2-Hexanone

100.161

100.16

209-731-1

6QDY60NH6N

0489

1224|1993

DTXSID0022068

Colorless liquid

29141900

17.1

1.38

Methyl butyl ketone appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 95°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.

0.8113 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-55.5 °C

127.6 °C

77°F

1.395

H2O: 2 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMPOSE INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS SHOULD BE STORED IN A COOL WELL VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF THE DIRECT RAYS OF THE SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD, AND SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED

Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 0.36

3.45

LD50 orally in rats: 2.59 g/kg (Smyth)

Class IC Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 73°F and below 100°F.

vol% in air: 1.2.0

Characteristic acetone like odor, but more pungent

9.10e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant = 9.32X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

1 ppm is equivalent to 4.10 mg/cu m; 1 mg/L is equivalent to 244 ppm at 25 °C, 760 mm Hg /vapor/|Saturated air concentration: 0.5%|Wt/vol, at 20 °C: 6.75 lb/gal (US); 0.81 kg/l; and 8.10 lb/gal (Imperial); Branched chain ketones, max wt%= 5|Distillation range: 124-130 °C; Status under Rule 66: NPCR (not photochemically reactive)|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for 2-HEXANONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.

Ketones

Highly Flammable

METHYL BUTYL KETONE is incompatible with oxidizing agents. It may also react with strong bases and reducing agents. (NTP, 1992)

795 °F (USCG, 1999)|795 °F (423 °C)|423 °C

-16,000 Btu/lb = -8,940 cal/g = -374X10+5 J/kg

9.34 eV

Lower flammable limit: 1.2% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 8% by volume|Class IC Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 73°F and below 100°F.

36.05 kJ/mol

II

3

UN 1224 3/PG 3

1

R10;R48/23;R62;R67

S36/37-S45-S16-S7

MP1400000

T:Toxic

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants.

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, strong bases, reducing agents.

P261-P281-P314

H226-H336-H361f-H372

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|2-Hexanone was shown to undergo rapid (less than eight weeks) anaerobic biodegradation utilizing an anaerobic digester sludge inoculum.|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2-hexanone: Activated carbon.|Spray into the furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent. Recommendable method: Incineration.

Strong oxidizers.|Reacts violently with oxidants and may form unstable peroxides; attacks plastics

DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for 2-Hexanone PB/93/110773/AS (1992)

This chemical is flammable. (NTP, 1992)|Flammable. Above 23 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Danger|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P314, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 313 companies from 12 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P314, P331, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 127 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 10 ppm: (Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 25 ppm: (Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 2-HEXANONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame ...

1.22-8.0%|Dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame ...|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.2-8.0

If material is on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Water may be ineffective. Alcohol foam.

Environmental considerations -- land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bangs, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.|Environmental considerations -- water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.|Environmental considerations -- air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Avoid bodily contact with the material.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 2-HEXANONE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Irritation of eyes and nose was observed in men exposed to 6500 and 20000 ppm for ... 1/4 to 1 min and even 1000 ppm was disagreeable and irritant.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 100 ppm (410 mg/cu m).|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 1 ppm (4 mg/cu m).

Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Separated from strong oxidants.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C , on spraying or dispersing much faster.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the nervous system. Exposure far above the OEL could cause unconsciousness.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The substance may have effects on the nervous system.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 23 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

2-Hexanone is also known as methyl n-butyl ketone, MBK, or propyl acetone. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a sharp odor. It dissolves very easily in water, and can evaporate easily into the air as a vapor. It was used in the past in paint and paint thinner, to make other chemical substances, and to dissolve oils and waxes. It is no longer made or used in the United States because it has harmful health effects. It is formed as a waste product resulting from industrial activities such as making wood pulp and producing gas from coal, and in oil shale operations.

2-Hexanone was found in process water from in-situ coal gasification in Gillette, WY (7 ppm), in the aqueous condensate from low-Btu gasification of rosebud coal in Morgantown, WV (202 ppm), and in retort water from in-situ oil shale processing at Rock Springs, WY (53 ppm)(1). Detected in the leachate of various municipal landfills at an average concn of 0.148 mg/L(2). Identified in leachate discharge into a ditch near an abandoned landfill in Tybouts Corner, DE, 380 ug/L(3). Detected, not quantified in one out of sixty-three effluent and twenty-two intake waters from a wide range of chemical manufacturing areas across the US(4). Detected in the effluent of 8 solid waste disposal facilities in the US with a maximum observed concn of 6,600 ug/L(5) and in the leachate of a waste disposal facility in Japan at a concn of 49.9 ug/L(6). 2-Hexanone was detected in the effluent of an incineration plant in Germany at a concn of 1.6 ug/cu m(7) and in the leachate of a sand and gravel pit near Utica, NY at a concn of 13 ug/L(8).

SOIL: 2-Hexanone was found in soil samples at an unauthorized hazardous waste disposal site in Lang township, NJ, at a maximum concn of 440 ug/kg (surface soil) and 46 ug/kg (subsurface soil)(1).|SEDIMENT: 2-Hexanone was detected in one out of three sediment samples in Red Lion creek near an abandoned landfill in Tybouts County, DE, in concns less than 850 ug/L(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 2-Hexanone was detected, not quantified in suburban samples (Tubingen) West Germany(1). 2-Hexanone was identified in 1 of 13 outdoor samples in Helsinki, Finland(2).|INDOOR AIR: 2-Hexanone was identified, not quantified in 46% of homes and buildings monitored in Finland(1). 2-Hexanone was found in 4 of 15 indoor samples in Helsinki, Finland(2).|RURAL/REMOTE: 2-Hexanone was detected, not quantified in air samples from the Southern Black Forest (Kalbelescheuer)(1,2). 2-Hexanone was detected, not quantified in air samples in Whitaker's Forest, California(3).

Enhancement of MnBK neurotoxicity by MEK (methyl ethyl ketone) was reported ... Exposure of 225 ppm MnBK, 1125 ppm MEK, and 225 ppm MnBK plus 1125 ppm MEK in rats /indicated/ that the addition of high levels of MEK to a neurotoxic dose of MnBK shortened the onset of paralysis from 66 to 25 days ...|Inhalation of MEK (methyl ethyl ketone)/MnBK shortened hexobarbital sleeping time and increased in vitro production of n-aminophenol, formaldehyde, n-aminobenzoate, and sulfanilamide by rat hepatocyte microsomes ... Phenobarbital, also a microsomal inducer, protects against MnBK neurotoxicity ... Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, an inhibitor of P450 2El, increased the exhaled MnBK concentration in rats not exposed to MnBK, presumably by decreasing the metabolism of endogeneous MnBK.|While MnBK itself does produce liver or kidney toxicity, exposure to MnBK is reported to enhance the activity of materials that are hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic. Prior exposure to an oral dose of MnBK followed by chloroform has been reported to enhance the toxicity, resulting in increased liver enzyme and urea nitrogen levels in the plasma, altered bile flow, and degenerative changes in hepatic and renal tissue. These effects are postulated to be due to alteration in P450 levels by MnBK. MnBK exposure may also alter the activity of other enzyme systems ... the inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase by MnbK results in slower elimination of ethanol from the blood and prolongation of ethanol-induced loss of the righting reflex.

LD50 Rat oral 2.59 g/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal 4800 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 2430 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 2590 mg/kg

2-Hexanone is known to occur in nature in only very low concentrations(1).

2-Hexanone's production and use as a solvent for a wide variety of materials including lacquers, resins, oils, nitrocellulose, acrylates, vinyl, and alkyd coatings(1,2) may result in its result in its release through various waste streams(SRC). 2-Hexanone has been identified as a disinfection by product of ozone treatment in drinking water(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 134(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.38(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-hexanone is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2-hexanone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 11.6 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 17,200 mg/L(5). Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is expected(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure of this compound(4). Theoretical 5-day BOD results of 59%(6) and 61.4%(7) degradation indicate that biodegradation may be an important fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 134(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.38(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2-hexanone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 11.6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 17,200 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 7 and 164 hours, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF 2(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Theoretical 5-day BOD results of 59%(8) and 61.4%(9) degradation indicate that biodegradation may be an important fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-hexanone, which has a vapor pressure of 11.6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-hexanone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 2 days(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-hexanone with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 9.01X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.4 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Hexanone is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 2-Hexanone does not contain chromospheres that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(2).

An estimated BCF of 2 was calculated for 2-hexanone(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.38(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 2-hexanone is estimated as 134(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.38(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-hexanone is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2-hexanone is estimated as 9.3X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 11.6 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 17,200 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-hexanone is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 7 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 7 days(SRC). 2-Hexanone's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 2-hexanone from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 11.6 mm Hg(1).

GROUNDWATER: 2-Hexanone was found in the Biscayne Aquifer groundwater in the vicinity of an inactive drum recycling facility in Dade County, FL, at a concn of 87 ug/L(1). Detected in two well water samples at an unauthorized hazardous waste disposal site in Lang township, NJ, maximum concn 14,000 ug/L, average concn 7,135 ug/L(2). 2-Hexanone was detected in three of eleven on site wells at an abandoned landfill in Tybouts Corner, DE, concn range 6.1-91.0 ug/L(3). 2-Hexanone was detected in the Biscayne Aquifer groundwater at concns of 150 and 110 ug/L(4). 2-Hexanone was detected, not quantified in the groundwater near waste disposal facilities in Michigan(5) and Quebec(6). 2-Hexanone was not detected in 78 shallow groundwater wells in southern New Jersey(7). For samples collected from 1981 to 1986, 2-hexanone was detected in 0.3%, 11.1%, 3.6% and 1.4% of the hazardous waste site groundwater samples in EPA regions 1, 2, 9 and 10, respectively(8). 2-Hexanone was not analyzed in EPA region 7, and was not detected in regions 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8(8).|DRINKING WATER: 2-Hexanone was not detected in drinking water samples from the Sea of Galilee, Israel water treatment plants in May of 1999, September of 1999 and July of 2000(1).|SURFACE WATER: 2-Hexanone was detected in Lake Erie at a concn of 1 ug/L(1) and an on-site lagoon at an unauthorized hazardous waste disposal site in Lang township, NJ, at a maximum concn of 30 ug/L, and average concn of 20 ug/L(2).

2-Hexanone has been identified, not quantified as a component of the aromatic fraction of blue cheese(1) and Beaufort (Gruyere) cheese(2). 2-Hexanone has been identified, not quantified as a component of raw chicken breast muscle(3). 2-Hexanone has been identified, not quantified as a volatile component of roasted filberts(4), nectarines(5), mutton(6), chicken(6), beef(6,7) and cognac(8). 2-Hexanone has been detected in white bread, toasted oats and uncured beef (0.38 mg/kg)(6). 2-Hexanone has been detected in canned cream (1 ppb), canned kernel (2 ppb), frozen kernel (<5 ppb) and fresh kernel (<1 ppb) corn products(9).

2-Hexanone has been detected in milk at a concn of 0.007-0.011 ppm(1). 2-Hexanone was detected, not quantified in store bought milk in Australia(2).

Industrial exposure to /2-hexanone/ by the oral route is unlikely in the normal work environment. The greatest hazards of ... are by topical (eye and skin) and inhalation routes.|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1,121 workers (656 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-hexanone in the US(1). Occupational exposure may be through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-hexanone is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to 2-hexanone via inhalation of ambient air, and the ingestion of food and drinking water, containing 2-hexanone(SRC). 48 Hour testing on 15 people in Helsinki, Finland showed no 2-hexanone concentrations(2).

Inhalation is the primary route of exposure; however, dermatologic exposure can lead to skin irritation and this absorption may contribute to chronic exposure and polyneuropathy. Ingestion has rarely been reported.|Methyl n-butyl ketone (MNBK) is readily absorbed by lung, gi tract and through skin. It is not eliminated extensively unchanged in breath or urine. Radioactivity derived from (1-14)C-MNBK was excreted slowly by man, suggesting that exposure may lead to prolonged toxic metabolite exposure.|Humans exposed for 7.5 hr to 10 or 50 ppm or for 4 hr to 100 ppm of methyl n-butyl ketone (MNBK) absorbed between 75 and 92% of inhaled vapor. Two volunteers exposed by skin contact to (1-14)C-MNBK absorbed 4.8 ug/min/sq cm and 8.0 ug/min/sq cm, respectively.|Oral gavage administration of radiolabeled MnBK to rats indicated that 98% of the dose was absorbed. Beagle dogs that inhaled 50 or 100 ppm MnBK for 6 hr absorbed 65-68% of the vapor. absorption of radiolabeled MnBK through dog skin was observed to be slow at first but increased dramatically after 20 min of exposure ... It was concluded that approximately twice as much MnBK would be absorbed during a 1-hr dermal exposure as would be absorbed by inhalation of 25 ppm of MnBK vapor for 1 hr. Therefore, repeated dermal exposure to MnBK may contribute to its toxicity. Concomitant exposure to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) may increase absorption of MnBK|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for 2-HEXANONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/Investigators/ studied the biotransformation of MnBK by the guinea pig and concluded that the primary metabolite was hexanedione.|/2-Hexanone/ is metabolized by the liver to a common toxic metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione. This compound is a direct neurotoxin.|In guinea pigs and rats, methyl butyl ketone was oxidatively and reductively metabolized. 2,5-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydrofuran; 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone; 2-hexanol; and 2,5-hexanedione were compounds identified in serum of guinea pigs dosed with MBK.|Urinary metabolites from Charles river rats: 2-hexanol; 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone; 2,5-hexanedione; 2,5-dimethylfuran; gamma-valerolactone; norleucine; and urea. Apparently, alpha-oxidation to carbon dioxide is detoxification mechanism and omega-1 oxidation leads to activation.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 2-HEXANONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The mechanism of acute MnBK toxicity is by progressive depression of the CNS resulting in coma and cardiorespiratory failure. The mechanism(s) associated with subchronic and chronic toxicity are associated with significant binding of MnBK metabolites to axonal protein ...|n-Hexane and 2-hexanone... are metabolized by the liver to a common toxic metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione, which is a direct neurotoxin. An apparent high degree of specificity exists for the toxic effect of this compound, as related metabolites of similar solvents have no similar toxicity. 2,5-hexanedione is a gamma-diketone. Other diketones (alpha, beta, delta) do not produce neurotoxicity. The proposed mechanisms of action have been reviewed. Current evidence supports the concept that adducts are formed which lead to cross-linkages between neurofilaments. These cross-linkages lead to the axonal swellings seen on microscopy and, ultimately, to distal degeneration of the nerve.|The omega-1 oxidation of the carbon chain /of methyl n-butyl ketone/ results ultimately in the gamma-diketone, 2,5-hexanedione (HD) ... /which/ react with amino groups in all tissues to form pyrroles ... Pyrrole derivatization is not sufficient to produce the neurofilamentous swellings; pyrrole oxidation, followed by nucleophilic attack and neurofilament cross-link, seems to be necessary for neurotoxicity.

Inhalation of high concentrations of vapor may result in narcosis; peripheral neuropathy may develop. Ingestion of large amounts may cause some systemic injury. Contact with eyes causes mild to moderate irritation. Liquid irritates skin; prolonged or repeated contact may cause defatting of the skin with resultant dermatitis. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

An accurate history is essential to determine whether a person has been exposed to /2-hexanone/. ...Patient may report weakness, muscle cramps, numbness, and paresthesias such as the feeling of tingling, burning, and freezing. Impotence may occur. The physical examination should examine all muscle groups for weakness. Peripheral muscles are affected first, with more proximal weakness after more prolonged exposure. Muscle stretch reflexes are absent distally in areas of weakness. Atrophy of the hand muscles has been reported. Hyperhidrosis may occur. All sensory modalities may be affected, including touch and proprioception. Patients should be assessed for cerebellar signs and tremor. Visual acuity and peripheral vision changes have not been reported, whereas blurred vision has. Tinnitus may occur. Signs of parkinsonism should be sought. ...The patient must be removed from all future exposure. Physical therapy should be initiated to maintain full range of motion until reinnervation occurs. Recovery is slow, as the regeneration of axon fibers must take place. Complete recovery of strength may not occur.|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ketones and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ketones and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Human volunteers exposed to MnBK in air at 1000 ppm reported a strong odor and experienced transient, moderate eye and nasal irritation. Human pulmonary retention of inhaled MnBK is 60% to 90%, much greater than that for n-hexane, contributing to its increased neurotoxic potency.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a series of 86 cases of peripheral polyneuropathy from 2-hexanone in human beings no impairment of visual fields or loss of visual acuity was reported which could be attributed to abnormality of optic nerves or retina.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ 2-Hexanone vapor produces ocular and upper airway irritation. Brief exposures to high vapor concentrations of around 5000 ppm can produce drowsiness and central nervous system depression.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Afer chronic exposure to large amounts of /2-hexanone/, a syndrome of sensorimotor polyneuropathy may occur. Although motor findings predominate, diminished vibratory sensation has been observed. Studies of cardiac electrophysiology suggest that parasympathetic nerves may be affected.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2-HEXANONE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

2 Hexanone

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and through the skin.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, nose; peripheral neuropathy: lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), paresthesia; dermatitis; headache, drowsiness

Cough. Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Dry skin.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision.

Neurological (Nervous System)|Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system

GRADE: Technical|Commercial grades of MnBK vary in purity from 70 to 96%; the more dilute grades include predominantly methyl isobutyl ketone (MiBK).

2-Hexanone: ACTIVE|S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.

NIOSH 1300: Analyte: 2-Hexanone; Matrix: air; Sampler: solid sorbent tube (coconut shell charcoal, 100 mg/50 mg); Flow rate: 0.01-0.2 l/min; Vol: min: 1 l, max: 25 l; Stability: Unknown. Technique: gas chromatography, FID; Analyte: 2-Hexanone; Desorption: 1 ml CS2, stand 30 min; Range: 1.5 to 8.1 mg/sample; Precision (Sr): 0.018 sr; Level of detection: 0.02 mg/sample; Interferences: None reported.|Gas chromatography using mass spectroscopy or a flame ionization detection is the method of choice for precise analysis of MnBK ... MnBK in water may be collected by purging with an inert gas or cryogenic trapping.|Method: EPA-NERL 524.2; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Analyte: 2-hexanone; Matrix: surface water, ground water, and drinking water in any stage of treatment; Detection Limit: 0.39 ug/L.|Method: EPA-OSW 8260B; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Analyte: 2-hexanone; Matrix: various, determines most volatile organic compounds with boiling points below 200 C; Detection Limit: not provided.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for 2-HEXANONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

QUANTITATIVE METHOD IS REPORTED FOR DETECTION OF 2-HEXANONE IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES BY STABLE ISOPTOPE DILUTION USING GC-MASS SPECTROMETRY.

Chemical Classes -> Volatile organic compounds|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Oxygenated hydrocarbons [FA12]|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree