Dimethyl terephthalate

194.18400

194.18

204-411-8

IKZ2470UNV

0262

3503

2811

DTXSID0020498

Colorlesss crystals|NEEDLES FROM ETHER

52.60000

2.2

Dimethyl terephthalate appears as white solid or heated colorless liquid. Has no odor. Liquid solidifies in cool water. Solid and liquid sink in water. (USCG, 1999)

1.2 g/cm³

140 °C

288 °C

154ºC

1.4752

Solubility in water at 13°C: very poor

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from oxidizers, nitrates, acids and sources of ignition

1.15 mm Hg ( 93 °C)

1.04 (vs air)

vol% in air: 0.81.8

Henry's Law constant = 1.34X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Sublimes above 300 °C|Liquid molar volume = 0.180564 cu m/kmol (determined at triple point)|VAPOR PRESSURE = 16 MM HG @ 100 °C|Phthalate esters would be expected to have UV maxima in the 230 nm and 270 nm regions. /Phthalate esters/|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

When mixed with air, the vapor or dust forms very hazardous and highly reactive mixtures. (NTP, 1992). Insoluble in water.

Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters

DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. Can generate electrostatic charges. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 250]. This compound is sensitive to heat. The molten material reacts with water due to the temperature. This compound is incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong acids and strong bases.

1058 °F (USCG, 1999)|It ignites at 153 deg (C)|518 °C

Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air.

3256

1

R36/37/38

S24/25

WZ1225000

Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents.

P261, P264, P271, P273, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, P501

H320

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

The polymer /produced from DMT/ had been produced for 12 yr by transesterification under nitrogen of the dimethyl ester with ethylene glycol at 250 °C in presence of titanium butoxide catalyst. After incr the heating capacity of the vessel from a half coil to a full coil, 3 incidents of ignition of vapor after opening the vessel were noted. This is attributed to formation and ignition of mixtures of acetaldehyde or dioxane with ingressing air on the hot vessel surfaces.|Incompatible with strong acids, nitrates, and strong oxidizers.|/DMT/ is stable but incompatible with strong acids, strong bases and oxidants.

European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset, Dimethyl terephthalate (120-61-6), 62 pp. (2000 CD-ROM edition). Available from the Database Query page at: http://ecb.jrc.it/esis/esis.php as of May 13, 2008

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

|Warning|H317 (57.98%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P333+P313, P337+P313, P363, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 540 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P273, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Danger|H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P314, P332+P313, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then dampen the solid spill material with toluene, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with toluene to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash all contaminated surfaces with toluene followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material under ambient temperatures and keep it away from oxidizers. (NTP, 1992)

Molten DMT: goggles, face shield, gauntlets, and protective clothing. Solid: dust mask, goggles. (USCG, 1999)|Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. ... All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. ... Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.

The finely powdered ester is a significant dust explosion hazard.|Vapor or dust can form explosive mixtures in air.|/DMT/ is combustible and finely dispersed particles will form explosive mixtures in air.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 0.8-11.8

Extinguish with water, dry chemicals, foam, or carbon dioxide.|From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.|Alcohol foam. Water or foam may cause frothing.

Poisonous gases are produced in fire.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/IT IS NOT/...SKIN IRRITANT OR SENSITIZER.|An eye irritant.|It is irritating to the mucous membranes.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

May cause mechanical irritation.

NO open flames. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust.

Use ventilation.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Dimethyl terephthalate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

The concentration of dimethyl terephthalate in the waste water from a dimethyl terephthalate manufacturing plant was less than 0.5 mg/L whereas its acid was found at 459 mg/L(1). This is due to the hydrolysis of dimethyl terephthalate to the acid(1). Dimethyl terephthalate was identified in an industrial wastewater survey sample extracts at a concentration of 557 ng/uL in the organics industry and 21 ng/uL in the organics and plastics industry(2). Dimethyl terephthalate was identified, not quantified, in advanced waste treatment concentrates in Lake Tahoe, CA and in Pomona, CA(3).

SEDIMENT: Dimethyl terephthalate was detected in sediment in 7 of 7 sites in the German Bight area from Elbe River from samples taken in 1998(1).

RURAL/REMOTE: Dimethyl terephthalate was identified, not quantified, in a forest atmosphere in West Germany(1).

LD50 Rat oral 4390 mg/kg|LD50 Rat ip 3900 mg/kg|LD50 Guinea pig dermal >5000 mg/kg bw

/PLANTS/ Ryegrass, radish, lettuce /were tested in/ 7-Day germination exposures to /dimethyl terephthalate/ concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100, or 1000 mg/L. There were 80 seeds used for each exposure test level and 40 seeds for control. ... No Adverse Effect Concn: 10 mg/L (rye grass, radish ), 1 mg/L (lettuce).|/PLANTS/ Corn, marigold, lettuce, radish /seedlings were tested in/ 1-week phytotoxicity /aasays/ to /dimethyl terephthalate/ concentrations of 0, 100, and 1000 mg/L. There were 10 corn seedlings and 20 seedlings for the other species per exposure level. ... No Adverse Effect Concn: >1000 mg/L (radish, marigold, lettuce), >100 mg/L (corn).

A bioassay of dimethyl terephthalate for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 50 rats of each sex and 50 mice of each sex were administered dimethyl terephthalate at one of two doses, either 2,500 or 5,000 ppm, for 103 weeks, then observed for 2 additional weeks. Matched controls consisted of 50 untreated rats of each sex and 50 untreated mice of each sex. All surviving rats were killed at 105 or 106 weeks and all surviving mice at 104 or 105 weeks. ... Although it is recognized that both rats and mice may not have received a dose of the test chemical sufficiently high to provide maximum test sensitivity, it is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, dimethyl terephthalate was not carcinogenic for F344 rats or B6C3F1 mice. Levels of Evidence of Carcinogenicity: Male Rats: Negative; Female Rats: Negative; Male Mice: Equivocal; Female Mice: Negative

Dimethyl terephthalate's production and use in polyester resins for film and fiber production, especially polyethylene terephthalate, and as a chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 400(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.25(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dimethyl terephthalate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dimethyl terephthalate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.01 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 19 mg/L(5). Dimethyl terephthalate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Dimethyl terephthalate, at a concentration of 0.5%, degraded completely in 15 days at 30 °C in soil with a pH of 8.2 and 60% moisture content(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 400(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.25(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dimethyl terephthalate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.01 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 19 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 13 hours and 8.3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 11(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 3 day river die-away test using 50, 40, and 5 ppm dimethyl terephthalate resulted in 100% biodegradation in all three tests of river water, and 27, 38, and 49% biodegradation in the three tests of sea water(8) suggesting dimethyl terephthalate is expected to biodegrade in aquatic environments(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dimethyl terephthalate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.01 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dimethyl terephthalate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 28 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Dimethyl terephthalate does contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of dimethyl terephthalate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.7X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 28 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.30 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 260 and 26 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Dimethyl terephthalate does contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 11 was calculated in fish for dimethyl terephthlate(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.25(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of dimethyl terephthalate is estimated as 400(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.25(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that dimethyl terephthalate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for dimethyl terephthalate is estimated as 1.3X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.01 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 19 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that dimethyl terephthalate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 13 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 8.3 days(SRC). Dimethyl terephthalate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Dimethyl terephthalate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: Dimethyl terephthalate was detected in the Delaware River during the winter at a concentration of 0.06 ppb, but not during the summer(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,467 workers (204 of these were female) were potentially exposed to dimethyl terephthalate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to dimethyl terephthalate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where dimethyl terephthalate is produced or used. In a dimethyl terephthalate manufacturing plant, dimethyl terephthalate was qualitatively detected in workers' breathing zone and in selected areas of the plant during 4 hour half-shifts(2). Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to dimethyl terephthalate via inhalation and dermal contact with consumer products containing this compound(SRC).

Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food. (See all compounds classified as Insect Repellents.)|Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading. (See all compounds classified as Soil Pollutants.)

Data from radio tracer study in rabbits and rats indicate rapid absorption and excretion of (14)C-DMT with no evidence of tissue accumulation following single or repeated oral and intratracheal administration.|Radiotracer study. After a single or repeated dermal application of 80 mg/kg of (14)C-DMT, approximately 11% of single dose and 13% of 5 repeated cutaneous doses were recovered from urine and feces of rats.|Radiotracer study. Approximately 33% of a single ocular dose (50 mg) of (14)C-DMT was excreted in urine and feces of rabbits with no evidence of tissue accumulation or ocular damage.|In rats fed diets containing 5% DMT for 5 days, DMT was almost completely absorbed. ... Only a trace amount was found to be excreted unchanged in the urine. About 15% of the unabsorbed ester appeared in the feces.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

In rats administered (14)C labeled DMT orally, ... After dosing five times over a 10-day period, ... In the rat, terephthalic acid was the only compound detected in the urine. In mice, urinary metabolites consisted of monomethyl terephthalate (70%), terephthalic acid (30%), and traces of DMT. Similar metabolites were identified in the feces of both species. DMT administration did not lower the concentration of nonprotein sulfydryl groups, demonstrating DMT is not activated to form electrophilic metabolites.|In rats fed diets containing 5% DMT for 5 days, ... The majority was metabolized to terephthalic acid, which was primarily eliminated by the kidney.|Female F-344 rats received 1 or 2% dimethyl terephthalate in diet for 3 weeks. The urine of the rats was collected and examined. The treatment with dimethyl terephthalate resulted in specific changes in urinary ions, including hypercalciuria and urinary acidosis. Terephthalic acid was detected in the urine, whereas the parent compound was not found. The results indicate that metabolism of the substance to terephthalic acid occurs extensively in rats, and accounts for the ion changes observed in this study.|The major metabolite found in the urine of B6C3F1 mice after oral dosing of (l4)C-dimethyl- terephthalate was monomethyl-(14)C-terephthalate, indicating a minor capacity to hydrolyse the test substance.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... The composition of the bladder calculi from the DMT treated /rats/ ... was primarily calcium and terephthalic acid (TPA) with 5-7% protein. Phosphate levels were low, in contrast to bladder calculi from animals treated directly with terephthalic acid. ... An acidic urinary pH was believed to have induced the hypercalciuria, a characteristic of urolithiasis in man. The higher urinary concentrations of TPA from DMT in the diet (when compared to similar dietary concentrations of TPA) explained the higher incidence of urinary calculi from the DMT diets than from comparable levels of TPA in the diet. Urinary phosphate levels were decreased in the animals consuming the DMT diet and explained why phosphate was present only at very low levels in the bladder calculi in those animals. ... Weanling rats are probably more sensitive to the induction of bladder calculi than adults due to their very high feed consumption rates relative to body weight.

Molten DMT will cause severe burns of skin on contact. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Call for medical aid. ... Move victim to fresh air. ... Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush affected areas with plenty of water. If swallowed and victim is conscious, have victim drink water, or milk.|Eyes: flush dust from eyes with water. Skin: wash with soap and water. If burned by molten DMT, flush area immediately with cold water for at least 15 min; apply ice pack for at least 30 min; do not try to rub DMT off a burn or remove clothing that DMT has penetrated, because this will remove underlying skin; seek prompt medical treatment for significant burns.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ An oily paste containing 80% DMT showed no irritant effects 24 hr after 10 applications to human skin.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Calculations based on the solubility of calcium terephthalate indicate that humans would have to absorb at least 2.0 grams per day terephthalic acid or 2.5 grams per day dimethyl terephthalate to develop bladder stones.

dimethyl 4-phthalate

Redness.

(DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE & TEREPHTHALIC ACID) ABOUT 93% AS A MONOMER IN POLYESTER FIBER PRODUCTION; ABOUT 7% AS A MONOMER IN POLYESTER FILM PRODUCTION; LESS THAN 1% AS A MONOMER IN PRODUCTION OF POLYBUTYLENE TEREPHTHALATE & OTHER, SMALL VOLUME RESINS (1973)|CHEMICAL PROFILE: PTA /purified terephthalic acid/ - DMT /dimethyl terephthalate/. End-use pattern for PTA+DMT in 1995|CHEMICAL PROFILE: PTA /purified terephthalic acid/ - DMT /dimethyl terephthalate/: US Demand: 1994: 8,500 million pounds; 1995: 8,755 million pounds; 1999: 9,850 million pounds /projected/|CHEMICAL PROFILE: PTA /purified terephthalic acid/ - DMT /dimethyl terephthalate/. End-use pattern for PTA+DMT in 1998|For more Consumption Patterns (Complete) data for DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Form of marketed product: Molten liquid

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dimethyl ester: ACTIVE|/POLYESTER/ FIBERS...ARE FORMED OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE. THIS POLYMER IS PRODUCED FROM DIMETHYL TEREPHTHALATE & ETHYLENE GLYCOL...|1978 capacity = 3.2X10+6 tons/year (includes acid)

KOVATS RETENTION INDEXES OF ESTERS OF PHTHALIC ACID IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS WERE DETERMINED BY GLASS CAPILLARY COLUMN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY & IDENTIFIED BY USE OF FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR.