2-Methylimidazole

82.1

82.10

1368

211-765-7

T0049Z45LZ

21394

DTXSID4022107

Solid

29332990

28.7

0.2

White to light yellow Crystalline Powder

1.1±0.1 g/cm3

144 °C

267 °C

155 °C

1.523

soluble in water and ethanol.

2-8°C

<1 mm Hg ( 0 °C)

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 1500 mg/kg

Henry's Law constant = 4.14X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 7.86 (conjugate acid)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 9.41X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

III

8

UN 3259 8/PG 2

2

22-34

26-36/37/39-45-25

NI7175000

C

Harmful/Corrosive

P201-P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313

H302-H314-H351-H360

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Observe all federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

Materials to avoid: Strong oxidizing agents, acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides.

Department of Health & Human Services/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program; Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 2-Methylimidazole (CAS No. 693-98-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies), NTP TR 516 (December 2004).

|Danger|H302 (78.42%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P280, P281, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 811 companies from 28 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Warning|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P309+P311, P314, P330, P405, and P501

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Hand protection: Handle with gloves.|Eye protection: Safety glasses.|Skin and body protection: Choose body protection according to the amount and concentration of the dangerous substance at the work place.|Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a POTW is acceptable only after review by the governing authority. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must meet Hazardous Material Criteria for disposal.|Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.|Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.|Methods for cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling: Avoid formation of dust and aerosols.|In case of skin contact: Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Consult a physician.|In case of eye contact: Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital. Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.|Hygiene measures: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Material is extremely destructive to the tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. May be harmful if absorbed through skin. Causes skin burns. Causes eye burns.

LD50 Mouse oral 1400 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 480 mg/kg

Groups of 60 male and 60 female mice were fed diets containing 0, 625, 1,250, or 2,500 ppm 2-methylimidazole (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 75, 150, or 315 mg/kg to males and 80, 150, or 325 mg/kg to females) for 105 weeks. Ten male and 10 female mice were necropsied at 6 months. Additional groups of 20 male and 20 female special study mice were exposed to the same concentrations for 8 days or 14 weeks and were evaluated for clinical chemistry, liver enzyme activity, and organ weights. Survival of all exposed groups of mice was similar to that of the control groups. The mean body weights of 1,250 and 2,500 ppm males and 2,500 ppm females were less than those of the controls during most of the study. Feed consumption by all exposed groups of mice was similar to that by the control groups. The hematology results at 6 months indicated that exposure of mice to 2-methylimidazole induced a decreased erythron that was characterized as macrocytic, normochromic to hypochromic, and responsive. The thyroid gland weights of 2,500 ppm male and female mice and 1,250 ppm females were increased at 6 months. The incidence of follicular cell adenoma in the thyroid gland of 2,500 ppm males was significantly greater than that in the control group at 2 years. Follicular cell hypertrophy of the thyroid gland occurred in most exposed mice at 6 months, and the incidences of this lesion were significantly increased in the 1,250 and 2,500 ppm groups at 2 years; the incidences of follicular cell hyperplasia were significantly increased in 2,500 ppm males and females at 2 years. The liver weights of 2,500 ppm female mice were significantly increased at 6 months. The incidences of hepatocellular adenoma occurred with positive trends in males and females and the incidences were significantly increased in the 2,500 ppm groups. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly increased in 1,250 ppm males and exceeded the historical control range in 2,500 ppm males. The incidences of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were significantly increased in all exposed groups of males. The incidences of hepatocellular karyomegaly in 2,500 ppm males at 6 months and in 1,250 and 2,500 ppm males at 2 years, of hepatocellular cytoplasmic alteration in 1,250 and 2,500 ppm males at 2 years, and Kupffer cell pigmentation in 2,500 ppm males at 2 years were significantly increased. In the spleen, the incidences of hematopoietic cell proliferation in all exposed groups of males and in 2,500 ppm females were significantly increased at 6 months and 2 years. Pigmentation was present in most 1,250 and 2,500 ppm mice at 6 months, and the incidences of this lesion were significantly increased in all exposed groups of males and in 1,250 and 2,500 ppm females at 2 years. The incidences of bone marrow hyperplasia were significantly increased in 1,250 and 2,500 ppm male mice at 2 years. Renal proximal tubule pigmentation was present in most 2,500 ppm male mice at 6 months and 2 years. The responses in the spleen, bone marrow, and kidney were considered to be related to the responsive anemia. In males, the incidences of chronic active inflammation of the epididymis at 1,250 and 2,500 ppm, sperm granuloma at 2,500 ppm, and of germinal epithelial atrophy of the testis at 1,250 and 2,500 ppm were significantly increased at 2 years.|Groups of 60 male and 60 female rats were fed diets containing 0, 300, 1,000, or 3,000 ppm 2-methylimidazole (males) or 0, 1,000, 2,500, or 5,000 ppm 2-methylimidazole (females) (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 13, 40, or 130 mg 2-methylimidazole/kg body weight to males and 50, 120, or 230 mg/kg to females) for 106 weeks. Ten male and 10 female rats were necropsied at 6 months. Additional groups of 20 male and 20 female special study rats were exposed to the same concentrations for 8 days or 14 weeks and were evaluated for clinical chemistry, liver enzyme activity, and organ weights. Survival of 2,500 ppm females was significantly less than that of the controls. The mean body weights of 3,000 ppm males and 2,500 and 5,000 ppm females were generally less than those of the controls during most of the study. Feed consumption by 5,000 ppm females was less than that by the control group. The hematology results at 6 months indicated that exposure of rats to 2-methylimidazole induced a decreased erythron that was characterized as microcytic, normochromic, and nonresponsive. The thyroid hormone data indicated that rats administered 2-methylimidazole developed alterations in thyroid hormone concentrations; serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations were decreased, and thyroid stimulating hormone levels were increased. In general, the thyroid hormone effects were most pronounced early in the study and ameliorated with time. The results for the tissue enzyme content analyses of these 2-year feed studies indicated that exposure of rats to 2-methylimidazole induced an increase in total hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase at all time points evaluated through 6 months. The thyroid gland weights of 3,000 ppm males and 2,500 and 5,000 ppm females were significantly increased at 6 months. At 6 months, two 5,000 ppm female rats had a thyroid gland follicular cell adenoma. The incidences of follicular cell adenoma, follicular cell carcinoma, and adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in the thyroid gland of 5,000 ppm females were significantly greater that those in the controls at 2 years. The incidence of follicular cell adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in the thyroid gland occurred with a positive trend in males. The incidences of follicular cell hyperplasia in all exposed groups of rats were significantly increased at 6 months and 2 years. The incidences of follicle mineralization of the thyroid gland in all exposed groups, except 300 ppm males at 6 months and in 1,000 and 5,000 ppm females at 2 years, were significantly greater than those of the controls. In the liver, the incidences of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in the two highest exposure groups of males and females exceeded the historical ranges for controls, and the incidences of hepatocellular adenoma in females occurred with a positive trend. The incidences of bile duct hyperplasia and granulomatous inflammation were increased in females, as were those of mixed cell focus in males and females. The incidence of granulomatous inflammation of the spleen in 5,000 ppm females was significantly increased. Lower body weights of female rats exposed to 5,000 ppm likely contributed to the decreased incidences of mammary gland fibroadenoma, pituitary gland adenoma, and clitoral gland adenoma in this group.|... 2-Methylimidazole was negative in the S. typhimurium mutation assay when tested in strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA1535, with and without S9 activation enzymes. Testing of 2-methylimidazole in vivo for induction of chromosomal damage, as measured by micronucleated erythrocyte frequency, produced mixed results. When administered by intraperitoneal injection three times at 24-hour intervals, 2-methylimidazole produced negative results in bone marrow micronucleus tests in rats and mice. However, in the 14-week study of 2-methylimidazole, a significant exposure-related increase in the frequency of micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes was noted in peripheral blood of male and female mice. Exposure concentration-related increases in the percentage of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in peripheral blood was also seen in male and female mice in the 14-week study.|... Groups of five male and five female rats and mice were fed diets containing 0, 1,200, 3,300, or 10,000 ppm 2-methylimidazole (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 115, 290, or 770 mg 2-methylimidazole/ kg body weight to rats; 220, 640, or 2,100 mg/kg to male mice; 300, 800, or 2,400 to female mice) for 15 days ... In the 15-day 2-methylimidazole studies, all animals survived to the end of the studies. The mean body weights of 10,000 ppm male rats and female mice were significantly less than those of the controls. Feed consumption by 10,000 ppm male and female rats was reduced. Enlarged thyroid glands were observed in 3,300 and 10,000 ppm male and female rats. The incidences of diffuse hyperplasia of follicular cells of the thyroid gland in 3,300 and 10,000 ppm male and female rats and pars distalis hypertrophy of the pituitary gland in 3,300 and 10,000 ppm males and 10,000 ppm females were increased compared to the controls. In all exposed groups of male and female mice, the incidences and severities of follicular cell hypertrophy of the thyroid gland and the severities of hematopoietic cell proliferation of the spleen generally increased with increasing exposure concentration ...|... Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats and mice were fed diets containing 0, 625, 1,250, 2,500, 5,000, or 10,000 ppm 2- methylimidazole (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 40, 80, 160, 300, or 560 mg/kg 2-methylimidazole to rats; and 100, 165, 360, 780, or 1,740 mg/kg 2-methylimidazole ... and 90, 190, 400, 800, or 1,860 mg/kg 2-methylimidazole ... to females) for 14 weeks. All animals survived to the end of the 14-week 2-methylimidazole studies. Compared to the controls, the mean body weights were significantly decreased in groups of male rats and mice exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater and in 5,000 and 10,000 ppm female rats and mice. In rats, 2-methylimidazole induced a transient erythrocytosis in females and a minimal, exposure concentration-related, microcytic, normochromic, nonresponsive anemia. 2-Methylimidazole increased thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations and decreased thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations of male and female rats in an exposure concentration-related manner. 2-Methylimidazole induced a mild to moderate, exposure concentration-related, macrocytic, hyperchromic, responsive anemia in mice. Triiodothyronine concentrations were increased in exposed male and female mice, and thyroxine concentrations were decreased in exposed females. Relative to the control groups, clinical chemistry evaluations on day 29 and at week 14 identified decreases in alanine aminotransferase concentrations and total protein and albumin concentrations of rats. In the 2-methylimidazole studies, absolute spleen weights were significantly increased in all exposed groups of male rats. The heart and liver weights were increased in all exposed groups of male mice, as were the spleen weights of female mice exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater. Spermatid heads per testis and mean spermatid count were significantly decreased in 10,000 ppm male rats. The estrous cycle of 10,000 ppm female rats was significantly increased. Gross pathology observations included enlarged thyroid glands, small uteri, and mottled spleen in 5,000 and 10,000 ppm mice. The incidences of diffuse follicular cell hyperplasia of the thyroid gland were significantly increased in male rats exposed to 1,250 ppm or greater and female rats exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater. The incidence of testicular degeneration was significantly increased in 10,000 ppm male rats, and two males in the 10,000 ppm group had follicular cell adenoma of the thyroid gland. In mice, there were generally significant increases in the incidences of follicular cell hypertrophy of the thyroid gland, hematopoietic cell proliferation of the spleen, and hemosiderin pigmentation of the renal tubule in males exposed to 1,250 ppm or greater and females exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater.

2-Methylimidazole's production and use in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, photographic and photothermographic chemicals, dyes, pigments, agricultural chemicals and rubber(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 33(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.24(2) and a structure estimation method(3), indicates that 2-methylimidazole is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2-methylimidazole is 7.86(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of 2-methylimidazole from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(6). However, volatilization from moist soil may be attenuated because the compound exists partially as a cation and cations do not volatilize. 2-Methylimidazole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.9X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(7). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in four weeks(8) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 33(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.24(2) and a structure estimation method(3), indicates that 2-methylimidazole is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces may be expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 190 hours and 62 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3.2(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 1% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in four weeks(8) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2-methylimidazole, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 6.9X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-methylimidazole is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.1 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Methylimidazole does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-methylimidazole with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 4.1 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2-Methylimidazole is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2).

An estimated BCF of 3.2 was calculated in fish for 2-methylimidazole(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.24(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Koc of 2-methylimidazole is estimated as 33(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.24(1) and a structure estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-methylimidazole is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of 2-methylimidazole is 7.86(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

The Henry's Law constant for 2-methylimidazole is estimated as 4.4X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-methylimidazole may be expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 190 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 62 days(SRC). 2-Methylimidazole's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 2-Methylimidazole is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 6.9X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 7,023 workers (3,073 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 2-methylimidazole in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 2-methylimidazole may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-methylimidazole is produced or used(SRC).

... The disposition of [2-(14)C]-2-methylimidazole (2-MI) has been investigated following po administration of either 5, 50, or 150 mg/kg to male F344 rats. Excretion data indicated that absorption of 2-MI was both rapid and proportional to dose in the range studied. Approximately 90% of the total dose was eliminated in urine within 24 hr. Most of the remaining 14C was excreted in feces and as expired 14CO2. Excretion data were similar following iv administration of 5 mg/kg. Little or no enterohepatic circulation of compound occurred, since biliary excretion of 2-MI-derived 14C was negligible. Approximately 70% of the 14C excreted in urine, following all dosing, consisted of parent compound. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms for all treatment groups were similar, indicating that metabolism of 2-MI in rats was not affected by dose or route of administration.|The toxicokinetics of 2-methylimidazole (2-MI) were studied in male and female Fischer 344 rats after a single iv dose of 10 mg/kg or gavage dose of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg. The 2-MI was formulated in 0.05 M phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4). The iv profiles could be best described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. The terminal elimination half-life, volume of distribution at steady state, and clearance values were 0.78 and 0.85/hr, 1.5 and 1.9 L, and 4.97 and 12.0 L/hr/kg for males and females, respectively. After a gavage dose, the plasma concentration time profiles could be best described by a one-compartment model, no lag phase, and first-order absorption and elimination. The peak 2-MI plasma concentrations increased proportionately with dose and were reached within 35 to 50 min (T(max)) for all groups. The estimated half-life value for 2-MI was about 1 hr for the iv group and the male 25-, 50-, or 100-mg/kg groups and female 25-mg/kg groups. Clearance increased for the male 100- and female 50- and 100- mg/kg groups. For a given dose group, clearance was also two to three times greater for female rats when compared to male rats. Absolute bioavailability for 2-MI was estimated to approach 97%. The results of this study indicated that 2-MI was (1) rapidly and completely absorbed, (2) quickly eliminated, (3) cleared differently for females than for males, (4) affected somewhat by dose for females, and (5) unlikely to undergo tissue accumulation following repeated exposure.

The toxicokinetics of 2-methylimidazole (2-MI) were studied in male and female Fischer 344 rats after a single iv dose of 10 mg/kg or gavage dose of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg. The 2-MI was formulated in 0.05 M phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) ... The estimated half-life value for 2-MI was about 1 hr for the iv group and the male 25-, 50-, or 100-mg/kg groups and female 25-mg/kg groups ...

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ May be harmful if inhaled. Material is extremely destructive to the tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. May be harmful if absorbed through skin. Causes skin burns. Causes eye burns. May be harmful if swallowed. Causes burns.

2-methylimidazole

Paint and coating manufacturing|1H-Imidazole, 2-methyl-: ACTIVE

Purity is usually determined by reverse-phase HPLC; volatile derivatives may be analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography. /Imidazole and derivatives/