1-Octanol

130.23

130.23

1697461

203-917-6

NV1779205D

1030

9823

DTXSID7021940

Colorless liquid

2905161000

20.2

3

APHA: ≤10 liquid

0.827 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-17--16 °C

194-195 °C

178 °F

n20/D 1.429(lit.)

H2O: insoluble

Store at +5°C to +30°C.

0.14 mm Hg ( 25 °C)

4.5 (vs air)

Oral-Mouse LD50: 1790 mg/kg

Combustible in case of open flame, high temperature, strong oxidant; burning emits irritating smoke

0.8%(V)

Fresh orange rose odor

OILY, SWEET, SLIGHTLY HERBACEOUS TASTE

1.44e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

2.45e-05 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 2.5032X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

PERCENT COMPOSITION IN AZEOTROPE: 87.0% 1-OCTANOL & 13% PHENOL; BP= 195.4 °C|PERCENT COMPOSITION IN AZEOTROPE: 10% 1-OCTANOL & 90.0% WATER; BP= 99.4 °C.|DIELECTRIC CONSTANT: 10.3 @ 20 °C|ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITY: 6.82 @ 1 ATM & 0 °C|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for 1-OCTANOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Insoluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

Attacks plastics [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Acetyl bromide reacts violently with alcohols or water [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: an explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73. 1967; J, Org. Chem. 28:1893. 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M. 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969].

253 °C

70.98 kJ/mol at 25 °C

Critical temperature: 651 K; critical pressure: 2.80 MPa

III

9

3082

1

36/38

26-36/37-37/39

RH6550000

Xi

Warehouse ventilated, low temperature and dry

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P273-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P337 + P313

H319-H412

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for octanol: Concentration process; Biological treatment.|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for octanol: Concentration process: Activated carbon.|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for octanol: Concentration process: Resin adsorption.

Can react with oxidizing materials.

1-Octanol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.|Octyl alcohol is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

USEPA/Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Aliphatic Alcohols, EPA 738-R-07-004 (March 2007). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of June 2, 2015: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

UN 3082

P273; P280; P305 + P351 + P338; P337 + P313

Combustible. Above 81 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

|Warning|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 270 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302+H312 (14.01%): Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 3362 companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P313|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P264, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P235, and P501|Danger|P210, P260, P264, P270, P280, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P309+P311, P321, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P210, P261, P264, P271, P280, P281, P301+P310, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P331, P332+P313, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Extra personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapors.

Combustible liquid when exposed to heat or flame...

Lower explosion limit: 0.8 %(V)|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 0.2-30

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|To fight fire use water foam, fog, alcohol foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.|Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent and remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.|AEROBIC: A number of aerobic biological screening studies, which utilized settled waste water, sewage, or activated sludge for inocula, have demonstrated that 1-octanol is readily biodegradable(1-8). Five day BOD tests show BODTs of 33(1), 37(2) and 62.4%(3). A ring test involving 14 laboratories found a mean degradation of 85% in 28 day test(4). A study which measured theoretical carbon dioxide evolved revealed 71% ultimate degradation of 1-octanol after an inoculation with activated sludge, in the dark, at 20 degrees C for 7 days(5). Other screening test data yielded a half-life of 22 hours(SRC) based on a first order biodegradation rate of 0.0313/hr(6) for 1-octanol.|ANAEROBIC: 1-Octanol was completely removed and lost 75% of the starting material during 49(1) and 56(2) day anaerobic acclimated studies.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Octanol ... has caused transient injury of corneal epithelium, with recovery in 48 hr.

Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Separated from strong oxidants.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance is mildly irritating to the skin. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis.

The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.

NO open flames. Above 81 °C use a closed system and ventilation.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

1-Octanol was qualitatively identified as a component of leachate from a municipal waste landfill in the Netherlands(1). Emissions of 1-octanol, in percent of total carbon emission, were identified in roadway emissions (0.03%), bus parking garage, hot soak (0.51%), bus parking garage, cold start (0.14%), petroleum refinery emissions (0.01%), lead smelter (0.28%), and cast iron factory emissions (0.28%) in Cairo, Egypt(2). 1-Octanol was detected, not quantified, in the emissions of ground waste exudate(3), kitchen waste exudate(4) and building materials with microbial growth(4).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1-Octanol was found in California at atmospheric concentrations of 0.6 ng/cu m and not detected in Bakersfield and Fresno, respectively(1).|INDOOR: 1-Octanol was found in 4% of 26 houses analyzed for indoor volatile organic compounds(1). 1-Octanol was found at concentrations from 0.5 to <1.5 ppb in 11 new manufactured and site-built houses(2).|RURAL/REMOTE: 1-Octanol was detected, not quantified in air samples in Whitaker's Forest, California(1). 1-Octanol was found in ambient air samples from Fernbank Forest, Atlanta, GA(2). 1-Octanol was not detected in Kern Wildlife Refuge, California(3).|SOURCE DOMINATED: Volatilization flux rates down wind from treated fields (application rate not specified) for 1-octanol has been calculated to be 14.116 ug/sq m-hr(1).

The spent chlorination liquor from bleaching of sulfite paper pulp contained 1-octanol at a concentration of 1 g/ton of pulp(1). 1-Octanol was detected in tobacco and tobacco smoke(2). 1-Octanol is an ingredient in some cleaning products(3).

moderately

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Octanol is a colorless liquid used in the determination of partition coefficients, perfumery, cosmetics, organic synthesis, solvent manufacture of high-boiling esters, antifoaming agent, and as a flavoring agent. 1-octanol is registered for pesticide use in the USA but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. It has been used as experimental medication to treat tremor in patients. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In a human patch test, 1-octanol in 2% petrolatum was neither a skin irritant nor a skin sensitizer. Octanol has caused transient injury of corneal epithelium, with recovery in 48 hr. Common signs of exposure to 1-octanol are CNS: headache, muscle weakness, giddiness, ataxia, confusion, delirium, coma. Gastrointestinal: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (odor of the alcohol in excreta). Irritation of skin, eyes, throat from vapor or liquid with cough and dyspnea. The annoying odor of 1-octanol may mask sensory irritation and prevent subjects with enhanced chemical sensitivity from concentrating on performance in a demanding task. ANIMAL STUDIES: 1-Octanol was slightly irritating to the skin of rabbits and is considered an eye irritant using the EU criteria. n-Octanol (0.55 g/kg) produced the largest decrease in body temperature. No evidence of tumors in the lung adenoma study in which mice were injected intraperitoneally with 100 and 500 mg/kg 1-octanol three times a week for 8 weeks. Studies indicate that T-type calcium channels (T-channels) in the thalamus are cellular targets for general anesthetics. The study recorded T-currents and underlying low-threshold calcium spikes from neurons of nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT) in brain slices from young rats and investigated the mechanisms of their modulation by an anesthetic alcohol, 1-octanol. 1-Octanol inhibited native T-currents at subanesthetic concentrations with an IC(50) of approximately 4 uM. Inhibition of both native and recombinant T-currents was accompanied by a hyperpolarizing shift in steady-state inactivation, indicating that 1-octanol stabilized inactive states of the channel. In developmental studies in rats no treatment-related effects were observed in pregnant females, including frequency of resorptions, fetal weights, or skeletal/visceral malformations. 1-Octanol was negative in an Ames Salmonella assay with strains Ta 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538 at concentrations ranging from 4 to 2500 ug/plate with and without metabolic activation.

... Whether 1-octanol (OCT) could inhibit Ethanol (ETOH) toxicity in cultured whole mouse embryos /was studied/. Embryos (3 to 5 somites) were cultured for 6 hours in the absence and presence of alcohols and transferred to control medium for an additional 20 hours. Somite pairs were counted after a total of 26 hours in culture ... Treatment with 3 uM OCT did not produce a delay in embryonic development, whereas 10 uM and 50 uM OCT caused increasing toxicity. Embryos cultured for 6 hours with 100 mM ETOH showed markedly delayed in vitro development (13.8 + or - 0.7 somite pairs after 26 hours, n = 15) as compared with control embryos (19.6 + or - 0.6 somite pairs, n = 5). The toxicity of 100 mM ETOH was significantly reduced by co-incubation with 3 uM OCT (16.9 + or - 0.6 somite pairs; n = 23, p less than 0.002). All of the control embryos and 60.9% of the ethanol/octanol-treated embryos had greater than or equal to 17 somite pairs; in contrast, only 13.4% of the embryos treated with ethanol alone had greater than or equal to 17 somite pairs. Conversely, while 33.3% of the embryos treated with ethanol alone had less than or equal to 12 somite pairs, none of the control embryos and only 4.3% of the embryos treated with ethanol plus octanol were this small.

LD50 Rat oral >5 g/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 1,800 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal >5 g/kg|LD50 Mouse iv 69 mg/kg|LD50 Guinea pig dermal >500 mg/kg

1-Octanol has been reported in the essential oils of green tea, grapefruit, California orange, Andopogon intermedius, Heracleum villosum, violet leaves, Anethum graveolens and bitter orange. It has also been reported in apple, apricot, banana, citrus peel oils and juices, many berries, guava, grapes, melon, papaya, peach, pear, asparagus, kohlrabi, leek, peas, tomato, potato, clove, ginger, mustard, spearmint oil, milk, fish, meats, nuts, honey, soybean, coconut, passion fruit, olive, avocado, plum, rose apple, beans, mushroom, starfruit, sesame seed, cauliflower, broccoli, tamarind, fig, cardamom, coriander seed and leaf, rice, quince, litchi, dill, lovage, sweet corn, corn oil, kiwifruit, loquat, scary sage, oysters, crayfish, clam and Chinese quince(1).|1-Octanol is released to the environment as a constituent of plants(1-6).|Present in turkish rose oil at 1%, bulgarian rose oil at 7%

1-Octanol's production and use in perfumery, cosmetics, organic synthesis, solvent manufacture of high boiling esters, anti-foam agents and in food flavoring(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc value of 38(2), indicates that 1-octanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-octanol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). 1-Octanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.0794 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). A 89% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc value of 38(2), indicates that 1-octanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 43 hours and 17 days, respectively(SRC). 1-Octanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 44(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.00(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Based on aqueous biodegradation screening test results, 1-octanol should biodegrade rapidly in aquatic environments(8-10).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-octanol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.0794 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-octanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.44X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Physical removal from air via precipitation has been shown to occur(4). 1-Octanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-octanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as 1.44X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 27 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Octanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Alcohols absorb UV light at wavelengths <185 nm(3) and, therefore, 1-octanol is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 44 was calculated in fish for 1-octanol(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.00(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

36.31 L/kg|The Koc of 1-octanol is reported as 38(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that 1-octanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-octanol is reported as 2.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-octanol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 43 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 17 days(SRC). 1-Octanol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1-Octanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.0794 mm Hg(3).

DRINKING WATER: 1-Octanol was listed as a contaminant found in drinking water for a survey of US cities including Pomona, Escondido, Lake Tahoe and Orange Co, CA, and Dallas, Washington, DC, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, Miami, New Orleans, Ottumwa, IA, and Seattle(1).|RAIN/SNOW: The 1-octanol concentration of rain water collected at Brunel University, England was 39.2 ppb(1). Six snow surface sites from three different sampling events from 1985-1991 in the Antarctic were analyzed for the content of 1-octanol; Mt. Crummer (below detection limit), Campbell Glacier (below detection limit), Vegetation Island (below detection limit), Tourmaline Plateau (32 ng/L), Mt. Melbourne (below detection limit), Carezza Lake (below detection limit)(2). Two sites were analyzed at different snow depths; Styx Glacier (surface 44 ng/L, 1 meter deep 24 ng/L, 2 meters deep 11 ng/L) and McCarthy Ridge (surface 10 ng/L, 1 meter deep below detection limit, 2 meters deep 9 ng/L)(2). Snow surface analysis were done on seven sites in the Antarctic in 1993/1994 season; Wood Bay at sea level (below detection limit), Mt Melbourne at 200 meters above sea level (below detection limit), Vegetation Island at 220 meters above sea level (2 ng/L, detection limit), Mt Melbourne at 600 meters above sea level (below detection limit), McCarthy Ridge at 790 meters above sea level (below detection limit), Mt Melbourne at 1130 meters above sea level (below detection limit) and Hercules Neve at 2960 meters above sea level (2 ng/L, detection limit)(3). 1-Octanol was detected in subsurface snow samples at McCarthy Ridge at 35, 9 and 4 ng/L at depths of 1, 2 and 3 meters, respectively(3). Subsurface snow samples taken at Hercules Neve contained 1-octanol at 5, 4 and 23 ng/L at respective depths of 1, 2 and 3 meters(3). 1-Octanol was reported at 0.57 ug/kg in snow sampled at Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia(4).

1-Octanol was identified as a volatile component of fried bacon(1), roasted filberts(2), raw and roasted earth almonds (Cyperus esculentus L.)(3), mutton(4), chicken(4), pork(4), raw beef(4,5), frankfurters(6), nectarines(7), apple juice(8), common guava(9), Beaufort (Gruyere) cheese(10) and in food products processed from the Cassava root(11). 1-Octanol has been detected in beer, wine and spirits(12).|Fermented soybean (Glycine max) curds were found to contain 164.8 to 337.1 ug/kg of 1-octanol(1). 1-Octanol was isolated as a volatile component of duck meat (8.88 ppb), duck fat (12.69 ppb), Cantonese style roasted duck (32.01 ppb) and Cantonese style roasted duck gravy (32.85 ppb)(2). 1-Octanol was also identified as a volatile component of edible Korean chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb)(3), kiwi fruit flowers(4) and in heated peanut oil(5). The concentration of 1-octanol increased in roasted almonds (Prunus dulcis) during 16-20 weeks of storage at 25 or 35 °C(6). 1-Octanol made up 0.49-10.86% of the fruit volatiles from blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius) that were collected from Italy and Spain(7).|1-Octanol has been reported in over 200 foods and beverages including apple, apricot, banana, citrus peel oils and juices, many berries, guava, grapes, melon, papaya, peach, pear, asparagus, kohlrabi, leek, peas, tomato, potato, clove, ginger, mustard, spearmint oil, wheat bread, many cheeses, cooked egg, butter, milk, fish, meats, beer, rum, whiskies, cognac, cider, sherry, grape wines, cocoa, tea, nuts, honey, soybean, coconut, passion fruit, olive, avocado, plum, rose apple, beans, mushroom, starfruit, Bantu beer, sesame seed, cauliflower, broccoli, tamarind, fruit brandies, fig, cardamom, coriander seed and leaf, rice, quince, litchi, dill, lovage, sweet corn, corn oil, malt, kiwi fruit, loquat, Bourbon vanilla, scary sage, oysters, crayfish, clam and Chinese quince(1).

1-Octanol was detected, not quantified, in milk purchased in stores in Australia(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 8 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of 1-octanol in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 500-999 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 287,737 workers (72,792 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-octanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-octanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-octanol is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-octanol via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound in consumer products products containing 1-octanol(SRC).

According the National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS) of 1982, 1-octanol was found in 12 of 46 composite samples; 4 samples each from subjects in the age groups of 0-14, 15-44 and 44+, respectively(1).

Mesh Heading: Pharm. Action: Solvents|EXPL THER 1-Octanol (an 8-C alcohol currently used as a food-flavoring agent) is known to inhibit tremor in essential tremor (ET) animal models at a much lower dose than ethyl alcohol. The /study/ conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial of a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg of 1-octanol in 12 patients with ET. No significant side effects or signs of intoxication were observed. 1-Octanol significantly decreased tremor amplitude for up to 90 minutes. The results suggest 1-octanol as a well-tolerated and safe potential treatment for ET.

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) (See all compounds classified as Solvents.)

In vitro dermal flux in human skin (epidermis) was reported as 0.008 mg/sq cm/hr, suggesting a low rate of penetration.

The primary aliphatic alcohols undergo two general reactions in vivo, namely oxidation to carboxylic acids and direct conjugation with glucuronic acid. The first reaction proceeds with the intermediate formation of an aldehyde, and the carboxylic acid from the aldehyde may be either oxidized completely to carbon dioxide or excreted as such or combined with glucuronic acid as an ester glucuronide. The extent to which an alcohol undergoes the second reaction, i.e. direct conjugation to an ether glucuronide, appears to depend upon the speed of the first reaction. Alcohols which are rapidly oxidized form very little ether glucuronide unless given in high doses.|The urinary metabolites of n-octane in Fischer 344 rats given the hydrocarbon by gavage included 2-octanol, 3-octanol, 5-oxohexanoic acid, and 6-oxoheptanoic acid. The sex of the animals influenced the relative amounts of metabolites formed. Analyses were performed by gas-liquid chromatography (GC) and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This is the first reported finding of keto acids in hydrocarbon oxidative metabolism. No kidney damage was found as a result of n-octane dosing although the 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (iso-octane) isomer does cause kidney lesions in male rats. /n-Octane/

The effect of various alkanols on the central nervous system was studied by using rat brain synaptosomal membranes as an in vitro model. The activity of (Ca2+/Mg2+)ATPase and the membrane fluidity were determined. The n-alkanols exhibited an increased molar inhibition of the ATPase activity with an increase in the carbon chain length up to 1-octanol. 1-octanol and 1-decanol caused a biphasic effect on the ATPase activity depending on the alkanol concentration, whereas 1-dodecanol caused a stimulation of the ATPase activity. All alkanols studied caused an increased fluidity of the membrane ... /These/ results indicate that the effect of alkanols on the ATPase activity depends on changes in the border layer between the membrane and the surrounding medium and on a binding of the alkanols to the enzyme molecule ... The two-way effect of 1-octanol and 1-decanol and the stimulatory effect of 1-dodecanol indicate that more mechanisms are involved ... Changes in the membrane fluidity do not seem to be a prerequisite of the ATPase inhibition.|... Studies indicate that T-type calcium channels (T-channels) in the thalamus are cellular targets for general anesthetics. Here, we recorded T-currents and underlying low-threshold calcium spikes from neurons of nucleus reticularis thalami (nRT) in brain slices from young rats and investigated the mechanisms of their modulation by an anesthetic alcohol, 1-octanol. We found that 1-octanol inhibited native T-currents at subanesthetic concentrations with an IC(50) of approximately 4 muM. In contrast, 1-octanol was up to 30-fold less potent in inhibiting recombinant Ca(V)3.3 T-channels heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. Inhibition of both native and recombinant T-currents was accompanied by a hyperpolarizing shift in steady-state inactivation, indicating that 1-octanol stabilized inactive states of the channel. To explore the mechanisms underlying higher 1-octanol potency in inhibiting native nRT T-currents, we tested the effect of the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and PKC inhibitors. We found that PMA caused a modest increase of T-current, whereas the inactive PMA analog 4alpha-PMA failed to affect T-current in nRT neurons. In contrast, 12-(2-cyanoethyl)-6,7,12,13-tetrahydro-13-methyl-5-oxo-5H-indolo(2,3-a)pyrrolo(3,4-c)-carbazole (Go 6976), an inhibitor of calcium-dependent PKC, decreased baseline T-current amplitude in nRT cells and abolished the effects of subsequently applied 1-octanol. The effects of 1-octanol were also abolished by chelation of intracellular calcium ions with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. Taken together, these results suggest that inhibition of calcium-dependent PKC signaling is a possible molecular substrate for modulation of T-channels in nRT neurons by 1-octanol.

Irritates skin and eyes. (USCG, 1999)

Flush with copious amounts of water. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/|Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/|Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/|Emergency and supportive measures. 1. General. Provide basic supportive care for all symptomatic patients. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Monitor arterial blood gases or oximetry, chest radiographs, and ECG and admit symptomatic patients to an intensive care setting. Use epinephrine and other beta-adrenergic medications with caution in patients with significant hydrocarbon intoxication because arrhythmias may be induced. 2. Pulmonary aspiration. Patients who remain completely asymptomatic after 4-6 hours of observation may be discharged. In contrast, if the patient is coughing on arrival, aspiration probably has occurred. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat bronchospasm and hypoxia if they occur. Do not use steroids or prophylactic antibiotics. 3. Ingestion. In the vast majority of accidental childhood ingestions, less than 5-10 mL is actually swallowed and systemic toxicity is rare. Treatment is primarily supportive. Injection. For injections into the fingertip or hand, especially those involving a high-pressure paint gun, consult with a plastic or hand surgeon immediately, as prompt wide exposure, irrigation, and debridement are often required. /Hydrocarbons/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for 1-OCTANOL (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The study examined acute neurobehavioral effects provoked by controlled exposure to 1-octanol and isopropanol among male volunteers. In a 29 cu m exposure laboratory, 24 male students (mean age 25.8 years) were exposed to 1-octanol and isopropanol. Each substance was used in two concentrations (0.1 and 6.4 ppm for 1-octanol; 34.9 and 189.9 ppm for isopropanol:). In a crossover design, each subject was exposed for 4 hours to the conditions. Twelve subjects reported enhanced chemical sensitivity; the other 12 were age-matched controls. At the onset and end of the exposures neurobehavioral tests were administered and symptoms were rated. At the end of the high and low isopropanol exposures the tiredness ratings were elevated, but no dose-dependence could be confirmed. For both substances and concentrations, the annoyance ratings increased during the exposure, but only for isopropanol did the increase show a dose-response relation. The subjects reported olfactory symptoms during the exposure to the high isopropanol and both 1-octanol concentrations. Isopropanol provoked no sensory irritation, whereas high 1-octanol exposure slightly enhanced it. Only among the subjects with enhanced chemical sensitivity were both 1-octanol concentrations associated with a stronger increase in annoyance, and lower detection rates were observed in a divided attention task. Previous studies reporting no neurobehavioral effects for isopropanol (up to 400 ppm) were confirmed. The results obtained for 1-octanol lacked dose-dependency, and their evaluation is difficult. The annoying odor of 1-octanol may mask sensory irritation and prevent subjects with enhanced chemical sensitivity from concentrating on performance in a demanding task.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a human patch test, 1-octanol in 2% petrolatum was neither a skin irritant nor a skin sensitizer.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: CNS: headache, muscle weakness, giddiness, ataxia, confusion, delirium, coma. Gastrointestinal: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (odor of the alcohol in excreta). Irritation of skin, eyes, throat--from vapor or liquid. cough and dyspnea. Death from respiratory failure. Disturbances of cardiac rhythm. Occasional complication: a. GI hemorrhage, b. renal damage with glycosuria, c. liver damage, d. cardiac failure, e. pulmonary edema ... /Alcohols, higher/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Octanol ... has caused transient injury of corneal epithelium, with recovery in 48 hr.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1-OCTANOL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1 Octanol

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat.

Dry skin.

Redness. Pain.

Grades: Technical; chemically pure; pure; perfume, Food Chemical Codex.|Royaltac-M (Macdermid Agricultural Solutions, Inc.): Active ingredient: lauryl alcohol 0.3%; 1-octanol 36.2%; 1-decanol 48.2%.|Off-Shoot-T (Macdermid Agricultural Solutions, Inc.): Active ingredient: lauryl alcohol 0.3%; 1-octanol 36.2%; 1-decanol 48.2%.|C8-C10 Fatty Alcohol Technical (Macdermid Agricultural Solutions, Inc.): Active ingredient: lauryl alcohol 0.3%; 1-octanol 42.6%; 1-decanol 56.7%.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for 1-OCTANOL (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|1-Octanol: ACTIVE|All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Alcohols, C6-12: ACTIVE|Alcohols, C8-18 and C18-unsatd.: ACTIVE|The single product listed under PC code 079037, although listed as 1-octanol, is also in fact a mixture of 1-octanol and 1-decanol. The earliest registered label for use of aliphatic alcohols for tobacco sucker control included in the Agency's Pesticide Product Label System (PPLS) was issued to Uniroyal in 1964.|In industrial practice, the term octyl alcohol has been used for both 1-octanol and 2-ethylhexanol. The latter is also sometimes called isooctanol. The term capryl alcohol has been used for both 1-octanol and 2-octanol.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Fragrances|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green half-circle - The chemical is expected to be of low concern|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty alcohols [FA05]|Cosmetics -> Viscosity controlling|Environmental transformation -> Pesticide transformation products (metabolite, successor)

1-octanol is a known environmental transformation product of Pyridate.

Flavoring Agents