1-Hexanol

102.17

102.17

969167

203-852-3

6CP2QER8GS

1084

9254

2282

DTXSID8021931|DTXSID4042044

Colorless liquid

29051900

20.2

2.03

Clear colorless Liquid

0.8153 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

-44.6 °C

157 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

140 °F

1.416

H2O: 6 g/L (25 ºC);ethanol: soluble (lit.)

Storage temperature: no restrictions.

1 mm Hg ( 25.6 °C)

4.5 (vs air)

Oral-Rat  LD50:720  mg/kg; Oral-Mouse  LD50:1950 mg/kg

Combustible in case of open flame, high temperature and strong oxidant; burning emits irritating smoke

1.2-7.7%(V)

Characteristic; sweet alcohol; pleasant

FATTY, FRUITY

1.25e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

1.71e-05 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 1.71X10-5 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C

Heat capacity = 57.68 cal/K-mol|Liquid molar volume = 0.125214 cu m/kmol|Heat of formation = -3.1756X10+8 J/kmol|Heat of fusion = 1.5397X10+7 J/kmol|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for 1-HEXANOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water and less dense than water.|Flammable. Insoluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Highly Flammable

HEXANOLS are alcohols. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.|HEXANOL is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

580 °F (USCG, 1999)|580 °F (304 °C) (est)|290 °C

-951.86 kcal/mole at 25 °C

Flammable Limits in Air: 1.2%-7.7% (calculated)|Lower flammable limit: 1.2% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 7.7% by volume (calculated)

14.78 kcal/mole at 25 °C

Critical temp = 611.35 K; Critical pressure = 3.51X10+6 Pa

III

3

UN 2282 3/PG 3

1

22

24/25

MQ4025000

Xn

Complete packaging, light loading and unloading; warehouse ventilated, away from open flame, high temperature, and stored separately from oxidant

Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong acids, strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.

P280-P305 + P351 + P338

H226-H302 + H312-H319

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Spray into the furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

Can react with oxidizing materials.

Hexyl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. (ERG, 2016)|Combustible. Above 63 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.|Flammable - 2nd degree

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 22 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H226 (35.65%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P312, P322, P330, P337+P313, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2819 companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, and P501|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P264, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Chemical gloves, chemical goggles. (USCG, 1999)|Chemical gloves, chemical goggles.

Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, sparks or flame.

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.2-7.7 (calculated)

Use carbon dioxide, dry chemical or "alcohol" foam extinguisher. Water is ineffective to fire fighting, but is effective to keep fire-exposed containers cool.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. Keep run off water out of sewers and water sources.

Absorb on paper. Evaporate on a glass or iron dish in hood. Burn the paper.|AEROBIC: 5-Day theoretical BODs of 28%(1), 53% (initial concn of 100 ppm)(2) and 83.6% (initial concn of 2,000 ppm)(3) were observed for 1-hexanol in aerobic screening tests using a sewage inocula. An aerobic biodegradation rate constant of 7.99X10-2 1/hr(4), which corresponds to a half-life of 0.36 days(SRC), was determined in an aerobic screening test at pH 7 and 25 °C using an activated sludge inocula. In a similar screening test, the rate constant was measured to be 1.7X10-2 1/hr(5), which corresponds to a biodegradation half-life of 1.7 days(SRC).|ANAEROBIC: Anaerobic biodegradation studies show 1-hexanol degradation rates of 75%(1) and 83%(2) in 7 days at 37 °C using a synthetic sewage inocula.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Hexanols/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Hexanols/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Hexanols/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Hexanols/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-HEXANOL (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Liquid causes eye burns and skin irritation.|It is moderately irritating to the skin and severely irritating to the eye.|In a human patch test, 1-hexanol (1% in petrolatum) was neither a skin irritant nor a skin sensitizer. Overexposure to 1-hexanol is likely to lead to irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract and possible ... /CNS depression/.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong oxidants.

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract and skin. The substance is severely irritating to the eyes. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

NO open flames. Above 63 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

1-Hexanol was qualitatively identified in effluents from a refinery in Illinois(1) and leachate from a waste disposal site in the Netherlands(2). 1-Hexanol was found in wastewater being discharged into the Calcasieu River (Louisiana) from a petrochemical company(3). 1-Hexanol was qualitatively detected in the headspace of 3 household products, including wax paste for leather conservation and finish, liquid floor wax, and liquid wax for ceramic floors(4). Emissions of 1-hexanol with ethylbenzene, in percent of total carbon emission, were identified in gasoline headspace, regular (0.18) and high grade (0.18), whole gasoline, regular (2.55) and high grade(3.15), roadway emissions (1.94), bus parking garage, hot soak (0.88), bus parking garage, cold start (1.05), motorcycle emissions (1.81), petroleum refinery emissions (0.50), lead smelter (0.40), and cast iron factory emissions (0.68) in Cairo, Egypt(5). 1-Hexanol was detected but not quantified in the emissions of waste exudate(6), lab waste headspace(6) and kitchen waste exudate(7).

SEDIMENT: In November of 1979, 1-hexanol was qualitatively identified in a bed sediment sample taken at Vincent Landing on the Calcasieu River in Louisiana(1).

INDOOR: 1-Hexanol was found in 50 percent of 26 houses analyzed for indoor volatile organic compounds(1).|RURAL/REMOTE:1-Hexanol was detected, not quantified in air samples in Whitaker's Forest, California(1). 1-Hexanol was detected in air from the Southern Black Forest in southwest Germany during November of 1984 and January of 1985(2). 1-Hexanol was found in ambient air samples from Fernbank Forest, Atlanta, GA and Temple Ridge, CO(3).

1-Hexanol was detected at a concn less than 5 mg/kg in a large pool of water in the Valley of the Drums near Louisville, KY(1).

moderately toxic

LD50 Mouse oral 1950 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 4000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 720 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 4590 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 1-HEXANOL (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

REPORTED FOUND AMONG CONSTITUENTS OF SEVERAL ESSENTIAL OILS & AROMAS: APPLE, STRAWBERRY, TEA, VIOLET (LEAVES & FLOWERS), JAVA CITRONELLA, BOURBON GERANIUM, LAVENDER, LAVANDIN, SPIKE, LITSEA ZEYLANICA; ALSO IDENTIFIED IN BITTER ORANGE.|OCCURS AS ACETATE IN SEEDS & FRUITS OF HERACLEUM SPHONDYLIUM L & H GIGANTEUM FISCH, UMBELLIFERAE.|1-Hexanol is a fatty alcohol and is derived from natural fats, oils, and waxes from a number of animal(1), vegetable(1-3), fruit(4) and marine sources(1,8). 1-Hexanol is released to the atmosphere in emissions from vegetation(5-6). For example, the emission rate of hexanol from apples harvested from two orchards in August-October of 1990 ranged from 3.8-117.6 pico-L/kg-hr(7).

1-Hexanol's production and use in perfumery(1), as a plasticizer(1), solvent(2), defoamer(2), food additive(2) and food flavoring(3), and in the manufacturing of antiseptics and hypnotics(4) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a measured Koc value of 10.2(2), indicates that 1-hexanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-hexanol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.71X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). 1-Hexanol is expected to volatilize slowly from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.928 mm Hg(4). Biodegradation studies show that 1-hexanol is expected to degrade rapidly in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(5-11). 1-Hexanol has aerobic, measured biodegradation half-lives of 0.36(8) and 1.7 days(9). Anaerobic, seven day biodegradation rates of 75%(10) and 83%(11) were measured for 1-hexanol. These rates suggest that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 10.2(2), indicates that 1-hexanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.71X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 days and 20 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 21(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.03(6) and regression-derived equations(7), suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation studies show that 1-hexanol is expected to degrade rapidly in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions(8-14). 1-Hexanol has aerobic, measured biodegradation half-lives of 0.36(11) and 1.7 days(12). Anaerobic, seven day biodegradation rates of 75%(13) and 83%(14) were measured for 1-hexanol.|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-hexanol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.928 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-hexanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.71X10-5 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-hexanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.24X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Hexanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2).

An estimated BCF of 21 was calculated for 1-hexanol(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.03(1) and regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

10.23 L/kg|A Koc of 10.2 was determined for 1-hexanol on a Hagerstown silt loam soil(1). According to a suggested classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that 1-hexanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1-hexanol is 1.71X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-hexanol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 20 days(SRC). 1-Hexanol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1-Hexanol is expected to volatilize slowly from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.928 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: 1-Hexanol was detected in drinking water samples collected from facilities in Poplarville, MS (March 2, 1979) and Cincinnati, OH (October 17, 1978)(1).

1-Hexanol was identified as 0.4 percent of all volatile components detected in mature kiwi fruit and 2 percent of all volatile components detected in ripe kiwi fruit(1). 1-Hexanol was identified as a volatile constituent of mature and overripe guava fruit at respective concns of 3,019.8 and 2,378.7 ug/kg(2). 1-Hexanol was found at a concn range of 50-180 ug/kg in volatile constituents of nectarines(3). 1-Hexanol was detected in the volatiles of dried legumes at a concn range of 2-69 ppb(4). 1-Hexanol was identified as a volatile component of garlic at a concn range of 0.08-0.23 ug/g garlic bulb(5). Fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds were found to contain 2886 to 3481 ug/kg of 1-hexanol(6).|1-Hexanol was identified as a volatile component of fried bacon(1), roasted filberts(2), raw and roasted earth almonds (Cyperus esculentus L.)(3), mutton(4), chicken(4), pork(4), cured ham(5), raw beef(4,6), frankfurters(7), chickpeas(8), Kogyoku apple(9), Beaufort (Gruyere) cheese(10) and in food products processed from the Cassava root(11). 1-Hexanol was also identified as a volatile component of edible Korean chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb)(12) and in heated peanut oil(13). 1-Hexanol was qualitatively identified as a volatile constituent of clams, including short-necked clams(14).|/USED/ IN NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AT 6.6 PPM; ICE CREAM, ICES, ETC 26 PPM; CANDY 21 PPM; BAKED GOOD 18 PPM; & GELATINS & PUDDINGS 0.22-0.28 PPM.

1-Hexanol was detected, not quantified in store bought milk in Australia(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 27,055 workers (8,574 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-hexanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-hexanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-hexanol is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-hexanol via inhalation of ambient air and during the use of household wax products, ingestion of food (it is contained naturally in a number of animal, vegetable, and marine sources) and drinking water. Exposure to 1-hexanol will also occur through the use of consumer products containing 1-hexanol(SRC). 1-Hexanol was qualitatively detected in the headspace of wax paste for leather conservation and finish, liquid floor wax, and liquid wax for ceramic floors(2).

1-Hexanol was qualitatively identified in 1 of 46 adipose tissue samples collected during fiscal year 1982 according to the National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS)(1).

Mesh Heading: Anesthetics, Nicotinic antagonists

Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site. (See all compounds classified as Anesthetics.)|Drugs that bind to nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) and block the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists. Nicotinic antagonists block synaptic transmission at autonomic ganglia, the skeletal neuromuscular junction, and at central nervous system nicotinic synapses. (See all compounds classified as Nicotinic Antagonists.)

The permeability of excised rat skin to 1-hexanol was increased by hydration for the first ten hours, then returned to baseline.|The in vitro dermal flux in human skin (epidermis) was reported to be 0.044 mg/sq cm/hr, indicating a low rate of dermal uptake.

Through successive oxidation processes, 1-hexanol is converted to hexanoic acid, which then undergoes beta-oxidation.|1-Hexanol has a high affinity for ADH /alcohol dehydrogenase/, similar to amyl and n-octyl alcohol, and is a potent inhibitor of ethanol oxidation. 1-Hexanol is metabolized by direct conjugation with glucuronic acid and by oxidation to the carboxylic acid and eventually to carbon dioxide.|Metabolic studies in rabbits indicate that oxidation to hexanoic acid is the major pathway, mediated by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Direct conjugation with glucuronic acid is a minor pathway.

... Ethanol and 1-hexanol were found to have two competing concentration-dependent effects on the Ca(2+)- and phorbol ester- or diacylglycerol-dependent activities of PKCalpha associated with either RhoA or Cdc42, consisting of a potentiation at low alcohol levels and an attenuation of activity at higher levels. Measurements of the Ca(2+), phorbol ester, and diacylglycerol concentration-response curves for Cdc42-induced activation indicated that the activating effect corresponded to a shift in the midpoints of each of the curves to lower activator concentrations, while the attenuating effect corresponded to a decrease in the level of activity induced by maximal activator levels. The presence of ethanol enhanced the interaction of PKCalpha with Cdc42 within a concentration range corresponding to the potentiating effect, whereas the level of binding was unaffected by higher ethanol levels that were found to attenuate activity.

Co-products of acetaldehyde-crotonaldehyde reaction /to produce hexanol/ are 1-decanol and 1-octanol.|The by-product of acetaldehyde-butyraldehyde aldolization /to produce hexanol/ is 2-ethyl-1-butanol.|Commercial plasticizer hexanol contains acidity (0.001% as acetic acid), carbonyl (<0.003 wt % oxygen), and 0.05% moisture

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)|Liquid causes eye burns and skin irritation. Breathing vapors is not expected to cause systemic illness. (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)|In case of contact, immediately flush skin and eyes with plenty of water. Wash eyes at least 15 min. and get medical care. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/|Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ 1-Hexanol (1% in petrolatum) did not produce skin irritation after a 48 hr closed-patch test in humans and did not cause sensitization reactions.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Liquid causes eye burns and skin irritation.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Overexposure to 1-hexanol is likely to lead to irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract and possible ... /CNS depression/.|/CASE REPORTS/ ... In 4 instances of corneal burns in workmen, recovery was complete in 48 hr.|/BIOMONITORING/ A capillary gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection is available for measuring 1-hexanol in urine. A method involving a capillary gas chromatographic method with normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed for detecting 1-hexanol in plasma.

1-hexanol

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

Grades: Technical (90-99%); purified (99.8%).|Blend of hexanol, 4%; octanol, 42%; decanol, 54%|Epal 610: C6 alcohol, 17 wt%; C8 alcohol, 36 wt%; C10 alcohol, 47 wt% /from table/|Epal 810: C6 alcohol, 1 wt%; C8 alcohol, 45 wt%; C10 alcohol, 54 wt% /from table/|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for 1-HEXANOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|1-Hexanol: ACTIVE|Hexanol: ACTIVE|Alcohols, C6-9: ACTIVE|Commercial products from the family of 6 to 11 carbon alcohols that make up the plasticizer range are available both as ... pure single carbon chain materials and as complex isomeric mixtures. Commercial descriptions of plasticizer range alcohols are ... in general a ... pure material is called "-anol" /eg, 1-hexanol/, and the mixtures are called "-yl alcohol /eg, hexyl alcohol/ or "iso...yl alcohol" /isohexyl alcohol/.

VOLATILE MATERIAL IS COLLECTED IN ONLY 1 ML OF METHYLENECHLORIDE CONTAINING SUITABLE INTERNAL STD. METHOD ALLOWS QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TOTAL ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT & PERCENTAGE OF INDIVIDUAL CMPD IN LESS THAN 4 HR, INCL SAMPLE PREPN, STEAM DISTL-EXTRACTION & CAPILLARY GC.|A HEADSPACE PROCEDURE SUITABLE FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ASSAY OF VOLATILE SUBSTANCES IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES IS DISCUSSED. ASSAY RANGE, LINEARITY, & PRECISION ARE REPORTED FOR CARBOPACK B MATERIAL.

Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty alcohols [FA05]|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree|Cosmetics -> Antifoaming; Hydrotrope; Solvent; Surfactant

Flavoring Agents