in a limited study. The main targets identified in animal studies after repeated oral administration as well as after inhalation exposure are the hematological system and in addition the kidneys after oral application and the liver after inhalation. From a 28- day oral study ... a NOAEL of 4 mg/kg bw/day was derived. The NOAEL following subchronic inhalation exposure study of limited validity (limited documentation) was 0.4 mg/cu m (4 hours per day). Changes in hematological parameters (e.g. methemoglobinaemia, Heinz bodies) are the main target in the only available report on exposure of workers. As these findings relate to mixed exposures they cannot be clearly attributed to 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, but would be plausible, because they were also observed in animal experiments. In the recent open literature reports of human poisoning could not be identified. 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene exhibits mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium but not in the HPRT test in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene induced chromosomal aberrations in V79 cells with metabolic activation only at the highest concentration, which was cytotoxic. In insects (Drosophila melanogaster) 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene revealed no mutagenic activity in the SLRL-test after application over 3 days with slight increased toxicity, but revealed mutagenic activity following a single ip injection of a clearly toxic dose. 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene showed no clastogenic activity in vivo in a chromosomal aberrations test with rats. Overall in non-toxic doses, there was no evidence for genotoxicity in vivo under the conditions tested. Studies dealing specifically with toxicity to reproduction were not identified. The subacute study with 1,2-dichloro-4- nitrobenzene yielded no damage of the reproductive organs in rats despite clear systemic toxicity up to the maximum tolerated dose of 100 mg/kg bw. 1,2-Dichloro-4-nitrobenzene commercial grade (85% 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene and 15% 1,2-dichloro-3- nitrobenzene) caused effects on development at maternally toxic doses probably due to methemoglobinemia in dams and fetuses. A significant dose-response trend for variations (dilated ureters) was seen in the fetuses of the >= 30 mg/kg bw/day-groups and significant reduced body weight gain of dams at dose levels of 30 mg/kg bw/day on gd 6-10 with an even stronger effect at 100 mg/kg bw/day. Thus, 10 mg/kg bw/day was determined as the NOAEL for maternal and developmental toxicity. Environment: ... Concerning the acute toxicity of 1.2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene towards aquatic species reliable experimental results of tests with fish, Daphnia, and algae are available. The acute toxicity determined for fish (Leuciscus idus) was of 3.1 mg/L (48 hr LC50) ... and Daphnia (Daphnia magna) of 3 mg/L (24 hr-EC50) ... . In the growth inhibition test with algae (Scenedesmus obliquus) the value 5.8 mg/L was achieved after 48 hr (48 hr-ErC50)... . For the algae Chlorella fusca a value of 0.32 mg/L was found after 24 hr (24 hr-ErC50). In a chronic (21 d) study with Daphnia magna a NOEC of 0.025 mg/L was determined for the most sensitive endpoint reproduction rate. An ErC10 > 0.1 mg/L was reported for the algae Scenedesmus subspicatus after 48 hours. For terrestrial organisms the lowest measured 6d-EC50 was 27 mg/L for the plant Phaseolus aureus. Applying an assessment factor of 50 to the lowest available chronic value of 25 ug/L (21d reproduction in D. magna), a PNECaqua of 0.5 ug/lL is obtained.

Kinetic studies of glutathione transferase activites in which nafenopin was mixed with normal rat liver cytosols in the assay system revealed competitive type inhibition toward 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene.

LD50 Rat Wistar male oral 625 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat Wistar female dermal >2000 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat Sprague-Dawley oral 800 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat ip 400 mg/kg bw

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In a reproduction (21 d) study with Daphnia magna performed in a semistatic system in closed vessels /the authors/ found a NOEC of 0.025 mg/L for the most sensitive endpoint reproduction rate. The stability of the test substance concentration was confirmed by analytical monitoring.

IN VITRO CYTOGENETICS NEGATIVE (CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS) POSITIVE (SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES); DROSOPHILA POSITIVE (SEX-LINKED RECESSIVE LETHAL) NEGATIVE (RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATION); SALMONELLA POSITIVE /from table/

3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene's production and use as an agricultural and dye intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values of 390 to 393(2,3), indicate that 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 8.07X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). 3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.03X10-2 mm Hg(5). Lack of biodegradation of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene incubated in an aquifer slurry over an unspecified time frame(6) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). However, under anaerobic conditions using a river sediment, a half-life of 2.4 days has been reported(7).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), measured Koc values of 390 to 393 in silt loams(2,3), indicate that 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.07X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 days and 51 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF values ranging from 104 to 130(7,8) suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Lack of biodegradation of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene incubated in an aquifer slurry over an unspecified time frame(9) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). However, under anaerobic conditions using a river sediment, a half-life of 2.4 days has been reported(10).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene, which has a /an estimated vapor pressure of 1.03X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 321 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.0X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.0X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 321 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). 3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

51.29|Experimental BCF values of 104-130 (mean BCF of 120) following exposure of 5 to 36 days to 720 ng/L test compound(2) were obtained from freshwater rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri(1,2). According to a classification scheme(3), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

338.84 L/kg|An experimentally determined mean Koc value of 393 for 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene was reported using 4 silt loam soils(1). A log Koc value of 2.62 was reported following adsorption studies using sediment from the Yangste River in China(2), corresponding to a Koc of 390(SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), these Koc values suggest that 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. Using a modified organo montmorillonite clay from Jiangning Jinagsu Province, China, a log Koc of 3.76 was determined(3), corresponding to a Koc of 5,754(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene is 8.07X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 6 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 51 days(SRC). 3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about four years when adsorption is considered(3). 3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.03X10-2 mm Hg(4).

SURFACE WATER: Water samples from the River Elbe collected near Hamburg, Germany in 1992/93 did not contain 3,4-dichloronitrobenene, detection limit = 10 ng/L(1).

Occupational exposure to 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene via ingestion of some seafood. (SRC)

In rats about 19 % (range 4 - 29 %) of the applied dose (approx. 350 mg/kg bw via gavage) was excreted as mercapturic acid via urine within 24 hrs. In a second trial the animals were dosed with approximately 250 or 350 mg/kg bw and the maximum rate for excretion of mercapturic acid via urine 2 - 6 days after dosing was given with approx 2 or 4 mg/kg bw/hr, resp.|In rabbits dosed orally with 400 mg/kg bw via gavage most of the applied dose was excreted via urine within 72 hrs as mercapturic acid derivative N-acetyl-S-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-L-cysteine (approx. 45 %) followed by conjugates of amino dichlorophenols (approx 13 % as glucuronide and approx. 12 % as sulfate ester)and 3,4-dichloroaniline (approx. 22 %).

YIELDS S-(2-CHLORO-4-NITROPHENYL)GLUTATHIONE IN RAT & RABBIT; YIELDS 3,4-DICHLOROANILINE IN RABBIT. /FROM TABLE/|FOLLOWING ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF 3,4-DICHLORONITROBENZENE TO PIGEONS, ANALYSIS OF EXCREMENT SHOWED THAT DCNB IS MAINLY METABOLIZED BY REDUCTION OF THE NITRO GROUP WITH VERY LITTLE FORMATION OF MERCAPTURIC ACID.|WHEN THE DRUG METABOLIZING POTENTIALS OF LUNG AND LIVER WERE COMPARED OF 4 TRANSFERASE, THE ACTIVITIES IN THE LUNG WERE GENERALLY LESS THAN THE ACTIVITIES IN THE LIVER. THE ACTIVITY OF GLUTATHIONE S-ARYLTRANSFERASE TOWARD 1,2-DICHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE IN THE LUNG WAS APPROXIMATELY 20% THAT IN THE LIVER.|Observed that rat liver contains an enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione and 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene with loss of the nitro group.|Female rats were dosed by oral intubation with 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene at 500 mg/kg. Six hr after dosing, liver glutathione had decreased to 56% of controls. Blood glutathione although increased by 18%, was not considered to be significantly changed. The effect on liver glutathione was related to formation of mercapturic acid during metabolism.

0.54 Days

1,2-dichloro-3-nitrobenzene (< 1 % w/w); water (ca. 0.1 % w/w)

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritation; headache; drowsiness; and unsteadiness. Chronic symptoms include liver damage. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound emits highly toxic fumes when heated to decomposition. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a study with 10 female subjects the single dermal application of a 10 % solution of 1,2-dichloro- 4-nitrobenzene in acetone followed by a challenge with a 10 or 0.01 - 1 % solution in acetone on day 28 and 49 caused no skin sensitization.|/BIOMONITORING/ 3,4-Dichloronitrobenzene, like other nitro and amino aromatics, is responsible for methemoglobin formation in humans. Levels of 10 mg/L of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene metabolites in human urine may be considered to be warning levels of overexposure.

1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

Cough.

Redness.

Benzene, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitro-: ACTIVE|TP - indicates a substance that is the subject of a proposed TSCA section 4 test rule.

GC-MS quantitative method to determine the concentration of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene in seawater samples.|Method: EPA-OSW 8091; Procedure: gas chromatography with either electron capture detection or nitrogen-phosphorus detection; Analyte: 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene; Matrix: water, soil, and waste matrices; Detection Limit: not provided.