Cadmium stearate

679.35

680.431

218-743-6

GBI2ILV46J

2570

White powder|Solid

2915709000

80.3

12.50830

Cadmium stearate is a solid. Used as a lubricant and stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride. (EPA, 1998)

1.28g/cm3

103~110℃

359.4ºC at 760 mmHg

162.4ºC

Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder. Keep away from incompatible materials, ignition sources and untrained individuals. Secure and label area. Protect containers/cylinders from physical damage.

8.58E-06mmHg at 25°C

LD50 orl-rat: 1125 mg/kg GISAAA 35(2),98,70

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Saturated

CADMIUM STEARATE has weak oxidizing or reducing powers. Redox reactions can however still occur. The majority of compounds in this class are slightly soluble or insoluble in water. If soluble in water, then the solutions are usually neither strongly acidic nor strongly basic. These compounds are not water-reactive.

III

6.1(b)

2570

20/21/22-50/53

45-53

P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501

H301

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D006, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Cadmium/|Precipitate from solution as sulfides, drying and return to suppliers. /Cadmium compounds/|The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for cadmium: Concentration process: Reverse Osmosis. /Cadmium/

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds are listed as known to be human carcinogens. /Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds/[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s028cadm.pdf]

It emits acrid smoke when heated to decomposition. (EPA, 1998)

|Danger|H302+H312 (24.84%): Harmful if swallowed or in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P310, P312, P320, P322, P330, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 153 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P271, P281, P284, P301+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P314, P320, P330, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

(Non-Specific -- Cadmium Compounds) Do not touch spilled material. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Take up small spills with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Take up small, dry spills with clean shovel and place into clean, dry container. Dike far ahead of large spills for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Cadmium compounds, NOS/

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Cadmium compound/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Cadmium compound/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Cadmium compound/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Cadmium compound/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CADMIUM STEARATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Cadmium stearate is included on this list.

D006; A waste containing cadmium may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Cadmium/

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Cadmium stearate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 1,000 or 10,000 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered form and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .

D006; A solid waste containing cadmium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Cadmium/

LD50 Rat oral 1200 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat oral 1225 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 590 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 1125 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation 130 mg/cu m/2 hours

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of cadmium stearate is 1 to 99; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 14,378 workers (2,152 of these were female) were potentially exposed to cadmium stearate in the US(1).|Workers in a polyvinyl chloride film plant ... are at greater exposure risk to cadmium stearate. ...|REPORTED EXPOSURE LEVELS FROM THE PRODUCTION OF CADMIUM STEARATE PVC STABILIZERS /ARE/ 20-700 UG CADMIUM/CU M ... .

THE PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION OF CADMIUM STEARATE WAS INVESTIGATED IN MICE, RATS, GUINEA PIGS, AND RABBITS. IT PENETRATES THE INTACT SKIN EASILY AND IS RETAINED IN THE LIVER AND KIDNEYS FOR A LONG PERIOD BEFORE IT IS SLOWLY EXCRETED.|Gastrointestinal absorption is less than respiratory absorption and is about 5 to 8 percent. It is enhanced by dietary deficiencies of calcium and iron, and diets low in protein. Low dietary calcium stimulates synthesis of calcium binding protein which enhances cadmium absorption. Women with low serum ferritin levels have been shown to have twice the normal absorption of cadmium. Zinc decreases cadmium absorption probably by stimulating production of metallothionein. /Cadmium/|Excretion by feces of normal humans is ca 30-50 ug/day ... retention of ingested cadmium varied between 4.7-7% in 5 adult men ... only very small proportions of daily absorbed dose will be excreted ... normal urinary excretion in humans amount to CA 1-2 ug/day ... on occupational exposure, this level is not raised significantly ... . /Cadmium/|EXCRETION BY FECES OF NORMAL HUMANS IS ABOUT 30-50 UG/DAY ... RETENTION OF INGESTED CADMIUM VARIED BETWEEN 4.7-7% IN 5 ADULT MEN ... ONLY VERY SMALL PROP OF DAILY ABSORBED DOSE WILL BE EXCRETED ... NORMAL URINARY EXCRETION IN HUMANS AMT TO ABOUT 1-2 UG/DAY ... ON OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE, THIS LEVEL IS NOT RAISED SIGNIFICANTLY ... /CADMIUM/|About half of total body burden is found in liver & kidneys. Cadmium in these organs is mainly bound to /a/ low molecular weight protein, in form of metallothionein ... . /Cadmium/

SLOW EXCRETION RESULTS IN VERY LONG BIOLOGICAL HALF LIFE FOR ABSORBED CADMIUM, WHICH HAS BEEN EST TO BE 16-33 YR ... . /CADMIUM/

Similar to cadmium; acute toxicity most notably occurs secondary to cadmium ingestion or inhalation of cadmium fumes. Poisoning from inhalation is relatively rare but dangerous, having a mortality rate of about 15 percent. Toxic inhaled concentrations in humans have been reported at 147 mg/m3/35 minutes and at 1800 mg/m3/2 years. (EPA, 1998)|Carcinogens

Warning: Effects may be delayed for several hours. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Cadmium Stearate Exposure: The following signs and symptoms may be noted following exposure to cadmium stearate: cough, dyspnea (shortness of breath), either dry mouth or increased salivation, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bronchitis, and chest pain. Vertigo (dizziness), fever, and profuse sweating may also occur. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to cadmium stearate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cadmium stearate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to cadmium stearate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas THOROUGHLY with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of cadmium stearate is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4.Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step 4.The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. 6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Cadmium and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Cadmium and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Cadmium and Related Compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In 1963, 27 exposed and 7 non-exposed workers from a polyvinyl chloride film plant in which lead and cadmium sterates were used as stablilzers /showed that/ urinary coproporphyrin levels were not increased in exposed workers compared to that of controls, and most of the urinary lead levels were below 200 ug/L. Although lead concentrations were higher than those of cadmium, particle sizes of lead compounds were larger than those of the cadmium stearate. Eight of 17 workers re-examined in 1964 had increases in the degree of urinary protein excretion by the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) test. The numbers that were positive were significantly greater in the exposed workers, than in the controls in the 1964 tests. Statistically, this might possibly have been due to the larger number of controls, and therefore, to a more normal distribution curve which is apparent in the 1964 data (24 controls in 1964 vs 7 controls in 1963). These increases were demonstrated by all three methods of testing for urinary protein, ... 25% TCA test, sulfosalicylic acid test, and boiling test. ... No significant differences in respiratory function were found between exposed and control groups. No significant differences in mean urinary cadmium levels were demonstrated, though there were a few slightly higher urinary cadmium levels in the exposed group. No differences in olfactory acuity between the two groups were shown. Yellow discoloration of the teeth of exposed workers was looked for but not found. Liver function ... was not significantly different in exposed and control groups. ... There were no significant differences in hemoglobin, urine specific gravity, urine occult blood, but there was a slight increase in urine sugar (by test tape) in exposed workers /over/ controls. Both groups had less than 0.05% of cells with basophillic stippling. ... Each work operation, involving exposure to lead stearate and cadmium stearate, as well as to organic plasticizers, took 20 min to complete and these processes were repeated 3 or 4 times in each 8 hr work shift. Environmental measurements showed 0.03-0.7 mg/cu m cadmium in 1963 and 0.02-0.2 mg/cu m in 1964, but the operations covered only about 1 hr/day. Particle size distributions were studied in several operations including casting of both lead and cadmium stearates (mixed casting) and of cadmium stearate alone (cadmium casting). These distributions were: 25% in mixed casting and none in cadmium casting in the 6-20 um range; 17% in mixed and none in cadmium in the 0.7-2 um range; and 42% in the mixed and 83% in the cadmium casting in the 0.4-0.7 um range.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Chronic cadmium poisoning has been reported after prolonged occupational exposure to ... cadmium stearates. Changes associated with chronic cadmium poisoning may be local, in which case they involve the respiratory tract, or systemic, resulting from absorption of cadmium. Systemic changes include kidney damage with proteinuria and anemia. Obstructive lung disease in the form of emphysema is the main symptom at heavy exposure to cadmium in air, whereas kidney dysfunction and damage are the most prominent findings after long term exposure to lower levels of cadmium in workroom air or via cadmium contaminated food. Mild hypochromic anemia is frequently found among workers exposed to high levels of cadmium. This may be due to both increased destruction of red blood cells and iron deficiency. Yellow discoloration of the necks of teeth and anosmia may also be seen in cases of exposure to very high cadmium concentrations.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... /CADMIUM SOAPS SUCH AS CADMIUM STEARATE/ CAN GIVE RISE TO THE CORRESPONDING METAL CHLORIDES, WHICH ARE BOTH SOLUBLE AND TOXIC, WHEN THEY STABILIZE THE VINYL RESIN. HENCE THEY CANNOT BE USED TO PREPARE VINYL COMPOUNDS WHICH WILL BE USED IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY.

Octadecanoic acid, cadmium salt (2:1): ACTIVE|FDA regulations have decreed that plastics that contact foodstuffs may not contain Cd-Ba stabilizers ... a decrease in consumption of Cd compounds in the stabilizer field that began in the late 1970s.|CADMIUM SOAPS (STEARATE) ... ARE REMARKABLE FOR THE HIGH DEGREE OF TRANSPARENCY WHICH, EVEN IN SMALL AMOUNTS, THEY IMPART TO VINYL FILM (SHEET).

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens