Octadecane

254.49

254.49

209-790-3

N102P6HAIU

4201

1325

DTXSID9047172

Needles from alcohol, ether-methanol|Colorless liquid

2901100000

0

8.36

White Crystalline Mass/Melt

0.7786 g/cm³ @ Temp: 28 °C

28.2 °C

316.3 °C

330 °F

1.438

No rapid reaction with water.

Store below +30°C.

1 mm Hg ( 119 °C)

8.8 (vs air)

Flammable; spicy and irritating smoke is emitted from the fire

Fuel-like

Henry's Law constant = 1.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.24X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as N-OCTADECANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

NONH for all modes of transport

3

36/37/38-66-65

26-36-62-24-23

Xi,Xn

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from oxidant

Mix with air to form explosive mixture;

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P301 + P310-P331

H304

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H304 (99.51%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]|P301+P310, P331, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1533 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 25 meters (75 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: Permeation data indicate that latex gloves may provide protection from contact with this compound. Latex over latex gloves is recommended. However, if this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, hole or puncture develops, remove them at once. (NTP, 1992)|Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures. Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.|In this study, the effect of two commercially available non-ionic surfactants, Triton X-100 and Tween-80, on the rate of biodegradation of octadecane by four bacterial strains was investigated. Two of the bacterial strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Rhodococcus erythropolis, were stimulated by surfactant addition to mineralize octadecane at a faster rate than in the absence of surfactant amendment. The addition of Triton X-100 and Tween-80 to two Acinetobacter strains had no effect on their rate of mineralization of octadecane. The rate of mineralization without surfactant amendment was much faster for the two Acinetobacter strains than for the other strains. The cell surface hydrophobicities of all strains were measured using the bacterial adherence to hydrocarbon assay. The results indicated that the Acinetobacter strains were very hy-drophobic while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhodococcus erythropolis were both hydrophilic. These results suggest that surfactant-enhanced bioremediation may be correlated with cell surface hydrophobicity.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures. Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/Higher alkanes/ may cause eye and skin irritation.

Octadecane was identified in the extract of some plastic materials from Concon, Chile(1); it was detected in the surface extract of new plastic bags, roadside litter, and landfill trash at concentrations of 32.7, 9.6, and 49.5 ug/g, respectively; it was detected in the particulate matter of open burn smoke from new plastic bags, roadside litter, and landfill trash, at concentrations of 8.1, 5.0, and 7.1 ng/mg, respectively; octadecane was detected in the surface extract of new plastic bags from the United States at a concentration of 140.1 ug/g but not the open burn smoke of new plastic bags from the United States(1). Average concentrations of octadecane emitted as a result of Chinese cooking styles were reported as 71, 55, 57, and 23 ng/mg, for Cantonese style, Sichuan style, Dongbei style, and Hunan style cooking, respectively(2).

SEDIMENT: Octadecane was detected in 29 surficial sediment samples collected from various rivers and canals around Tianjin, China during July 2002(1). Octadecane was detected in sediment samples from the Shinano River in Japan at concentrations ranging from less than 0.1 to 61 ng/g(2).|SOIL: During winter 2002 soil and sand samples, from six locations in the Riyadh metropolitan area of Saudi Arabia, were examined for extractable organic matter; octadecane was detected at a relative concentrations between 0.01 to 12.15% (of total extractable organic matter) at five of six locations(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: A mean ambient air concentration of 116.8 ng/cubic m was reported for octadecane from monitoring data measured on September 9, 1993 at Central Los Angeles, Azusa, and Claremont(1). In 2002, octadecane was detected in the gas-phase and the particulate-phase of urban and industrial air samples from Prato, Italy, at average concentrations of approximately 21.6 and 0.09 ng/cu m, respectivley(2). During late fall and winter seasons octadecane was monitored in the particulate matter of ambient atmospheres in urban areas of Corvallis OR, Guangzhou China, Beijing China, and Taiyuan China, with reported concentrations of not detected, 7.5, 15.2, and 37.1 ng/cu m, respectively(3). Aerosol samples collected in July 2004 and January 2005 from Nanjing, China had concentrations of octadecane ranging from 0.00 to 2.00 ng/cu m and 0.00 to 4.39 ng/cu m, respectively(4).|SOURCE DOMINATED: Octadecane was detected in the gas and particle phase of tailpipe emissions from catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at concentrations of 2.0 and 2.2 ug/km, respectively; and in the gas and particle phase of tailpipe emissions from non-catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at concentrations of 150 and 13 ug/km, respectively; it was also detected in the gasoline at 7.8 ug/g(1). Octadecane was detected in the particulate matter of emissions from heavy duty diesel engines during the following operating conditions, cold-start/idle, creep, and transient, but was not detected during cruise driving(2).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Octadecane is a solid n-alkane. Octadecane is used as a solvent, in organic synthesis, and as a calibration standard. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A structure activity relationship of pure n-alkanes was undertaken in a mouse ear edema model to investigate the mechanism of cumulative irritancy. Alkanes were applied twice daily over a 4-day period. Hexadecane, octadecane, and eicosane exhibited progressively decreasing activity. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: An acute toxicity test was conducted on the marine copepod Acartia tonsa. Octadecane concentrations ranged from 9.7 to 3200 mg/L. 48-hr loading rate of test substance resulting in 50% mortality LL50 >3200 mg.

The trans-membrane transport of hydrocarbons is an important and complex aspect of the process of biodegradation of hydrocarbons by microorganisms. The mechanism of transport of (14)C n-octadecane by Pseudomonas sp. DG17, an alkane-degrading bacterium, was studied by the addition of ATP inhibitors and different substrate concentrations. When the concentration of n-octadecane was higher than 4.54 umol/L, the transport of (14)C n-octadecane was driven by a facilitated passive mechanism following the intra/extra substrate concentration gradient. However, when the cells were grown with a low concentration of the substrate, the cellular accumulation of n-octadecane, an energy-dependent process, was dramatically decreased by the presence of ATP inhibitors, and n-octadecane accumulation continually increased against its concentration gradient. Furthermore, the presence of non-labeled alkanes blocked (14)C n-octadecane transport only in the induced cells, and the trans-membrane transport of n-octadecane was specific with an apparent dissociation constant K t of 11.27 umol/L and V max of 0.96 umol/min/mg protein. The results indicated that the trans-membrane transport of n-octadecane by Pseudomonas sp. DG17 was related to the substrate concentration and ATP.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ An acute toxicity test was conducted on the marine copepod Acartia tonsa. The test substance (octadecane) concentrations (nominal loading rates) ranged from 9.7 to 3200 mg/L. Test solutions were prepared as individual water accomodation fractions (WAF). Control and dilution water were natural seawater from an unpolluted site at about 80 m depth in Byfjord, filtered through sand filter at the collection, then through a GF/C filter and briefly heated to 75 °C prior to use. Test substance was mixed in dilution water for 20 hours, and the mixture was allowed to settle for 4 hours prior to drawing off the aqueous solutions for testing ... In the test, 6 concentrations were tested in a geometric series: 9.7, 32.2, 99.1, 320, 993 and 3200 mg/L ... /loading rate of test substance resulting in 50% mortality/ 48-hr LL50 >3200 mg/L (WAF).

Octadecane is detected in various plants used in food and medicinal applications(1). Octadecane is a component of mineral oil(2).

Alkanes such as octadecane may be components in petroleum products(1) and may be released to the environment through the processing and combustion of petroleum products (SRC). Octadecane's production and use as a solvent, in organic synthesis, and for calibration(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 2.2X10+7(2), indicates that octadecane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of octadecane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(3), based upon its vapor pressure, 3.41X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 6.0X10-3 mg/L(5). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Octadecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure(4). Octadecane achieved 6 to 30% biodegradation after 28 days in sediment and marine-water inoculums(6), indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process under certain conditions in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 2.2X10+7(2), indicates that octadecane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(4) from its vapor pressure, 3.41X10-4 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 6.0X10-3 mg/L(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.7 hours and 6.3 days, respectively(SRC). However, adsorption to suspended solids and sediment is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years if adsorption is considered(7). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 730(SRC), from its log Kow of 8.36(2) and a regression-derived equation(4), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Octadecane has a calculated half-life of 2.5 days in unacclimated pond-water(9), indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process under certain conditions in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), octadecane, which has a vapor pressure of 3.41X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to almost exist entirely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase octadecane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 17 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Octadecane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of octadecane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 17 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Octadecane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Octadecane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 730 was calculated in fish for octadecane(SRC), using a log Kow of 8.36(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

The Koc of octadecane is 2.2X10+7(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that octadecane is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for octadecane is estimated as 1.9X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(1) from its vapor pressure, 3.41X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 6.0X10-3 mg/L(3). This Henry's Law constant indicates that octadecane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(4). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(1) is estimated as 1.7 hours hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(1) is estimated as 6.3 days(SRC). However, adsorption to suspended solids and sediment is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years if adsorption is considered(5). Octadecane has a vapor pressure of 3.41X10-4 mm Hg and exists as a liquid under environmental conditions; therefore, octadecane may volatilize from dry soil.

DRINKING WATER: Octadecane was identified but not quantified in tap water samples from 2 sites in Tsukuba, Japan, June 1983(1).|SURFACE WATER: Octadecane was identified but not quantified in the waters of Besos and Llogregat Rivers, in the coasts of Barcelona and Vilanova-Sitges, and in La Pineda beach, Spain(1). Octadecane concentrations ranged from 0.09 to 0.3 ug/L in eight stations located in the Guanabara Bay Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sampled from September 2011 to August 2012(2).|RAIN/SNOW/FOG: Octadecane was detected in 4 out of 10 snow samples collected in March 1999 from rural and urban areas in Russia and Finland at concentrations of 0.17, 0.37, 0.24 and 4.57 ug/kg(1).

Octadecane was identified as a volatile component in the edible extract of Korean Chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb)(1). Octadecane was detected in the extract of 8 Australian yellow box honey samples, and 8 Australian blue gum honey samples at average concentrations of 0.9 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively(2).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facility estimates the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of octadecane in the United States may be as low as 25 workers and as high as 49 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|Occupational exposure to octadecane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where octadecane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to octadecane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and dermal contact with water contaminated by combustion effluents(SRC). The greatest potential for dermal and inhalation exposure is expected during use of petroleum products containing octadecane(1).

Liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose (perirenal and s.c.) /bovine/ tissues were collected from 6 animals for analysis of their hydrocarbon composition. Qualitative and quantitative determinations were carried out by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although differing in the proportions, a homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 was found in all samples. The isoprenoid hydrocarbons phytane and phytene (phyt-1-ene and phyt-2-ene) were also identified. (These findings have relevance to the health of humans consuming hydrocarbon-contaminated meats.) /n-Alkanes/|The trans-membrane transport of hydrocarbons is an important and complex aspect of the process of biodegradation of hydrocarbons by microorganisms. The mechanism of transport of (14)C n-octadecane by Pseudomonas sp. DG17, an alkane-degrading bacterium, was studied by the addition of ATP inhibitors and different substrate concentrations. When the concentration of n-octadecane was higher than 4.54 umol/L, the transport of (14)C n-octadecane was driven by a facilitated passive mechanism following the intra/extra substrate concentration gradient. However, when the cells were grown with a low concentration of the substrate, the cellular accumulation of n-octadecane, an energy-dependent process, was dramatically decreased by the presence of ATP inhibitors, and n-octadecane accumulation continually increased against its concentration gradient. Furthermore, the presence of non-labeled alkanes blocked (14)C n-octadecane transport only in the induced cells, and the trans-membrane transport of n-octadecane was specific with an apparent dissociation constant K t of 11.27 umol/L and V max of 0.96 umol/min/mg protein. The results indicated that the trans-membrane transport of n-octadecane by Pseudomonas sp. DG17 was related to the substrate concentration and ATP.

21.00 Days

Excerpt from ERG Guide 133 [Flammable Solids]: Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for n-Octadecane (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

octadecane

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Octadecane: ACTIVE|Gas-phase dehydrogenation of n-alkanes over noble-metal catalysts yield the corresponding n-alkenes at low conversion rates (ca. 10%) with predominantly internal double bonds. The corresponding alkenes can be isolated in high purity by selective molecular-sieve processes. /Higher n-Alkanes/

The chloroform-extractable lipid fraction of dissolved organic matter in seawater was analyzed by gravimetry, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Gravimetric concentrations of dissolved lipids in the Gulf of Mexico were in the range of 60-160 mg/L in near-surface waters and 61-116 ug/L in near bottom waters and accounted for approximately 4% of the dissolved organic C. Over a 12-hr sampling period and a 5-day sampling period extensive variability in dissolved lipid quantity and quality were observed. The major percentage of extractable weight was collected in the polar liquid chromatographic fraction (55-95%). Gas chromatographic concentrations of the aliphatic fractions were in the range of 0.014-0.187 ug/L. Concentrations derived from gas chromatography were consistently lower than gravimetrically-derived concentrations. A number of compounds were tentatively identified by a combination of GC, GC-MS, and authentic standards. The major components of the analyzable dissolved lipids were n-alkanes (C16-C32), pristane, phytane, methyl, ethyl and propyl esters of fatty acids. Minor components included olefins and cycloalkanes, aromatics, short-chained acids, and possibly a lactone and an alcohol. All concentrations and compounds were indicative of a fairly pristine environment. The n-alkane distribution appears to be the result of marine and terrestrial inputs superimposed on a chronic low-level background of oil pollution. The fatty acid esters and other fragment molecules may be the result of the degradation of humic substances. A number of potential indicators of source were isolated. /n-Alkanes/|A new method for separation of 11 n-alkanes: octane, o-nonane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane, n-pentdecne, n-hexadecath, heptadecane, n-octadecane in soil samples was developed. Kuderna-Danish (K.D.) concentrator enrichment prior to ultrasonic extraction and the silicone chromatography column purification and with gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC-FID) could be used for n-alkanes determination. The micro channels of open tubular column were fabricated onto a silicon wafer to replace the quartz capillary chromatographic column. The column structure and analysis parameters that affected the column separation were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the extract reagent was centrifuged and collected. A silicone chromatography column and a K.D. concentrator were used for further clean-up and enrichment. Using this method, the limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were obtained in the range of 0.03-0.15 and 0.1-0.5 mg/kg in soil samples, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was under 12%. The optimized procedure that presented good analytical performance (with recoveries ranging from 56.5% to 89.2%), was successfully applied to determine n-alkane content in farmland soil samples adjacent to a highway. The results showed that the MWCNTs-functionalized column is capable of separating the alkane contaminations with high resolution in about 3 min, which is much shorter than that of GC-MS and other conventional analytical methods, demonstrating its great potential for rapid analysis.|Method: EPA-EAD 1625; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Analyte: n-octadecane; Matrix: water; Detection Limit: 1 ug/L.

Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Hydrocarbons [FA11]|Cosmetics -> Emollient; Skin conditioning; Solvent