Heptadecane

240.47

240.47

211-108-4

H7C0J39XUM

172782

DTXSID7047061

Hexagonal leaflets|Leaflets|Colorless liquid

2901100000

0

8.69 (est)

Clear colorless Liquid After Melting

0.7732 g/cm³ @ Temp: 30 °C

22 °C

302 °C

300 °F

n20/D 1.436(lit.)

Immiscible with water.Slightly soluble in ethanol, carbon tetrachloride; soluble in ethyl ether

Store at +5°C to +30°C.

1 mm Hg ( 115 °C)

8.3 (vs air)

Fuel-like

Henry's Law constant = 3.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.10X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

Flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as N-HEPTADECANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.

NONH for all modes of transport

3

65-36/37/38-66

62-36-26

MI3550000

Xn,Xi

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.

P301 + P310-P331

H304

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Flash point data for this compound is not available,but it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H304 (98.6%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]|P301+P310, P331, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 290 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: Permeation data indicate that butyl rubber gloves may provide protection to contact with this compound. Butyl rubber over latex gloves is recommended. However, if this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, hole or puncture develops, remove them at once. (NTP, 1992)|Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/Higher alkanes/ may cause eye and skin irritation.

Heptadecane was identified in the extract of some plastic materials from Concon, Chile(1); it was not detected in the surface extract of new plastic bags but was detected in the surface extract of roadside litter and landfill trash at concentrations of 1.7 and 7.6 ug/g, respectively; it was detected in the particulate matter of open burn smoke from new plastic bags, roadside litter, and landfill trash, at concentrations of 8.7, 5.8, and 8.4 ng/mg, respectively; heptadecane was not detected in the surface extract nor the open burn smoke of new plastic bags from the United States(1). Average concentrations of heptadecane emitted as a result of Chinese cooking styles were reported as 139, 50, 45, and 29 ng/mg, for Cantonese style, Sichuan style, Dongbei style, and Hunan style cooking, respectively(2).

SOIL: During the winter of 2002, soil and sand samples from six locations in the Riyadh metropolitan area of Saudi Arabia were examined for extractable organic matter. Heptadecane was detected at relative concentrations between 0.25 to 2.11% (of total extractable organic matter) at three of six locations(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: In 2002, heptadecane was detected in the gas-phase but not the particulate-phase of urban and industrial air samples from Prato, Italy at an average concentration of approximately 16 ng/cu m(1). During late fall and winter seasons heptadecane was monitored in the particulate matter of ambient atmospheres in urban areas of Corvallis OR, Guangzhou China, Beijing China, and Taiyuan China, with reported concentrations of not detected, 4.2, not detected, and 28.7 ng/cu m, respectively(2).|SOURCE DOMINATED: Heptadecane was detected in the gas phase of tailpipe emissions from catalyst equipped and non-catalyst equipped gasoline powered motor vehicles at concentrations of 4.4 and 130 ug/km, respectively; it was also detected in the gasoline at 5.6 ug/g(1).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Heptadecane is a higher n-alkane containing 17 carbon atoms (C17). Heptadecane is used as stock for hydrocracking processes. It is also used in oxidation, and chlorination reactions. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: A homologous series of n-alkanes ranging from n-C12-n-C31 found in liver, heart, kidneys, muscle and adipose bovine tissues.

Heptadecane is detected in various parts and tissues of plants used in food and medicinal applications(1).

Alkanes such as heptadecane may be components in petroleum products(1) and may be released to the environment through the processing and combustion of petroleum products(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 2.5X10+5(2), indicates that heptadecane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of heptadecane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(3), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.28X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.3X10-3 mg/L(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Heptadecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Heptadecane achieved 7 to 29% biodegradation after 28 days in sediment and marine-water inoculums(5), indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process under certain conditions in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 2.5X10+5(2), indicates that heptadecane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(4) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.28X10-4 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 2.3X10-3 mg/L(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.6 hours and 6.2 days, respectively(SRC). However, adsorption to suspended solids and sediment is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 500(SRC), from its estimated log Kow of 8.69(4) and a regression-derived equation(4), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Heptadecane has a calculated half-life of 2.3 days in unacclimated pond-water(8), indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process under certain conditions in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), heptadecane, which has a vapor pressure of 2.28X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist almost entirely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase heptadecane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 18 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 21X10-21 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC)that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Heptadecane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of heptadecane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 21.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 18 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Heptadecane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Heptadecane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 500 was calculated in fish for heptadecane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 8.69(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

The Koc of heptadecane is 2.5X10+5(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that heptadecane is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for heptadecane is estimated as 3.1X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.28X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 2.3X10-3 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that heptadecane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(4) is estimated as 1.6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(4) is estimated as 6.2 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 2 years if adsorption is considered(5). Heptadecane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Heptadecane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: Heptadecane was identified but not quantified in tap water samples from 2 sites in Tsukuba, Japan, June 1983(1).|SURFACE WATER: Heptadecane was identified but not quantified in the waters of Besos and Llogregat Rivers, in the coasts of Barcelona and Vilanova-Sitges, and in La Pineda beach, Spain(1). Heptadecane concentrations ranged from 0.09 to 0.27 ug/L in eight stations located in the Guanabara Bay Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, sampled from September 2011 to August 2012(2).|RAIN/SNOW/FOG: Heptadecane was detected in 6 out of 10 snow samples collected in March 1999 from rural and urban areas in Russia and Finland at concentration ranging from 0.09 to 1.49 ug/kg(1).

Heptadecane was identified but not quantified in full fat commercial frankfurter sausages (made of beef and pork) without spices or smoke(1). Heptadecane was identified as a volatile component in the edible extract of Korean Chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb)(2). Heptadecane was detected in the extract of 8 Australian yellow box honey samples, and 8 Australian blue gum honey samples at average concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively(3). Heptadecane was detected in holm-oak, oak, and forest Spanish honeydew honeys in Autumn 2005 at average concentrations of 268.1, 140.0, and 169.4 ug/kg(4).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, there are 0 reporting facilities for heptadecane(1).|Occupational exposure to heptadecane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where heptadecane is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to heptadecane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and dermal contact with water contaminated by combustion effluents(SRC). The greatest potential for dermal and inhalation exposure is expected during use of petroleum products containing heptadecane(1).

In rats fed a diet of 25% Spirulina algae, heptadecane accumulated in adipose tissue at 80.2 and 272 mg/g in males and females and in lung and muscle at approx. 10-20 mg/kg, respectively.|Following oral gavage of 1 g to rats, heptadecane was found in concentrations of 0.7, 1.4, 1.2, and 0.2% in the intestinal wall, liver, intestinal content, and feces, respectively.|/MILK/ Dietary concentrations of 52 ppm fed to pigs for 12 months resulted in the excretion of some heptadecane in milk during lactation.|Rat tissue:air and blood:air partition coefficients (PCs) for octane, nonane, decane, undecane, and dodecane (n-C8 to n-C12 n-alkanes) were determined by vial equilibration. The blood:air PC values for n-C8 to n-C12 were 3.1, 5.8, 8.1, 20.4, and 24.6, respectively. The lipid solubility of n-alkanes increases with carbon length, suggesting that lipid solubility is an important determinant in describing n-alkane blood:air PC values. The muscle:blood, liver: blood, brain:blood, and fat:blood PC values were octane (1.0, 1.9, 1.4, and 247), nonane (0.8, 1.9, 3.8, and 274), decane (0.9, 2.0, 4.8, and 328), undecane (0.7, 1.5, 1.7, and 529), and dodecane (1.2, 1.9, 19.8, and 671), respectively. The tissue:blood PC values were greatest in fat and the least in muscle. The brain:air PC value for undecane was inconsistent with other n-alkane values. Using the measured partition coefficient values of these n-alkanes, linear regression was used to predict tissue (except brain) and blood:air partition coefficient values for larger n-alkanes, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, and heptadecane (n-C13 to n-C17). Good agreement between measured and predicted tissue:air and blood:air partition coefficient values for n-C8 to n-Cl2 offer confidence in the partition coefficient predictions for longer chain n-alkanes.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for n-Heptadecane (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The in vitro metabolism of n-heptadecane was investigated using hepatic microsomes from Hubbard chickens, New Zealand rabbits, Wistar rats and rainbow trout. Incubations with the (14)C-labelled alkane for 1 hr showed that the rate of oxidation varied between species; the rate (per mg protein) in chickens was roughly 20-fold greater than the rate in trout, and roughly 10-fold greater than the rates in rats and rabbits. On the basis of cytochrome P-450 content, the rate of heptadecane metabolism was roughly 20-fold greater in the chicken than in the other species. Moreover, the lambda max Soret band of the reduced cytochrome P-450 CO-complex was observed at 452 nm in the chicken. Correlation between the rate of heptadecane metabolism and in vivo storage levels is discussed.

20.00 Days

Heptadecane is a volatile component of Spirulina platensis, and blocks the de novo synthesis of fatty acids and ameliorates several oxidative stress-related diseases. In a redox state disrupted by oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory genes are upregulated by the activation of NF-kB via diverse kinases. Thus, the search and characterization of new substances that modulate NF-kB are lively research topics. In the present study, heptadecane was examined in terms of its ability to suppress inflammatory NF-kB activation via redox-related NIK/IKK and MAPKs pathway in aged rats. In the first part of the study, Fischer 344 rats, aged 9 and 20 months, were administered on average approximately 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight over 10 days. The potency of heptadecane was investigated by examining its ability to suppress the gene expressions of COX-2 and iNOS (both NF-kB-related genes) and reactive species (RS) production in aged kidney tissue. In the second part of the study, YPEN-1 cells (an endothelial cell line) were used to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of heptadecane by examining its modulation of NF-kB and NF-kB signal pathway. Results showed that heptadecane exhibited a potent anti-oxidative effect by protecting YPEN-1 cells from tert-butylhydroperoxide induced oxidative stress. Further molecular investigations revealed that heptadecane attenuated RS-induced NF-kB via the NIK/IKK and MAPKs pathways in YPEN-1 cells and aged kidney tissues. Based on these results, we conclude that heptadecane suppresses age-related increases in pro-inflammatory gene expressions by reducing NF-kB activity by upregulating the NIK/IKK and MAPKs pathways induced by RS. These findings provide molecular insight of the mechanisms by which heptadecane exerts its antiinflammatory effect in aged kidney tissues. ...

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Treat frostbite with rapid rewarming techniques ... ./Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for n-Heptadecane (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

heptadecane

Heptadecane: ACTIVE|Gas-phase dehydrogenation of n-alkanes over noble-metal catalysts yield the corresponding n-alkenes at low conversion rates (ca. 10%) with predominantly internal double bonds. The corresponding alkenes can be isolated in high purity by selective molecular-sieve processes. /Higher n-Alkanes/

A new method for separation of 11 n-alkanes: octane, o-nonane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane, n-pentdecne, n-hexadecath, heptadecane, n-octadecane in soil samples was developed. Kuderna-Danish (K.D.) concentrator enrichment prior to ultrasonic extraction and the silicone chromatography column purification and with gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC-FID) could be used for n-alkanes determination. The micro channels of open tubular column were fabricated onto a silicon wafer to replace the quartz capillary chromatographic column. The column structure and analysis parameters that affected the column separation were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the extract reagent was centrifuged and collected. A silicone chromatography column and a K.D. concentrator were used for further clean-up and enrichment. Using this method, the limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were obtained in the range of 0.03-0.15 and 0.1-0.5 mg/kg in soil samples, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was under 12%. The optimized procedure that presented good analytical performance (with recoveries ranging from 56.5% to 89.2%), was successfully applied to determine n-alkane content in farmland soil samples adjacent to a highway. The results showed that the MWCNTs-functionalized column is capable of separating the alkane contaminations with high resolution in about 3 min, which is much shorter than that of GC-MS and other conventional analytical methods, demonstrating its great potential for rapid analysis.|The chloroform-extractable lipid fraction of dissolved organic matter in seawater was analyzed by gravimetry, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Gravimetric concentrations of dissolved lipids in the Gulf of Mexico were in the range of 60-160 mg/L in near-surface waters and 61-116 ug/L in near bottom waters and accounted for approximately 4% of the dissolved organic C. Over a 12-hr sampling period and a 5-day sampling period extensive variability in dissolved lipid quantity and quality were observed. The major percentage of extractable weight was collected in the polar liquid chromatographic fraction (55-95%). Gas chromatographic concentrations of the aliphatic fractions were in the range of 0.014-0.187 ug/L. Concentrations derived from gas chromatography were consistently lower than gravimetrically-derived concentrations. A number of compounds were tentatively identified by a combination of GC, GC-MS, and authentic standards. The major components of the analyzable dissolved lipids were n-alkanes (C16-C32), pristane, phytane, methyl, ethyl and propyl esters of fatty acids. Minor components included olefins and cycloalkanes, aromatics, short-chained acids, and possibly a lactone and an alcohol. All concentrations and compounds were indicative of a fairly pristine environment. The n-alkane distribution appears to be the result of marine and terrestrial inputs superimposed on a chronic low-level background of oil pollution. The fatty acid esters and other fragment molecules may be the result of the degradation of humic substances. A number of potential indicators of source were isolated. /n-Alkanes/

Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Hydrocarbons [FA11]