Ammonium hydroxide

35.04580

35.05

215-647-6

0215

2672

DTXSID4020080

Colorless liquid

2814200010

23.06000

0.19940

Ammonium hydroxide appears as a colorless aqueous solution. Concentration of ammonia ranges up to approximately 30%. Ammonia vapors (which arise from the solution) irritate the eyes.

0.90 g/cm³ (approx) @ Temp: 25 °C

-77ºC

36ºC

Solubility in water: miscible

Store at RT.

5990mmHg at 25°C

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 0.6

Intense, pungent, suffocating odor

Acrid taste

pH= 11.6 (1.0 N solution); 11.1 (0.1 N solution); 10.6 (0.01 N solution)

pKb= 4.767, Kb= 1.710X10-5 at 20 °C; pKb= 4.751, Kb= 1.774X10-5 at 25 °C; pKb= 4.740, Kb= 1.820X10-5 at 30 °C

Reaction with sulfuric acid or other strong mineral acids is exothermic; mixture becomes boiling hot|Fumes are formed when ammonia water is brought near volatile acids|Specific gravity: 0.957 25 °C/25 °C /Ammonia water - 10%/|Specific gravity (20 °C/4 °C) (Solution concn): 0.9939 (1%); 0.9811 (4%); 0.9651 (8%); 0.9362 (16%); 0.9229 (20%); 0.9101 (24%); 0.8980 (28%)|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Water soluble. Generates a small amount of heat when diluted with water.

Bases, Weak

AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE reacts exothermically with acids. Evolves toxic gaseous ammonia with strong bases. Reacts extremely violently with dimethyl sulfate [NFPA 491M 1991]. Reacts with aqueous silver nitrate sodium hydroxide to give a black precipitate of silver nitride. Such a precipitate can explode on stirring [MCA Case History 1554 1968]. Aqueous ammonia and Hg react to form an explosive solid, likely a fulminate. (Thodos, G. Amer. Inst. Chen. Engrs. J., 1964, 10, 274.).

Dissolves copper, zinc

III

8

UN 2672 8/PG 3

2

R34; R50

S26-S36/37/39-S45-S61

BQ9625000

C

Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. See Notes.

Stable. Incompatible with copper, copper alloys, acids, galvanised iron, zinc, aluminium, bronze, dimethyl sulphate, mercury, alkali metals.

P260-P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

H314-H335-H412

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Neutralization: Put into large vessel containing water. Neutralize with hydrochloric acid. ... Recommendable methods: Landfill, ... chemical treatment. Not recommendable method: Thermal destruction. Peer-review: Small amounts only: Landfill, great dilution before discharge to sewer. Large amounts of ammonia in landfill leachate may make disposal of leachate difficult. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

CAUSTIC LIQ FORMS EXPLOSIVE CMPD WITH MANY HEAVY METALS SUCH AS SILVER, LEAD, ZINC, & THEIR SALTS, ESPECIALLY HALIDE SALTS.|With sodium hydroxide and silver nitrate: During preparation of an oxidizing agent on a larger scale than described, addition of warm sodium hydroxide solution to warm ammoniacal silver nitrate with stirring caused immediate precipitation of black silver nitride, which exploded. Similar incidents had been reported previously, including one where explosion appeared to be initiated by addition of Devarda's alloy (Al-Cu-Zn).|Incompatible with acrolein, nitromethane, acrylic acid, chlorosulfonic acid, dimethyl sulfate, halogens, (Au + aqua regia), HCl, HF, HNO3, oleum, beta-propiolactone, propylene oxide, ... Ag2O, (Ag2O + C2H5OH), AgMnO4, H2SO4.|Reaction with sulfuric acid or other strong mineral acids is exothermic; mixture becomes boiling hot|Fumes are formed when ammonia water is brought near volatile acids

Ammonium hydroxide used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.|Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible.

|Danger|H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P391, P405, and P501|H314 (99.95%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 6165 companies from 87 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P321, P330, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H290: May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]|P234, P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P321, P330, P363, P390, P404, P405, and P501|P234, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P310, P314, P321, P330, P363, P390, P404, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)|In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|Employees working in areas where /ammonium hydroxide/ is used must be trained in escape methods and in the use of safety equipment, including goggles, gas masks, showers, eye fountains, water hoses, exits, lifelines and first-aid equipment ... Equipment must by constantly inspected to prevent accidents. All valves should be labeled to prevent accidental opening. If a contaminated area must be entered, a full-face airline mask or self-contained oxygen mask must be worn.|[ACGIH; Guidelines Select of Chem Protect Clothing Volume #1 Field Guide p.67 (1983)] Some data suggest breakthrough times for ammonium hydroxide of approximately an hour or more for natural rubber. For ammonium hydroxide (30-70%), breakthrough times greater than one hour have been reported (normally) by two or more testers for viton.|For ammonium hydroxide, two or more testers have reported (normally) breakthrough times for neoprene to be greater than one hour.|For ammonium hydroxide, two or more testers have reported (normally) breakthrough times for nitrile rubber to be greater than one hour.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Use care in handling strong ammonia solution because of caustic nature of solution & irritating properties of its vapor. Cool container well before opening, & cover closure with a cloth or similar material while opening.|... GREATEST HAZARD OF WORKING WITH ALKALINE MATERIALS IS FROM SPLASH OR SPLATTER OF PARTICLES OR SOLN OF STRONGER ALKALIES ENTERING EYES OF WORKMEN. THIS CAN BE PREVENTED BY USE OF EYE PROTECTION THAT IS EFFECTIVE AT ALL ANGLES. PROPER PROVISIONS SHOULD ... BE AVAIL FOR IMMEDIATE & PROLONGED WASHING WITH WATER SHOULD ... EYE CONTAMINATION OCCUR.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Ammonium hydroxide; Ammonium hydroxide, with more than 10% but not more than 35% Ammonia/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Ammonium hydroxide; Ammonium hydroxide, with more than 10% but not more than 35% Ammonia/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Ammonium hydroxide; Ammonium hydroxide, with more than 10% but not more than 35% Ammonia/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Ammonium hydroxide; Ammonium hydroxide, with more than 10% but not more than 35% Ammonia/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Ammonium hydroxide causes extremely painful irritation of all mucous membranes.|BOTH LIQ & VAPOR EXTREMELY IRRITATING, ESP TO EYES.

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Cautiously neutralize spilled liquid with dilute acid such as dilute sulfuric acid. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of high concentrations of the vapour may cause laryngeal oedema, inflammation of the respiratory tract and pneumonia. Exposure could cause asphyxiation due to swelling in the throat. The effects may be delayed.

Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause effects on the lungs.

STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of ammonium hydroxide stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact), exposure to this colorless, intensely pungent-smelling liquid may occur from its use in fertilizers, dyes, explosives, plastics, cleansing agents, fibers, and resins. Effects from exposure may include extreme irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes, contact burns to the skin and eyes, and life-threatening pulmonary edema. In activities and situations where over-exposure is possible, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus, and protective clothing (including full face protection). If contact should occur, immediately flush affected skin or eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, and remove contaminated clothing and shoes at the site. While ammonium hydroxide does not ignite easily, it can burn with the production of irritating or poisonous gases. Fires involving ammonium hydroxide may be extinguished with dry chemical, CO2, Halon, water spray, fog, or standard foam. Ammonium hydroxide may be shipped via air, rail, road, and water, in containers bearing warning labels that differ depending upon the density, specific gravity, and percent composition of the solution being shipped. Consult the regulatory requirements of the US Department of Transportation before shipping. Ammonium hydroxide should be stored in cool, well-ventilated areas, in strong glass, plastic, or rubber stoppered bottles, away from heavy metals, acids, and combustibles (eg, wood, paper, oil). For small spills of ammonium hydroxide, first isolate the spill area, then take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and place into a container for later disposal. Large spills should be diked far ahead of the spill, taking care to stay out of low areas. Before implementing land disposal of waste ammonium hydroxide, consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

LD50 Rat oral 350 mg/kg

10% ammonia water as a reflex respiratory stimulant; MEDICATION (VET): externally on bites & stings; As rubefacient on bruises, sprains; Inhalant; Internally as an antacid & carminative /Ammonia water-10%/

... EXCRETION IS PRIMARILY BY WAY OF KIDNEYS, BUT A NOT INSIGNIFICANT AMT IS PASSED THROUGH SWEAT GLANDS.|... Ammonium toxicity induced by ammonium acetate administration in frogs led to variable excretion of ammonia and urea into the medium. When 11.45 mM/kg body wt of ammonium acetate was administered, ammonia excretion increased while urea excretion decreased. When 4.17 mM/kg body wt of ammonium acetate was administered, the urea excretion increased while NH3 excretion decreased.|Ammonium hydroxide penetrates fastest, followed by sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and finally calcium hydroxide.

Male rats gavaged with 1000 umol (15)N-ammonium chloride each day for 5 days excreted low, but significant amounts of excess (15)N-NO3- in urine on the 5 days of treatment & on the 5 subsequent days. An in vitro chemical model system was used to demonstrate that oxidation of ammonia to NO3- by the hydroxyl radical at physiological pH is chemically feasible. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ammonia is oxidized to NO3- in vivo by a nonenzymic process which involves active O species such as the hydroxyl radical.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)|Corrosives

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Agents causing ocular burns, steps in treatment, and special problems are described. Injuries are caused by neutral organic, acid, and alkali compounds. Contact time and pH are the most important variables in any chemical burn. The corneal epithelium and endothelium provide a barrier to water soluble substances while the stroma is a barrier to lipid soluble substances. Alkali compounds cause most severe injuries depending on the hydroxyl ion concentration and the cation. Calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide are most often responsible for alkali burns. Ammonium hydroxide penetrates most rapidly of all alkali compounds.|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 6 to 12 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic bases/alkaline corrosives and related cmpds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of pulmonary edema. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic bases/alkaline corrosives and related cmpds/

... IN CASE IN WHICH 1 DROP OF AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE SOLN OF APPROX 9% CONCN WAS ACCIDENTALLY APPLIED TO PATIENTS EYE, & IRRIGATION WITH WATER ... STARTED WITHIN 10 SEC BECAUSE OF IMMEDIATE SEVERE PAIN & BLEPHAROSPASM, PH OF CONJUNCTIVA & CORNEA ... WITHIN 3 MIN ... RETURNED TO NORMAL, YET MOST OF CORNEAL EPITHELIUM WAS ALREADY LOST.|IN SEVERE INJURIES, WHERE CONCN AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE SOLN ... HAS SPLASHED INTO EYE, OR FOLLOWING CONTACT WITH DIL SOLN, BUT WITH DELAY IN 1ST AID IRRIGATION, THROMBOSIS OF CONJUNCTIVAL & EPISCLERAL VESSELS, EVIDENT ON BIOMICROSCOPIC EXAM, MAY GIVE EARLY EYE UNNATURAL PALLOR & COOKED APPEARANCE.|... A CASE OF SEVERE CORNEAL & CONJUNCTIVAL ULCER WHICH DEVELOPED 10 DAYS AFTER AMMONIA WATER SPLASHED IN EYE /IS REPORTED/.|AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE DIFFERS FROM OTHER ALKALIS IN ITS VOLATILITY; VAPOR (NH3) EVEN IN LOW CONCN IS EXTREMELY IRRITATING TO SKIN, EYES, & RESP PASSAGES. ... INGESTION OF AMMONIA SOLN PRODUCES EFFECTS SIMILAR TO OTHER CORROSIVE ALKALIS, NOTABLY CORROSIVE ESOPHAGITIS & GASTRITIS.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

ammonium hydroxide

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol or vapour and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath.

Redness. Pain. Blisters. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe burns.

CONSUMPTION PATTERN FOR /AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE & ANHYD AMMONIA/: FERTILIZER USE AND CHEM INT FOR FERTILIZER, 74%; CHEM INT IN MANUFACTURE OF FIBERS, PLASTICS, RESINS, AND ELASTOMERS, 6%; CHEM INT IN MANUFACTURE OF EXPLOSIVES, 4%; CHEM INT FOR LIVESTOCK FEED, 2%; MISCELLANEOUS USES (EG, AS A REFRIGERANT, AS A SOLVENT FOR CASEIN AND AS A WOOD PULPING CHEM), 14% (1975)

... AMMONIA IS COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED AS AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF 28 PERCENT (AQUAMMONIA), CALLED AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AND 10 PERCENT, CALLED HOUSEHOLD AMMONIA.|... STRONG AMMONIA SOLN (USP) IS 27 TO 30% (WT/VOL) NH3.|Grades: technical; chemically pure; 16%; 20%; 26%; NF (strong); Food Chemical Codex|Aqueous soln of ammonia ... is often referred to & labeled as a soln of ammonium hydroxide /although there is little ammonium hydroxide present/. In commerce, ammonia is avail ... in form of aqueous soln of varying concn, or as anhydrous ammonia furnished in liquefied form ... Ammonia in household use contains 10% ammonia & is ... known as 16 deg ammonia (referring to density in degrees Baume, a concn term). /Ammonia/

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|Ammonium hydroxide ((NH4)(OH)): ACTIVE|A solution of 28-29% NH3 in water.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Specialized Industrial Chemicals|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues|Food additives|Health Hazards -> Corrosives|Cosmetics -> Buffering; Denaturant

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR;