Propanedioic acid, thallium(1+) salt (1:2)

510.81200

511.94400

220-414-7

Y2JPM0IF0R

2811|1707

DTXSID1062627

52.60000

Thallous malonate is a solid. (EPA, 1998)

Exists in two oxidation states, /thallous/ (Tl(I)) and /thallic/ (Tl(III)). /Thallium/|In reducing environments, thallous may precipitate as a sulfide; otherwise, it will remain in solution. /Thallium/|... Thallium(I), forms relatively few complexes with the exception of those with halogen, oxygen, and sulfur ligands. In this & several other respects, thallium(I) has chemical properties similar to those of the alkali metal cations. /Thallium (I)/

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Salts, Basic

Salts, basic, such as THALLOUS MALONATE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

II

6.1(a)

1707

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Chemical Treatability of Thallium Concentration Process: Activated carbon; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unkown; Results of Study: GAC treatment after time precipitate yielded 84% reduction; /Soluble thallium cmpd/|Chemical Treatability of Thallium; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Literature Review; Type of Wastewater Used: Unknown; Results of Study: 54% reduction with lime. /Soluble thallium cmpd/|Chemical Treatability of Thallium; Concentration Process: Chemical Precipitation; Chemical Classification: Metals; Scale of Study: Pilot Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Synthetic wastewater; Results of Study: 30% reduction with ferric chloride, 31% reduction with aluminum (3 coagulants used: 220 ppm of alum @ pH= 6.4. 40 ppm of ferric chloride @ pH= 6.2, 415 ppm of lime @ pH= 11.5; Chemical coagulation was followed by dual media filtration.) /Soluble thallium cmpd/

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Thallium (1980) EPA 440/5-80-074|RANGEL GUERRA R ET AL; THALLIUM INTOXICATION: CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH 14 CASES; REV INVEST CLIN 32 (4): 381-90 (1980). CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH 14 CASES OF THALLIUM INTOXICATION IS DISCUSSED.|Ludolph A et al; Trace Elem Med 3 (3): 121-5 (1986). Clinical and electrophysiological data from chronic thallium exposure in cement plant workers are presented.|Sharma J et al; Toxicol Environ Chem 11 (2) (1986). A review with 152 references on environmental pollution by thallium, and its toxicity and metabolism in humans and laboratory animals.|For more Special Reports (Complete) data for THALLOUS MALONATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(Non-Specific -- Thallium Salts, n.o.s.) Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Avoid inhalation. (Non-Specific -- Thallium Salts, n.o.s.) Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Small spills: absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Small dry spills: with clean shovel place material into clean, dry container and cover; move containers from spill area. Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)|Respirator selection: 0.5 mg/cu m: Any dust and mist respirator, if not present as a fume. 1 mg/cu m: Any dust and mist respirator except single-use and quarter-mask respirators, if not present as a fume/Any supplied-air respirator. 2.5 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous flow mode/Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a dust and mist filter, if not present as a fume. 5 mg/cu m: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any supplied-air respirator that has a tight-fitting facepiece and is operated in a continuous-flow mode/Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. 15 mg/cu m: Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode/Any supplied-air respirator that has a full face piece and is operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. Escape: Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. /Thallium (soluble cmpds, as Tl/

Water, carbon dioxide, foam, dry chemical. /Soluble thallium cmpd/

If employees' clothing may have become contaminated with soluble thallium compounds, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. Clothing contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of soluble compounds from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the soluble thallium compounds, the person perfoming the operation should be informed of soluble thallium compounds's hazardous properties. Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be removed promptly and not reworn until the soluble thallium compound is removed from the clothing. /Soluble thallium compounds/|Skin that becomes contaminated with soluble thallium compounds should be promptly washed or showered to remove any soluble thallium compounds. Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where soluble thallium compound is handled, processed, or stored. Employees who handle soluble thallium compounds should wash their hands thoroughly before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. /Soluble thallium compounds/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.1 mg/cu m. Skin Designation. /Thallium, soluble compounds, as Tl/

The distribution and elimination patterns of thallous malonate were studied and compared to those of thallous sulfate. Male Syrian golden hamsters were divided into 3 groups. The first group (control) received distilled water. Animals in group 2 received either a single oral dose or an ip dose of 12.5 mg/kg of thallous malonate. The third group of animals received either a single oral dose or an ip dose of 12.35 mg/kg of thallous sulfate. By 1 hour after thallous malonate adminstration, thallium was detected in all organs. Thallium was detected only in the heart, liver and kidney in the group given thallous sulfate. By 12 hours the maximum values, except for muscle and testes, were observed in both treated groups, and the distribution patterns were similar. At this time, although the thallium concentration in the brain was less than in the other organs, thallium was rapidly deposited in the brain in both treated groups. The liver, heart, kidney and whole blood had short half-lives in the alpha phase. The beta phase in these tissues and in the brain, muscle and testes had long half lives, indicating that thallium disappeared slowly from organs. In the group receiving oral thallous malonate the urinary elmination rate constant was 0.175/day, and the fecal rate was 0.500. In the group receiving thallous malonate ip the urinary elimination rate constant was 0.086, and the fecal rate was 0.081. The urinary elimination rate constant in animals treated orally with thallous sulfate was 0.073 and the fecal rate was 0.054. Ip treatment with thallous sulfate resulted in a urinary elimination rate of 0.063 and fecal rate of 0.084. It was concluded that thallous malonate, an organic thallium compound, showed slightly higher elimination rate constants but similar toxicity and distribution patterns to thallous sulfate, an inorganic thallium compound.|In acute thallium poisoning, human brain areas densely populated with neurons were found to accumulate thallium more than other areas, and the gray matter contained higher thallium levels than nonneural tissues. /Soluble thallium cmpd/

BODY BURDEN AS % OF ADMIN DOSE WAS DETERMINED IN RATS FOLLOWING ADMIN OF (204)THALLIUM ... OVER A PERIOD OF 21 DAYS. BODY CLEARANCE /OCCURRED/ ... EXPONENTIALLY WITH HALFTIME 3.3 DAYS ... AT THE END OF 21 DAYS ... 1% OF ADMIN DOSE REMAINED. ... WITH BIOLOGICAL HALF-TIME OF 3.3 DAYS ... DAILY DOSING /GIVES/ AN EQUILIBRIUM ... @ 20 DAYS. /SOLUBLE THALLIUM SALTS/

... STUDY INVOLVING /THALLIUM SOLUBLE SALTS EFFECTS ON MOUSE CELL CULTURES SHOWED/ ... CYTOPATHIC EFFECTS ... GREATLY ENLARGED MITOCHONDRIA IN AXONS OF PERIPHERAL NERVE FIBERS. ... MECHANISM /CONCERNS INACTIVATION OF/ ... SH GROUPS THAT /ALLOW/ ... INCR PERMEABILITY OF MITOCHONDRIA LEADING TO WATER INFLUX & SWELLING. /THALLIUM CMPD/|TRIVALENT THALLIUM COMPOUNDS ARE SOMEWHAT LESS TOXIC THAN ARE THALLIUM ION COMPOUNDS ... THALLIUM ACTS AS A MITOTIC AGENT & GENERAL CELLULAR POISON. CELLULAR ACCUM OF THALLIUM IN MUSCLE & OTHER TISSUES CAUSES DERANGEMENT OF NORMAL CELLULAR METABOLISM ... HIGH THALLIUM CONCN IN BLOOD AGGLUTINATES ERYTHROCYTES & LYSES THEM FOLLOWING THALLIUM ION ACCUMMULATION WITHIN ERYTHROCYTES. /THALLIUM SALTS/|Thallium inhibits enzymes, but nothing is really known of a biochemical lesion. In fatal cases, there usually is extensive peripheral paralysis and cardiovascular involvement. The immediate cause of death may be peripheral respiratory failure of cardiac arrest. /Thallium/

(Non-Specific -- Thallium Salts, n.o.s.) Poisonous if swallowed. Inhalation of dust causes poisoning. (EPA, 1998)

Warning: Effects may be delayed. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Thallous malonate Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to thallous malonate may be severe and include bronchitis, pneumonia, and respiratory paralysis. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) may occur. Victims may experience headache, delirium, dementia, depression, psychosis, and peripheral burning sensations with severe pain. Muscle weakness, ptosis (drooping eyelids), strabismus (loss of coordination between eyes), incoordination, spasmodic movements, convulsions, seizure, shock, and coma may also occur. Gastrointestinal effects include increased salivation, inflammation of the oral cavity, anorexia, vomiting (may be bloody), diarrhea (may be bloody), abdominal pain, and constipation. Kidney damage has been reported. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to thallous malonate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to thallous malonate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to thallous malonate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of thallous malonate is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age. Warning: Ingestion of thallous malonate may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step 4. The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. 6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

A 26 year old man who ingested 10 g of thallous malonate was treated by gastric lavage and combined hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. At a blood flow of 100 ml/min, the average of thallium clearance values obtained by combined hemoperfusion and hemodialysis at two different times were 50.2 and 60.4 ml/min. Forty hours after ingestion, he died of cardiac failure. A higher concentration of thallium was found in the heart than in other organs, suggesting that the heart is the main target of thallium in the early stage of acute poisoning.|Thallium is a skin sensitizer and cumulative poison which is toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption. /Soluble thallium compounds/|MONOVALENT THALLIUM SALTS ARE MORE CLOSELY RELATED, CHEMICALLY & TOXICOLOGICALLY, TO DIVALENT LEAD, ALTHOUGH ACUTE TOXICITY OF THALLIUM CMPD IS MUCH HIGHER. /MONOVALENT THALLIUM SALTS/

dithallium malonate

Propanedioic acid, thallium(1+) salt (1:2): ACTIVE

Analyte: Thallium; Matrix: air; Procedure: Atomic absorption spectroscopy; wavelength 278.6 nm; Range: 0.034-0.15 mg/cu m; Precision 0.060; Interferences: the presence of insoluble thallium compounds ... therefore, it is necessary to obtain a bulk sample to test for solubility. /Soluble thallium cmpd/|ANALYTE: THALLIUM, MATRIX: AIR, PROCEDURE: FILTER COLLECTION, ACID DIGESTION, ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, RANGE: 5-20 UG/ML, 210-840 UG/CU M. /SOLUBLE THALLIUM COMPOUNDS/|Procedure Samp(1): Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, having a monochromator with a reciprocal linear dispersion of about 6.5 Angstrom/mm in the ultraviolet region. The instrument must be equipped with an air-acetylene burner head. Precision: Coefficient of variation= 0.060. /Soluble thallium cmpd/|Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, having a monochromator with a reciprocal linear dispersion of about 6.5 Angstrom/mm in the ultraviolet region. The instrument must be equipped with an air-acetylene burner head. Precision: Coefficient of variation= 0.060. /Soluble thallium cmpd/