3-Hydroxybutanal

88.11

88.11

203-530-2

7610

2839

DTXSID2050407

Clear, white-to-yellow syrupy liquid|Colorless, thick liquid

2912491000

37.3

-0.77

Aldol appears as a clear white to yellow syrupy liquid. Denser than water. Contact may irritate skin and eyes. Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.

1.103 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

<25 °C

83 °C @ Press: 20 Torr

150 DEG F OC

1.4238

MISCIBLE WITH ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Store at RT.

21 MM HG @ 20 DEG C

3.00 (AIR= 1)

Oral-Rat LD50: 2180  mg/kg

Combustible in case of open flame, high temperature and strong oxidant; decomposes toxic crotonaldehyde gas when heated; burning emits irritating smoke

Henry's Law constant = 4.37X10-9 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Decomposes at 85 °C to produce crotonaldehyde|Conversion factors: 1 mg/L = 278 ppm; 1 ppm = 3.6 mg/cu m|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 4.84X10-11 cu cm/mole-sec at 25 °C (est)

Soluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

An aldehyde and alcohol. Aldehydes are frequently involved in self-condensation or polymerization reactions. These reactions are exothermic; they are often catalyzed by acid. Aldehydes are readily oxidized to give carboxylic acids. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of aldehydes with azo, diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. Aldehydes can react with air to give first peroxo acids, and ultimately carboxylic acids. These autoxidation reactions are activated by light, catalyzed by salts of transition metals, and are autocatalytic (catalyzed by the products of the reaction). The addition of stabilizers (antioxidants) to shipments of aldehydes retards autoxidation. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

482 °F (250 °C)

II

6.1(a)

2839

3

24-36

26-28-36/37-45

T

Complete packaging, light loading and unloading; warehouse ventilated, away from open flame, high temperature, and stored separately from oxidant

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

P262, P264, P270, P280, P302+P350, P305+P351+P338, P310, P322, P337+P313, P361, P363, P405, P501

H310

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H310 (66.1%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]|P262, P264, P270, P280, P302+P350, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P322, P337+P313, P361, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 59 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]|P262, P264, P270, P280, P302+P350, P305+P351+P338, P310, P322, P337+P313, P361, P363, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|Eye/face protection: Face shield and safety glasses. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

A flammable liquid and fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.|Appropriate engineering controls: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

A skin and eye irritant.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Acetaldol is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Acetaldol has been identified as a constituent of tobacco smoke(1).

moderately toxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Acetaldol is a colorless, thick liquid. It is used in manufacture of rubber vulcanizers. Other uses include perfumery, engraving, ore flotation, solvent, solvent mixtures for cellulose acetate, fungicides, organic synthesis, printer's rollers, cadmium plating, dyes, drugs, dyeing assistant, and synthetic polymers. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Rats exposed to acetaldol saturated air survived 1/2 hour.

LD50 Rat oral 2180 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit skin 140 mg/kg

Acetaldol's production and use in the manufacture of rubber vulcanizers(1,2), perfumery, engraving, ore flotation, solvent, solvent mixtures for cellulose acetate, fungicides, organic synthesis, printer's rollers, cadmium plating, dyes, drugs, dyeing assistant and synthetic polymers(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Acetaldol has been identified as a constituent of tobacco smoke(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetaldol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetaldol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Acetaldol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(3). Acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days(4), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that acetaldol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(3), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Acetaldol reached 49.7% of its theoretical BOD in 10 days(5), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetaldol, which has a vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetaldol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Acetaldol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetaldol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.8X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Acetaldol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Acetaldol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for acetaldol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -0.71(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of acetaldol is estimated as 1(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.71(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetaldol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for acetaldol is estimated as 4.4X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that acetaldol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). Acetaldol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not likely to occur(SRC). Acetaldol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 21 mm Hg at 20 °C(3).

DRINKING WATER: Acetaldol was detected, but not quantified in water samples collected in Seattle WA 5.2 sampled on Nov 5, 1976(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of acetaldol in the United States may be as low as 50 workers and as high as 99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 37,212 workers (11,951 of these are female) were potentially exposed to acetaldol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to acetaldol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetaldol is produced or used. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to acetaldol via smoking cigarettes. (SRC)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim calm and warm. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. (ERG, 2016)

Immediate first aid: Ensure adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Aggressive airway management may be necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory distress. Intubation should be considered at the first sign of upper airway obstruction caused by edema. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Considering administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aldehydes and Related Compounds/

3-hydroxybutanal

Grade: Technical (98%)

Butanal, 3-hydroxy-: ACTIVE

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 1st degree