Ammonium bifluoride

57.04320

57.03900

215-676-4

C2M215358O

1727

DTXSID9029645

Rhombic or tetragonal crystals|Orthorhombic crystals|White crystals

2826191010

3.24000

1.38930

DryPowder; OtherSolid; OtherSolid, Liquid; PelletsLargeCrystals

1.50 g/cm³

125.6 °C

240 °C

240ºC

Index of refraction = 1.390

H2O: 630 g/L (20 ºC)

Solution /USP topical fluoride solution/ should be stored in Plax (plastic), paraffin lined, or pyrex bottles.

19.4mmHg at 25°C

Odorless

pH = 3.5 (5% solution)

Deliquescent|Standard heat of formation = -798.3 kJ/mol; Heat of fusion = 19.1 kJ/mol; Heat of solution = 20.3 kJ/mol; Heat of dissociation = 141.4 kJ/mol; Heat capacity = 106.7 J/mol-K at 25 °C; Hygroscopic if ambient humidity over 50%; no tendency to form hydrates

Will etch glass|In presence of moisture will corrode glass, cement, and most metals.

65.3 kJ/mol

II

8

UN 1727

1

R25; R34

S22-S26-S37-S45

BQ9200000

C

Missing Phrase - N15.00950417-P260-P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

H301-H314

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Waste annoniacal bromate and ammonium bifluoride soln were disposed of by evaporation. No air pollution was observed.|Group III Containers (both combustible and non-combustible) that previously held organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides should be triple rinsed, punctured and disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Non-rinsed containers should be encapsulated and buried at a specially designated landfill site. /Organic mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides/

... Reacts with silicon containing materials like glass or ceramics at room temperature (formation of SiF4). It also reacts with concentrated acids (formation of HF) and concentrated alkaline solutions (formation of NH3).

Ammonium bifluoride is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

|Danger|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P350, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 3100 companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P363, P405, and P501|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P312, P314, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Wear rubber overclothing, Bureau of Mines approved respirator; rubber gloves; safety goggles|Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. Wear appropriate chemical protective ... boots ... If contact with material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.

Neutralizing agents ... flush with water, rinse with dilute soln of sodium bicarbonate or soda ash.|Environmental considerations- land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cemented powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.|Environmental considerations- water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.|Environmental considerations- air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.

Ammonium bifluoride soln should be thoroughly washed from the skin with mildly alkaline soap as soon as possible. ...|If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.|Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Avoid breathing fumes from burning material.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Ammonium bifluoride, solid; Ammonium bifluoride, solution/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Ammonium bifluoride, solid; Ammonium bifluoride, solution/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Ammonium bifluoride, solid; Ammonium bifluoride, solution/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Ammonium bifluoride, solid; Ammonium bifluoride, solution/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for AMMONIUM BIFLUORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Inhalation of dust may cause irritation of the resp system.|Contact with dust irritates eyes ...

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 2.5 mg/cu m. /Fluorides as F/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-2 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 2.5 mg/cu m. /Fluoride as dust/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

LD50 Rat oral about 130 mg/kg

/PLANTS/ The visible effects of toxic concentrations of fluoride on plants are well documented. They may include chlorosis, peripheral necrosis, leaf distortion, and malformation or abnormal fruit development. None of these symptoms are specific to fluoride, and the effects of many other stresses may appear very similar. The diagnosis of fluoride injury normally involves both visual and chemical evidence, and comparison of a number of species of known tolerance growing around the source. Factors relating to the frequency of exposure have also to be taken into account. /Fluoride/

Populations that appear to be at increased risk from the effects of fluoride are individuals that suffer from diabetes insipidus or some forms of renal impairment. These high risk populations represent a relatively small segment of the general populations. /Fluoride/

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes. (See all compounds classified as Mutagens.)

Fluorides are absorbed from GI tract, lung, & skin. GI tract is major site of absorption. The relatively sol cmpd, such as sodium fluoride, are almost completely absorbed ... Fluoride has been detected in all organs & tissues examined ... There is no evidence that it is concentrated in any tissues except bone, thyroid, aorta, & perhaps kidney. Fluoride is preponderantly deposited in the skeleton & teeth, & the degree of skeletal storage is related to intake and age. ... A function of the turnover rate of skeletal components, with growing bone showing greater fluoride deposition than bone in mature animals. ... Major route of ... excretion is by way of kidneys ... also excreted in small amt by sweat glands, lactating breast, & GI tract. ... About 90% of fluoride ion filtered by glomerulus is reabsorbed by renal tubules. /Fluoride salts/|In female rats, the skeletons of younger rats apparently are more efficient at removing fluoride from circulation than are those of older rats. /Sodium fluoride/|Following ingestion, soluble fluorides are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract at least to the extent of 97%. Absorbed fluoride is distributed throughout the tissues of the body by the blood. Fluoride concentrations is soft tissues fall to pre-exposure levels within a few hours of exposure. Fluoride exchanges with hydroxyl radicals of hydroxyapatite (the inorganic constituent of bone) to form fluorohydroxyapatite. Fluoride that is not retained is excreted rapidly in urine. In adults under steady state intake conditions, the urinary concentration of fluoride tends to approximate the concentration of fluoride in the drinking water. This reflects the decreasing retention of fluoride (primarily in bone) with increasing age. Under certain conditions perspiraton may be an important route of fluoride excretion. The concentration of fluoride retained in bones and teeth is a function of both the concentration of fluoride intake and the duration of exposure. Periods of excessive fluoride exposure will result in increased retention in the bone. However, when the excessive exposure is eliminated, the bone fluoride concentration will decrease to a concentration that is again reflective of intake. /Fluoride salts/|The degree of absorption of a fluoride compound is best correlated with its solubility. /Fluoride salts/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for AMMONIUM BIFLUORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Half-life: 2-9 hours

Since approximately two-thirds of this agent is fluoride, most of its toxicity is relatable to fluoride at a cellular level; fluoride binds to serum calcium (thus causing hypocalcemia) and decreases oxygen consumption; also causes direct mucosal damage.|Inhibition of one or more enzymes controlling cellular glycolysis (and perhaps resp) may result in a critical lesion. ... Binding or precipitation of calcium as calcium fluoride ... suggested as mechanism underlying many diverse signs and symptoms in fluoride poisoning, particularly if death is delayed. ... At least in some species fluoride interferes with both contractile power of heart and the mechanism of beat in a way that cannot be ascribed to hypocalcemia. /Fluoride/|The mechanism for acute lethality at high fluoride dose levels is not fully defined. It is believed that certain essential enzymatic reactions may be blocked and there may be interference with the origin and transmission of nerve impulses. The metabolic roles of calcium and physical damage to the kidney and the mucosa of the stomach and intestine are also believed to be associated with the acute lethality mechanism. Fluoride interacts with bones and teeth by replacing hydroxyl or bicarbonate ions in hydroxyapatite to form fluorohydroxyapatite. Fluoride may function as an essential key to bring about precipitation or nucleation of the apatite lattice in an oriented fashion on collagen fibers. Accretion of new mineral continues, and fluoride, brought to the surfaces of newly formed crystals by the extracellular fluid, replaces the hydroxyl ion. As crystal growth continues, fluoride is incorporated into inner layers of the crystals as well as on the surface. Remodeling of the bone structure takes place by an interplay of osteoclastic resorption of old bone and osteoblastic deposition of new bone. The presence of fluorohydroxyapatite increases the crystalline structure of the bone and reduces its solubility. Available evidence suggests that dental fluorosis results from toxic effects of fluoride on the epithelial enamel organ. Specifically, several investigators have shown that ameloblasts are susceptible to fluoride. Dental staining often accompanies fluorosis but does not itself determine the degree of fluorosis. The staining is believed to be due to the oxidation of organic material in defective enamel or the penetration of hypoplastic sections of enamel by food pigments. /Fluoride/

Corrosives

Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Monitor ECG and serum calcium, magnesium, and potassium for at least 4 to 6 hours. Admit symptomatic patients with ECG or electrolyte abnormalities to an intensive care setting. When clinically significant hypocalcemia is present, administer intravenous calcium gluconate ... and monitor ionized calcium levels and titrate further doses as needed. Treat hypomagnesemia with intravenous magnesium sulfate... . Treat hypokalemia with intravenous calcium and other usual measures. Do not induce vomiting because of the risk of abrupt onset of seizures and arrhythmias. Administer an antacid containing calcium (eg, calcium carbonate) orally to raise gastric pH and complex free fluoride, reducing absorption. Foods rich in calcium (eg, milk) can also bind fluoride. Magnesium-containing antacids have also been recommended but there are little data for their effectiveness. ... Consider gastric lavage for recent large ingestions. Activated charcoal does not absorb fluoride and is not likely to be beneficial. Because fluoride rapidly binds to free calcium and bone and has a short elimination half-life, hemodialysis is not likely to be effective.|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures adn treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Most available toxicity information on fluoride relates to acute toxicity of hydrofluoric acid (''HF''). However, other water soluble fluoride-containing compounds can cause fluoride poisoning. The fluoride ion is systemically absorbed almost immediately. It is highly penetrating and reactive and can cause both systemic poisoning and tissue destruction. Fluoride ions, once separated from either HF or fluoride salts, penetrate deep into tissues, causing burning at sites deeper than the original exposure site. The process of tissue destruction can continue for days. Fluoride absorption can produce hyperkalemia (elevated serum potassium), hypocalcemia (lowered serum calcium), hypomagnesemia (lowered serum magnesium), and metabolic and respiratory acidosis. These disturbances can then bring on cardiac arrhythmia, respiratory stimulation followed by respiratory depression, muscle spasms, convulsions, central nervous system (''CNS'') depression, possible respiratory paralysis or cardiac failure, and death. Fluoride may also inhibit cellular respiration and glycolysis, alter membrane permeability and excitability, and cause neurotoxic and adverse GI effects. When exposure is through inhalation, fluorides can cause severe chemical burns to the respiratory system. Inhalation can result in difficulty breathing (dyspnea), bronchospasms, chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, airway obstruction, and tracheobronchitis. The severity of burns from dermal absorption can vary depending on the concentration of fluoride available, duration of the exposure, the surface area exposed, and the penetrability of the exposed tissue. Ocular exposure can result in serious eye injury. Ingestion of fluoride can result in mild to severe GI symptoms. Reports suggest that ingesting 3 to 5 milligrams of fluoride per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg) causes vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Ingestion of more than 5 mg/kg may produce systemic toxicity. A retrospective poison control center study of fluoride ingestions reported that symptoms, primarily safely tolerated GI symptoms that tended to resolve within 24 hours, developed following ingestions of 4 to 8.4 mg/kg of fluoride.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Human fatalities have resulted from both oral exposure to sodium fluoride and dermal exposure to hydrofluoric acid. Dermal exposure to hydrofluoric acid is often accompanied by inhalation of hydrofluoric acid fumes. Human studies and case reports have investigated the effects of nonlethal oral doses of sodium fluoride, although only after acute exposure. These exposures have resulted in mostly gastrointestinal effects and consequences of hypocalcemia (e.g., nervous system and cardiovascular effects). /Sodium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Toxic if taken internally. Hydrofluoric acid burns may occur if the material comes in contact with moist skin.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Contact with dust irritates eyes and may cause burns or rash on skin.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM BIFLUORIDE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ammonium bifluoride

Grades or Purity: Pure, 99+%; Technical, 97-98.5%|-10 mesh particle size, 99.9% purity grade; white translucent flake grade; white crystal grades

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Ammonium fluoride ((NH4)(HF2)): ACTIVE|Much of the commercial interest in the ammonium fluorides stems from their chemical reactivity as less hazardous substitutes for hydrofluoric acid.|Herbicidal compositions were prepd by adding acid ammonium fluoride to an herbicidal composition based on sulfamic acid or its salts.

Fluoride- Electrode Method. This method is suitable for fluoride concn from 0.1 to more than 10 mg/l. The fluoride electrode is a selective ion sensor. The key element in the fluoride electrode is the laser-type doped lanthanum fluoride crystal across which a potential is lished by fluoride soln of different concn. The crystal contacts the sample soln at one face and an internal reference soln at the other. The fluoride electrode measures the ion activity of fluoride in soln rather than concn. Fluoride ion activity depends on the soln total ionic strength and pH, and on fluoride complexing species. Adding an appropriate buffer provides a uniform ionic strength background, adjusts pH, and breaks up complexes so that, in effect, the electrode measures concn. A synthetic sample containing 0.850 mg fluoride ion/l in distilled water was analyzed in 111 laboratories with relative standard deviation of 3.6% and relative error of 0.7%. /Total fluoride/|Fluoride- SPADNS Method. This method is suitable only for concn in the range of 0.05 to 1.4 mg/l. The reaction rate between fluoride and zirconium ion is influenced greatly by the acidity of the reaction mixture. If the proportion of acid in the reagent is incr, the reaction can be made almost instantaneous. Under such conditions, however, the effect of various ions differs from that in the conventional alizarin method. The selection of dye for this rapid fluoride method is governed largely by the resulting tolerance to these ions. A synthetic sample contanining 0.830 mg fluoride ion/l and no interference in distilled water was analyzed in 53 laboratories with a relative standard deviation of 8.0% and a relative error of 1.2%. After direct distillation of the sample, the relative standard deviation was 11.0% and the relative error 2.4%. /Total fluoride/|MATRIX: AIR; PROCEDURE: ION SPECIFIC ELECTRODE; RANGE: 0.05 TO 475 MG/CU M FLUORIDE. /TOTAL FLUORIDE/|FLUORIDES (EG URANIUM HEXAFLUORIDE) IN AIR ARE PHOTOMETRICALLY DETECTED WITH AN APPARATUS WITH A VERTICAL AIR PASSAGE DUCT EQUIPPED WITH A FLOW REGULATOR, A FLOW METER, A UNIT CONTAINING A TRANSPARENT BEDDING MATERIAL (EG SIO2), & AN AIR PUMP, IN SEQUENCE. THE MAGNITUDE OF LIGHT TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE MATERIAL DURING & AFTER PASSAGE OF THE FLUORIDE-CONTAMINATED AIR IS MONITORED & COMPARED WITH STD VALUE. /FLUORIDES/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for AMMONIUM BIFLUORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

MATRIX: URINE: PROCEDURE: ION SPECIFIC ELECTRODE; RANGE: LOWER LIMIT URINE 0.19 MG/L. /TOTAL FLUORIDE/|CHARGED PARTICLE ACTIVATION TECHNIQUE IS USEFUL IN NONDESTRUCTIVELY DETERMINING CONCN PROFILES OF F- IN EXTRACTED TEETH. /FLUORIDE/|NIOSH 8308: Analyte: fluoride ion (F-); Specimen: urine, pre- and post-shift; Vol: 50 ml in chemically clean polyethylene bottles; Preservative: 0.2 g EDTA added to bottles before collection; Stability: 2 wk @ 4 °C, longer if frozen; Technique: ion selective electrode; Quality control: spike urine pools, correct for creatinine content; Range: 1-100 mg/l urine; Est LOD: 0.1 mg/l urine; Precision(Sr): 0.04; Interferences: Hydroxide, the only positive interference, is eliminated by use of the buffer /Fluoride in urine/

Health Hazards -> Corrosives