Bromophos

366

366.00

218-277-3

74A4TNE8C3

527602

DTXSID1041683

Yellow crystals

2920190090

59.8

5.21

1.7±0.1 g/cm3

53-54 °C

140-142 °C @ Press: 0.01 Torr

>100 °C

1.592

In water, 0.65 mg/l @ 20 deg C

0-6°C

1.3X10-4 mm Hg @ 20 deg C

Oral-Rat LD50: 1600 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 2829 mg/kg

Combustion produces toxic phosphorus oxides, sulfur oxides and chloride gases

Faint characteristic odor

157.19 Ų [M+H]+

Non-corrosive

UN30779/PG3

3

22-50/53

2-36-60-61-46

TE7175000

Xn;N,N,Xn

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

This compound is 50% hydrolyzed at pH 13 and 22 deg C in 3.5 hours.

P273-P301 + P312 + P330-P391-P501

H302-H410

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Tafuri J, Roberts J; Organophosphate Poisoning; Ann Emerg Med 16 (2): 193-202 (1987)

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P301+P312, P330, P391, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 41 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

USE OF RUBBER GLOVES, GOGGLES, RESPIRATOR &...PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/|WORKERS HANDLING AND APPLYING ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES ... MUST BE GIVEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT COMPRISING OVERALLS MADE OF A TIGHT FABRIC OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, GLOVES AND RUBBER BOOTS. THEY MUST WEAR A RESPIRATOR WITH AN ACTIVATED-CARBON GAS FILTER CARTRIDGE AFFORDING PROTECTION FOR A DETERMINED NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS. THE EYES SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY GOGGLES. ... /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/

ANY MATERIAL SPILLED ON SKIN SHOULD BE IMMEDIATELY REMOVED WITH SOAP & WATER. WHEN SPRAYING & DUSTING...CONTAMINATED CLOTHING SHOULD BE CHANGED FREQUENTLY. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/|CONTAINERS ... SHOULD BE CLEANED WITH A SUSPENSION OF BLEACHING POWDER IN WATER OR WITH OTHER ALKALINE SOLN AFTER SOAKING FOR 24 HR AND THEN BE RINSED WITH HOT WATER. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/|THE STRICT OBSERVANCE OF HYGIENE RULES- NO SMOKING AND NO FOOD INTAKE DURING WORK, THOROUGH WASHING WITH SOAP AFTER WORK, CHANGING PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BEFORE GOING HOME- IS OF THE UTMOST IMPORTANCE. /ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES/|THE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING SHOULD BE KEPT IN SEPARATE PLACES WHERE IT CANNOT BE CONTAMINATED WITH TOXIC CHEMICALS. IT SHOULD BE FORBIDDEN TO KEEP THIS CLOTHING IN LIVING QUARTERS. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING MUST BE WASHED AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK AND EACH TIME IT IS CONTAMINATED WITH PESTICIDES. BEFORE WASHING THE CLOTHING SHOULD BE SOAKED FOR SEVERAL HOURS IN A CALCIUM CARBONATE SOLUTION. /PESTICIDES/

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

moderately toxic

ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/|A number of phosphorothionate (P = S) insecticides, including bromophos and fenitrothion, prevent trialkyl phosphorothiolate (P = O) induced lung toxicity and the resulting increase in lung weight normally observed at 3 days in the rat. Oxidative metabolism of phosphorothionates known to occur at the P = S moiety, with suicidal loss of p450, may then prevent oxidative activation of an S-methyl on the phosphorothiolates, the most likely site for production of a reactive intermediate capable of damaging the lung. Lung 7- ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase in rat is sensitive to concentrations of the phosphorothionates bromophos and fenitrothion at 5-25 times less than those causing loss of liver 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity and at doses 125-600 times less than their LD50s.

LD50 Rat oral 4000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 3750-6180 mg/kg|LD50 Rat male oral 1600 mg/kg|LD50 Rat female oral 1730 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Bromophos's former(1) production and use as an insecticide and acaricide(2) resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.21(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that bromophos is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of bromophos from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.3X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.65 mg/l(5); however, adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Bromophos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). A first-order rate constant of 0.008 day-1, which corresponds to a half-life of 88.5 days, was reported for a biodegradation screening study utilizing a soil inoculum(6). The half-life of bromophos in soil under illumination by light greater than 290 nm was reported as 48.3 days, while that of a non-illuminated control was 80 days(7), which suggests that photolysis on soil surfaces is possible.|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 16,000(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 5.21(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that bromophos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.3X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.65 mg/l(5); however, adsorption may attenuate this process. Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 hours and 10 days, respectively if adsorption is neglected(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 1.6 years if adsorption is considered(6). Hydrolysis rate constants of 0.00576 day-1 (pH = 5), 0.0127 day-1 (pH = 7), and 0.438 day-1 were reported for bromophos, and correspond to half-lives of 167.5, 54.82 and 1.61 days, respectively(7). Biodegradation is expected to occur slowly based on screening studies in soil and activated sludge(8,9). Photolysis in sunlit surface waters may also be an important fate process for bromophos(SRC). The half-life of bromophos in seawater was 23 days when incubated in the absence of light and 2 days when exposed to natural sunlight at 22 °C (10). According to a classification scheme(11), BCF values of 39,800 and 44,670 measured in guppies(12), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high.|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), bromophos, which has a vapor pressure of 1.3X10-4 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase bromophos is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hours(SRC), calculated from its estimated rate constant of 5.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C determined using a structure estimation method(3). The half-life of bromophos in rain water under illumination by light greater than 290 nm was reported as 1.5 days, while that of a non-illuminated control was 5.8 days(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of bromophos with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Hydrolysis rate constants of 0.00576 day-1 (pH = 5), 0.0127 day-1 (pH = 7), and 0.438 day-1 were reported for bromphos, and correspond to half-lives of 167.5, 54.82, and 1.61 days, respectively(2). The half-life of bromophos in rainwater under illumination by light greater than 290 nm was reported as 1.5 days, while that of a non-illuminated control was 5.8 days(3). The half-life of bromophos in soil under illumination by light greater than 290 nm was reported as 48.3 days, while that of a non-illuminated control was 80 days(3). The major decomposition product of bromophos photolysis in rainwater was reported to be 4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenol(3). The half-life of bromophos in seawater was 23 days when incubated in the absence of light and 2 days when exposed to natural sunlight at 22 °C(4). The half-lives of bromophos were reported as 170 days (pH 6.1, 6 °C, ultrapure water), 38 days (pH 6.1, 22 °C, ultrapure water), 88 days (pH 7.3, 6 °C, filtered river water), 21 days (pH 7.3, 22 °C, filtered river water), 134 days (pH 8.1, 6 °C, seawater) and 23 days (pH 8.1, 22 °C, seawater)(4).

3.89e+03|Measured BCF values of 39,800 and 44,670 ware reported for bromophos in guppies(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF data suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high.

The Koc of bromophos is estimated as 16,000(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.21(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that bromophos is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for bromophos is estimated as 9.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) 4, derived from its vapor pressure, 1.3X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.65 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that bromophos is expected to volatilize from water surfaces if adsorption is neglected(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 8 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 10 days(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 1.6 years if adsorption is considered(4). Bromophos's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected; however, adsorption may attenuate this process(SRC). Bromophos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Bromophos was detected in cabbage and broccoli from Rome, Italy at an average concn of 3.2 ug/kg(1). Bromophos was detected in 2.4% of parsley samples from Belgium at a max concn of 18.8 ppm and a mean concn of 0.194 ppm(2). Bromophos was detected in 1.1% of radish samples from Belgium at a max concn of 0.03 ppm and a mean concn of 0.005 ppm(2). Bromophos was detected in parsley from Belgium at a concn of greater than 5 ppm(3).

Since bromophos is no longer registered or used as an insecticide(1), occupational exposure and exposure of the general population is expected to be low(SRC).

Main uses ... insecticide, acaricide /from table/

Most organophosphate compounds are ... absorbed from skin, conjunctiva, gastrointestinal tract, & lung. /Organophosphate compounds/|The rate of dermal absorption /of organophosphorus pesticides/ may be ... influenced by the solvent used. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|... The organophosphorus insecticides are, in contrast to the chlorinated insecticides, rapidly metabolized & excreted and are not appreciably stored in body tissues. /Organophosphorus insecticides/|Many of the organophosphorus insecticides are excreted in the milk ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Plasma & tissue enzymes are responsible for hydrolysis /of organophosphorus compounds/ to the corresponding phosphoric & phosphonic acids. However, oxidative enzymes are also involved in the metabolism of some organophosphorus compounds. /Anticholinesterase agents/|The organophosphorus anticholinesterase agents are hydrolyzed in the body by a group of enzymes known as A-esterases or paroxonase. The enzymes are found in plasma and in the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum & can hydrolyze a large number of organophosphorus compounds ... by splitting the anhydride, P-F, P-CN, or ester bond. /Anticholinesterase agents/|These chemicals are detoxified by cytochrome p450 mediated monooxygenases in the liver, but some metabolites are more toxic than parent cmpd. ... Metabolites usually are detected from 12 to 48 hr postexposure. /Organophosphate cmpd/|The detoxification of bromophos takes place at both the methyl and the phenyl phosphate bonds. Following dermal application to cows, bromophos could be detected in the blood at a concentration of about 0.01 ppm, but bromoxon was not detectable. The main metabolite in this species was desmethylbromophos, which was detected in concentrations of 0.4 to 0.7 ppm in both milk and blood. Following ingestion, guinea pigs excrete a substantial proportion of insecticidal material in their feces, either as the parent compound or as some unidentified, insecticidal metabolite.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.33 Days

Organophosphorus derivatives act by combining with and inactivating the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). ... The inactivation of cholinesterase by cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides allows the accumulation of large amounts of acetylcholine, with resultant widespread effects that may be ... separated into 4 categories: (1) Potentiation of postganglionic parasympathetic activity. ... (2) Persistent depolarization of skeletal muscle ... (3) Initial stimulation following depression of cells of central nervous system ... (4) Variable ganglionic stimulation or blockade ... /Cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides/|The main feature of the toxic mechanism of organophosphorus pesticides is inhibition of the esterase enzyme activity, in particular of cholinesterase, which plays an important physiological part. Organophosphorus pesticides can also indirectly interact with the biochemical receptors of acetylcholine. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|Non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action. Cholinesterase inhibitor.

Airway protection. Insure that a clear airway exists. Intubate the patients and aspirate the secretions with a large-bore suction device if necessary. Administer oxygen by mechanically assisted pulmonary ventilation if respiration is depressed. Improve tissue oxygenation as much as possible before administering atropine, so as to minimize the risk of ventricular fibrillation. In severe poisonings, it may be necessary to support pulmonary ventilation mechanically for several days. /Organophosphate pesticides/|Atropine sulfate. Administer atropine sulfate intravenously, or intramuscularly if intravenous injection is not possible. Remember that atropine can be administered through an endotracheal tube if initial IV access if difficult to obtain. Depending on the severity of poisoning, doses of atropine ranging from very low to as high as 300 mg/day may be required, or even continuous infusion. The objective of atropine antidotal therapy is to antagonize the effects of excessive concentrations of acetylcholine at end-organs having muscarinic receptors. Atropine does not reactivate the cholinesterase enzyme or accelerate disposition of organophosphate. Recrudescence of poisoning may occur if tissue concentrations of organophosphate remain high when the effect of atropine wears off. Atropine is effective against muscarinic manifestations, but it is ineffective against nicotinic actions, specifically muscle weakness and twitching, and respiratory depression. Despite the limitations, atropine is often a life-saving agent in organophosphate poisonings. Favorable response to a test dose of atropine (1 mg in adults, 0.01 mg/kg in children under 12 years) can help differentiate poisoning by anticholinesterase agents from other conditions. However, lack of response, with no evidence of atropinization (atropine refractoriness) is typical of more severe poisonings. The adjunctive use of nebulized atropine has been reported to improve respiratory distress, decrease bronchial secretions, and increase oxygenation. /Organophosphate pesticides/|Glycopyrolate has been studied as an alternative to atropine and found to have similar outcomes using continuous infusion. Ampules of 7.5 mg of glycopyrolate were added to 200 ml of saline and this infusion was titrated to the desired effects of dry mucous membranes and heart rate above 60 beats/min. During this study, atropine was used as a bolus for a heart rate less than 60 beats/min. The other apparent advantage to this regimen was a decreased number of respiratory infections. This may represent an alternative when there is a concern for respiratory infection due to excessive and difficult to control secretions, and in the presence of altered level of consciousness where the distinction between atropine toxicity or relapse of organophosphate poisoning is unclear. /Organophosphate pesticides/|Pralidoxime. Before administration of pralidoxime, draw a blood sample (heparinized) for cholinesterase analysis (since pralidoxime tends to reverse the cholinesterase depression). Administer pralidoxime (Protopam, 2-PAM), a cholinesterase reactivator, in cases of severe poisoning by organophosphate pesticides in which respiratory depression, muscle weakness, and/or twitching are severe. When administered early (usually less than 48 hours after poisoning) pralidoxime relieves the nicotinic as well as the muscarinic effects of poisoning. Pralidoxime works by reactivating the cholinesterase and also by slowing the "aging" process of phosphorylated cholinesterase to a non-reactivatable form. ... Dosage of pralidoxime may be repeated in 1-2 hours, then at 10-12 hour intervals if needed. In very severe poisonings, dosage rates may be doubled. Repeated doses of pralidoxime are usually required. In cases that involve continuing absorption of organophosphate (as after ingestion of large amounts), or continuing transfer of highly lipophilic organophosphate from fat into blood, it may be necessary to continue administration of pralidoxime for several days beyond the 48 hour post-exposure interval usually cited as the limit of its effectiveness. ... Blood pressure should be monitored during administration because of the occasional occurrence of hypertensive crisis. Administration should be slowed or stopped if blood pressure rises to hazardous levels. Be prepared to assist pulmonary ventilation mechanically if respiration is depressed during or after pralidoxime administration. If intravenous injection is not possible, pralidoxime may be given by deep intramuscular injection. /Organophosphate pesticides/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

All the organophosphorus insecticides have a cumulative effect by progressive inhibition of cholinesterase ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/|The symptoms of chronic poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticides include headache, weakness, feeling of heaviness in head, decline of memory, quick onset of fatigue, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, & loss of orientation. Psychic disorders, nystagmus, trembling of the hands & other nervous system disorders can be observed in certain cases. Sometimes neuritis, paresis & paralysis develop. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|Toxic effects may include anorexia, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, incontinence, eye changes, weakness, dyspnea, bronchospasm, lacrimation, increased salivation & sweating, bradycardia, hypotension or hypertension due to asphyxia, cyanosis, & muscular twitching of the eyelids, tongue, face, & neck, possibly progressing to convulsions. Central nervous system symptoms include restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness, tremor, ataxia, depression, confusion, & coma. Death may occur from depression of the respiratory or cardiovascular system. Neuropathy appears to be a rare problem with the organophosphorus insecticides now in use. /Organophosphorus insecticides/|Organophosphate insecticides ... are potent cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors that act by interfering with the metabolism of acetylcholine, which results in accumulation of acetylcholine at neuroreceptor transmission sites. Exposure produces a broad spectrum of clinical effects indicative of massive overstimulation of the cholinergic system, including muscarinic effects (parasympathetic), nicotinic effects (sympathetic and motor), and CNS effects. These effects present clinically as feeling of headache, weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, psychosis, respiratory difficulty, paralysis, convulsions, and coma. Typical findings are given by the mnemonic "SLUD." which stands for salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation. A small percentage of patients may fail to demonstrate miosis, a classic diagnostic hallmark. Onset of clinical manifestation of organophosphate poisoning usually occurs within 12 hours of exposure. /Organophosphate insecticides/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for BROMOPHOS (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

bromofos

Trade Names: Cela S-1942, Brofene, Nexion, Brophene, Omexan.|Technical material is at least 90% pure.|Available as 25% and 40% emulsifiable concentrate, 25% wettable powders, 2% to 5% dust, 5% to 10% granules, 20% dips and 3% coarse powders.|Aerosol; seed treatment; cold fogging concentrate.|Emulsifiable concentrate (250 or 400 g ai/l), wettable powder (250 g/kg), dustable powder (20-50 g/kg), granules (50-100 g/kg), cold fogging concentrate (400 g/l), animal dip (200 g/l), coarse powder (30 g/kg).

Discontinued by Shell Agrar GmbH and Co KG|... Compatible with all pesticides except sulfur and organometal fungicides.|Material believed to be no longer manufactured, or marketed for crop protection use.

Analysis of products by oxidation with bromide-bromate solution, and titration of the excess bromate with sodium thiosulphate.|Analysis of residues by gas liquid chromatography with phosphorus specific flame ionization detector, and fluorogenic labeling with dansyl chloride and thin layer chromatography|Product analysis is by infrared or by titrimetric methods. Residues may be determined by gas liquid chromatography. Determination of the halogenated phenol produced by hydrolysis can be used for both product and residue analysis.

Agrochemicals -> Insecticides