1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene

265.942

265.95

215-642-9

365DE4737Q

1387

524443

DTXSID5026095

2903999090

0

5.95

1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene is a light-brown crystalline solid. (NTP, 1992)

1.6±0.1 g/cm3

199 °C

580 to 670°F

181.7±23.9 °C

1.666

In water, 0.00426 mg/l @ 25 deg C

This material should be stored in a refrigerator.

<1 mm

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 9.2

Colorless to pale-yellow solid; aromatic odor; molecular weight: 265.96; specific gravity: 1.59-1.65; melting point: 115 °C; boiling point: 311.5-360 °C; flash point: 410 °F; insoluble in water; combustible /Tetrachloronaphthalene (Halowax)/

Insoluble in water.

Aryl Halides

Simple aromatic halogenated organic compounds, such as 1,2,3,4-TETRACHLORONAPHTHALENE, are very unreactive. Halogenated organics generally become less reactive as more of their hydrogen atoms are replaced with halogen atoms. Materials in this group may be incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they may be incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides.

Combustible Solid

UN 1145 3/PG 2

R26;R27;R28

60-61-62

Xi,N,Xn,F

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P313, P501

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|You should dispose of all waste and contaminated materials associated with this chemical as specified by existing local, state and federal regulations concerning hazardous waste disposal. It is suggested that your contaminated materials should be destroyed by incineration in a special, high temperature ( >2000 degrees F), chemical incinerator facility.|Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Ensure plentiful supply of hydrocarbon fuel. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

The flash point of this compound has not been determined, but it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]|P260, P264, P270, P314, and P501|Warning|H316: Causes mild skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P305+P351+P338, P314, P332+P313, P337+P313, and P501

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, dampen the solid spill material with toluene, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with toluene to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash all contaminated surfaces with toluene followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)|... Wear appropriate clothing to prevent any possibility of skin contact with molten material ... /or/ solutions. Wear eye protection ... /and/ wash promptly when skin ... is contaminated. /Chloronaphthalenes/|(See protection codes)

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.

If you spill this chemical, dampen the solid spill material with toluene, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with toluene to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tigh plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent-wash all contaminated surfaces wit toluene followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.|1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. Liquids containing tetrachloronaphthalene should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material.

CONDENSER IMPREGNATION & OTHER OPERATIONS INVOLVING MELTING OF CHLORONAPHTHALENE SHOULD BE ENCLOSED OR PROVIDED WITH EFFECTIVE LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION. /CHLORONAPHTHALENES/|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder.

Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes and skin.

The substance may have effects on the liver. This may result in liver impairment.

NO open flames.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles.

1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene was found in air-dried fly ash from a municipal incinerator(1).

SOIL: A chlor-alkali plant that is located in southeastern coastal Georgia, near Brunswick, GA, and operated from 1955 to 1994, disposed of its process wastes into large holding pits near the top of the marsh and directly into the marsh and tidal creek(1). Excavated soil samples taken in February 1996 from waste holding pits contained 3.7 ng/g dry weight of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,6-tetrachloronaphthalene combined(1).|SEDIMENT: Surface sediment (0-10 cm) collected in June 1982 from the nearshore sedimentation area of the Wisla River in Kiezmark under Gdansk in Poland contained 0.027 ng/g dry weight of 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,7-, and 1,2,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalenes combined(1). A chlor-alkali plant that is located in southeastern coastal Georgia, near Brunswick, GA, and operated from 1955 to 1994, disposed of its process wastes into large holding pits near the top of the marsh and directly into the marsh and tidal creek(2). Surficial sediment (0-5 cm) was collected in February 1996 from two intertidal locations during low tide in the contaminated marsh, about 200 m down form the holding pits and contained 2.4 ng/g dry weight of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,6-tetrachloronaphthalene combined(2). Another sediment sample collected at Purvis Creek, about 800 m down from the holding pits, contained 3.8 ng/g dry weight of 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,6-tetrachloronaphthalene combined(2). Concentrations of polychlorinated naphthalenes were measured in ten lake and sea sediment samples from sites with no known present local pollution source(3). Concentrations of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene were all approximately less than 0.05 ng/g dry weight(3).

IDENTIFICATION: There are 75 possible congeners of chlorinated naphthalenes. Commercial products are generally mixtures of several congeners and range from thin liquids to hard waxes to high melting point solids. The higher chlorinated naphthalene products have been used as impregnants for condensers and capacitors and dipping encapsulating cmpd in electronic and automotive applications and as temporary binders in the manufacture of ceramic components, in paper coating and in precision casting of alloys, in electroplating, stop-off cmpd, as additive in gear oils and cutting cmpd, in flame proofing and insulation of electrical cable and conductors and moisture proof sealants, as separators in batteries, in refractive index testing oils, masking cmpd in electroplating and in grinding wheel lubricants. There are no known commercial uses for purified tetrachloronaphthalenes. HUMAN EXPOSURE: The major sources of release of chlorinated naphthalenes into the environment are likely from waste incineration and disposal of items containing chlorinated naphthalenes to landfill. In the past, chlorinated naphthalene concn of up to 14.5 mg/cu m have been measured in the workplace, while levels of 25-2900 ng/cu m have been recorded in out door air in vicinity of manufacturing sites. More recently, monitoring studies have revealed chlorinated naphthalene concn up to 150 pg/cu m at semirural sites and 1-40 pg/cu m at remote sites. Predominant cogeners in out door air were tri- and tetrachloronaphthalene. Chlorinated naphthalenes can be absorbed via oral, inhalative and dermal routes, with absorption and distribution over the whole body after oral admin. Chlorinated naphthalenes, especially the dioxin like congeners, have been detected in adipose tissue, liver, blood and breast milk samples from the general population at concn in the ng/kg lipid range. Severe skin reactions (chloracne) and liver disease have been reported after occupational exposure to chlorinated naphthalenes. Chloracne was common among workers who handling chlorinated naphthalenes in the 1930's to 1940's. A cohort study on workers exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes at a cable manufacturing plant found an excess of deaths from cirrhosis of the liver. However, individuals with chloracne did not show a higher mortality due to liver cirrhosis compared with other workers. The mortality from all cancers was slightly but significantly elevated among all exposed men (standardized mortality ratio =1.18), but was not more elevated in the subcohort with chloracne. This subcohort showed statistically significant excess mortality from cancer of the esophagus and from benign and unspecified neoplasms. Symptoms described in workers exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes included irritation of the eyes, fatigue, headache, anemia, hematuria, impotency, anorexia, vomiting and severe abdominal pain. ANIMAL STUDIES: Chlorinated naphthalenes have been shown to be highly bioaccumulative in fish, but less so in shrimp and algae. The amount of bioaccumulation observed incr with the degree of chlorination of the chlorinated naphthalenes. The most highly chlorinated naphthalenes do not appear to bioaccumulate. Chlorinated naphthalene concn in fish range up to a maximum of around 300 ug/kg lipid weight. 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene has demonstrated no mutagenicity. Monitoring studies with seabird eggs have revealed a decr in chlorinated naphthalene levels between 1974 and 1987. Hydroxy metabolites have been identified mostly for the lower chlorinated naphthalenes (mono- to tetra-) in experimental animals. There are also preliminary indications for the occurrence of methylthio- or methyl sulfoxide chloronaphthalene metabolites in the feces of rats. Elimination of the parent compounds and/or metabolites occurs via feces and urine. The higher chlorinated congeners appeared to be more toxic than the lower chlorinated ones. Long term and carcinogenicity studies with chlorinated naphthalenes have not been performed. Like related cmpd, chlorinated naphthalenes have been demonstrated to be inducers of the cytochrome p450 (CYP) dependent microsomal enzymes. Chlorinated naphthalenes were also found to change lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats in a manner indicative of oxidative stress. At least some of the biological and toxic responses of chlorinated naphthalenes are believed to be mediated via the cytosolic Ah receptor, resembling those of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related cmpd. All chlorinated naphthalenes tested cause skin irritations in laboratory animals. Chlorinated napthalenes appear to be of moderate to high acute toxicity to aquatic organisms. Tetra- and pentachloronaphthalene congeners tend to predominate in the biota. /Chlorinated naphthalenes, Tetrachloronaphthalenes and higher Chlorinated Naphthalenes/

Polychlorinated naphthalenes do not occur naturally in the environment(1).

1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene's former production and use with other polychloronaphthalenes as waxes and impregnants for protective coatings, water repellents, and wood preservatives may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(1). The sole U.S. producer ceased manufacturing chloronaphthalene products in 1977(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 14,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthlene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.38X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.9X10-6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.00426 mg/l(5). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC), based upon a vapor pressure of 2.9X10-6 mm Hg(4). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene's chemical structure suggests that it will not biodegrade quickly, because of the large number of aromatic chloride substituents(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 14,000(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.000238 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure 2.9X10-6 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.00426 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 11 hours and 8 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 11 years if adsorption is considered(9). According to a classification scheme(6), BCF values in the range of 5,100(7) to 33,000(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene's highly chlorinated chemical structure suggests that it will not biodegrade quickly(8).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene, which has a vapor pressure of 2.9X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases. Vapor-phase 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 35 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene may absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm, and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.1X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 35 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthlene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene may absorb light with wavelengths >290 nm, and may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

5.01e+03|Using a continuous flow through system and a 7-day exposure period, a 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene BCF of 33,000 was measured in guppies (Poecillia reticula)(1). In a static system, a mean BCF of 5100 was measured in rainbow trout over a 96-day exposure period(2). In a continuous flow through system, a mean BCF of 21,000 was measured in oligochaete worms(Tubifex tubifex and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri) over a 79-day exposure period(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthlene can be estimated to be 14,000(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene is 0.000238 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.9X10-6 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 0.00426 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 11 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 8 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 11 years if adsorption is considered(4). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption(SRC). 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC), based upon a vapor pressure of 2.9X10-6 mm Hg(1).

Occupational exposure to 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where chlorinated naphthalenes were produced or used (SRC). Polychlorinated naphthalenes are no longer produced in the US(1).

After chronic oral administration of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene with food to rats, accum in adipose tissue. Concentrations in blood and adipose tissue reached max in first 3 wk and reached equilibrium value within 5 wk.

When administered to pig, 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene gave phenolic metabolites - 5,6,7,8-tetrachloro-naphthol and 5,6,7,8-tetrachloro-2-naphthol.

15.85 Days

SYMPTOMS: Exposure to this chemical may cause acneform dermatitis, headache, fatigue, anorexia and vertigo. It may also cause jaundice and other symptoms of liver failure. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This material is toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is a strong irritant. Hazardous products are evolved when this material is heated to decomposition. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's lungs. However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Naphthalene and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Start an IV with lactated Ringer's. Adequate hydration must be maintained to prevent renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria unless signs of cerebral or pulmonary edema are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Naphthalene and related compounds/|Maintain an open air way and assist ventilation if necessary. Treat coma and seizures if they occur. Treat hemolysis and resulting hemoglobinuria if they occur by intravenous hydration and urinary alkalinization. There is no specific antidote. Administer activated charcoal if available. Do not induce vomiting, because of the risk of lethargy and seizures. Do not administer milk, fats or oils, which may enhance absorption /Naphthalene/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ An acne-form dermatitis (chloracne) developed in workers after four months exposure to an unknown concn of wax containing a mixture of tetra- and penta-chloronaphthalene; headache, fatigue, anorexia and vertigo were also noted. /Tetra- and Pentachloronaphthalenes/|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Until 1956 there was general agreement that as degree of chlorination incr so did acneigenic Properties & systemic toxicity... . According to...result of... expt on...volunteers, unexpected fact emerged that whereas tri-, tetra-, hepta-, & octachloronaphthalenes were entirely nonacneigenic, penta- & hexachloro deriv /were/... . /tetrachloronaphthalene/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Exposure to this chemical may cause acneform dermatitis, headache, fatigue, anorexia and vertigo. It may also cause jaundice and other symptoms of liver failure.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of fume and through the skin.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Acne-form dermatitis; headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), anorexia, dizziness; jaundice, liver injury

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Liver, skin, central nervous system

There are 75 possible congeners of chlorinated naphthalenes. Commercial products are generally mixtures of several congeners and range from thin liquids to hard waxes to high melting point solids. /Chlorinated naphthalenes/

Naphthalene, tetrachloro-: ACTIVE|SP - indicates a substance that is identified in a proposed Significant New Use Rule.|Koppers Co, Inc., the sole U.S. producer, ceased manufacturing their chloronaphthalene products (Halowax) in 1977.|Polychlorinated naphthalenes are halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that are no longer produced.|Commercial PCNs were produced by several companies, eg, Koppers Chemical Co., Halochem, Prodelec, Bayer, and ICI, and marketed under a number of trade names including Halowaxes, Nibren wasex, Seekay waxes, and Clonacire waxes. /Polychlorinated naphthalenes/|... Most of the commercial PCNs were complex mixtures of isomers and cogeners, although two products, namely monoPCN and Halowax 1051/N-Wax 80, contained primarily 1-chloronaphthalene and octachloronaphthalene, respectively. /Polychlorinated naphthalenes/

NIOSH Method: S130. Analyte: Tetrachloronaphthalene. Matrix: Air. Procedure: GC. Method Evaluation: Method was validated over the range of 0.912 to 4.04 mg/cu m using a 100 liter sample. No method detection limit was given. Precision (CVt): 0.097. Applicability: Under the conditions of sample size (100 liters) the useful range is 0.2 to 6 mg/cu m. Interferences: No specific interferences. /Tetrachloronaphthalene/|The residue is taken up in 1 ml hexane for analysis by GLC/MS. This procedure has a sensitivity of 0.3 ng/cu m.|Chloronaphthalenes are analyzed by GLC, HPLC, and TLC. /Chloronaphthalenes/