Dinitrofluorobenzene

186.1

186.10

398632

200-734-3

D241E059U6

33519

2811

DTXSID8025331

C440

Pale yellow crystals from ether

29049085

91.6

1.83 (est)

Yellow to brownish Liquid or Low Melting Crystals

1.4718 g/cm³ @ Temp: 54 °C

25.8 °C

296 °C

>230 °F

1.585

H2O: 400 mg/L (25 ºC);chloroform: 0.1 g/mL, clear

2-8°C

0.00237 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

Oral-rat LDL0: 50 mg/kg; Subcutaneous-mouse LDL0: 100 mg/kg

Open flame is flammable; nitrogen oxide and fluoride are liberated by heat

Solutions in ether may explode when evaporated.

Henry's Law constant = 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

Slightly soluble in water.

Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic

Reacts with oxidizing agents (NTP, 1992). When air was admitted after vacuum evaporation of an ether peroxide solution, a violent explosion occurred. A halogenated aromatic nitro compound. Aromatic nitro compounds range from slight to strong oxidizing agents. If mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides, they may begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation. The aromatic nitro compounds may explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide even in the presence of water or organic solvents. The explosive tendencies of aromatic nitro compounds are increased by the presence of multiple nitro groups.

III

6.1

UN 3261 8/PG 2

3

22-33-34-42/43-40-23/24/25-43-36/38-36/37/38

22-26-36/37/39-45-28A-23-7/9-36/37

CZ7800000

C,T,Xn

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from reducing agents and food additives

Toxic

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.

P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338

H302-H315-H317-H319-H335-H373

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Solutions in ether may explode when evaporated.|When air was admitted after vacuum evaporation of a (peroxidic) ether solution of the dinitro compound (5 g), a violent explosion occurred. Exploding ether peroxide may have initiated the dinitro compound.

REVIEW WITH 19 REFERENCES. DNFB IS WIDELY USED IN BIOCHEM RESEARCH & TEACHING FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF AMINES, ESP AMINO ACIDS, & FOR EXPTL IMMUNIZATION. EXPTL OBSERVATIONS & CLINICAL REPORTS ARE REVIEWED & FACTORS INFLUENCING (HUMAN) SENSITIZATION ARE DISCUSSED. RECOMMENDATIONS ARE GIVEN FOR PROPER USE OF PROTECTIVE GLOVES & AVOIDANCE OF SPRAY INHALATION.[THOMPSON JS; EDMONDS OP; SAFETY ASPECTS OF HANDLING THE POTENT ALLERGEN 1-FLUORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE; ANN OCCUP HYG 23(1) 27 (1980)]

This chemical is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H301 (12.24%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 49 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Warning|H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P362, P363, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with alcohol, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with alcohol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. Splash proof safety goggles should be worn while handling this chemical. Alternatively, a full face respirator, equipped as above, may be used to provide simultaneous eye and respiratory protection. (NTP, 1992)

Solutions in ether may explode when evaporated.

/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Dinitrobenzenes; Dinitrobenzenes, liquid; Dinitrobenzenes, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. /Dinitrobenzenes; Dinitrobenzenes, liquid; Dinitrobenzenes, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. /Dinitrobenzenes; Dinitrobenzenes, liquid; Dinitrobenzenes, solid/|/GUIDE 152: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Dinitrobenzenes; Dinitrobenzenes, liquid; Dinitrobenzenes, solid/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1-FLUORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

A powerful irritant ... .

highly toxic

UV-IRRADIATION OF SKIN OR TOPICAL APPLICATION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS CAN CREATE LOCAL MILIEU IN WHICH 2,4-DININTRO-1-FLUOROBENZENE CANNOT FUNCTION AS EFFECTIVE STIMULATOR OF CONTACT HYPERSENSITIVITY.|ANTIGENIC COMPETITION (DEPRESSED CONTACT SENSITIVITY TO PICRYL CHLORIDE) WAS INDUCED IN MICE BY PAINTING WITH DNFB (600 MUG) & BY IV, IP & ORAL ADMIN (600 MUG). ANTIGENIC COMPETITION ABOLISHED BY CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE (5 MG, IP) GIVEN 4 DAYS AFTER IV DNFB (0 TO 600 MUG) OR 4-ETHOXYMETHYLENE 2-PHENYLOXAZOLONE (0 TO 600 MUG), & BY THYMECTOMY 6 WK PRIOR TO INJECTION OF DNFB. THYMUS-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS MAY BE INVOLVED IN ANTIGENIC COMPETITION INDUCED BY IV DNFB. IV DNFB DID NOT INDUCE CONTACT SENSITIVITY IN NORMAL MICE, AS IT DID IN MICE PRETREATED WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE 2 DAYS PRIOR TO INJECTION.|SUPPRESSOR T CELLS ACTING ON EFFERENT PHASE (TS-EFF) OF DINITROFLUOROBENZENE-CONTACT SENSITIVITY WERE INDUCED-IN BALB/C MICE BY INJECTION OF DINITROBENZENESULFONATE (DNBSO3) & SUBSEQUENT PAINTING (SENSITIZATION) WITH DNFB. TS-EFF CELLS RELEASED SUPPRESSOR FACTOR, ANTIGEN & STRAIN SPECIFIC, WHICH WAS ACTIVE IN VIVO IN SENSITIZED RECIPIENTS. ADMIN OF DNBSO3 ALONE GENERATED SUPPRESSOR T CELLS, WHICH ACTED ONLY ON AFFERENT PHASE (TS-EFF). SUPPRESSOR T CELLS COULD NOT BE DETECTED IN MICE PAINTED WITH DNFB & DESENSITIZED LATER BY INJECTION OF DNBSO3.|ANTIBODY MEDIATED & CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE FUNCTIONS OF OFFSPRING FROM NEW ZEALAND WHITE RABBITS FED CONTROL CHOW OR CHOW CONTAINING 10, 100 OR 250 PPM OF AROCLOR 1248 (PCB) WERE ASSESSED. ONLY OFFSPRING FROM MOTHERS FED 250 PPM HAD SIGNIFICANTLY LOWER CONTACT SENSITIVITY RESPONSE TO DNFB. THERE WAS NO DECR IN PLAQUE FORMING CELL RESPONSE TO SHEEP RED BLOOD CELLS (SRBC) OR SERUM ANTI-SRBC ANTIBODY TITERS AT ANY EXPOSURE LEVEL. SPLEEN & THYMUS DID NOT REVEAL ANY CHANGES IN CELLULARITY ASSOC WITH IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; NOR DID PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES DIFFER FROM CONTROLS.|For more Interactions (Complete) data for 1-FLUORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's production and use as an alkylating agent and reagent in elucidating amino acid sequence in proteins(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). It has been shown that nitrobenzenes adsorb strongly to clay surfaces and the mobility of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be low in soils rich in clay content(3,4). Volatilization of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days(4) suggesting biodegradation occurs slowly in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 575(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.83(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene since this compound lacks functional groups that undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions(3). The half-life of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in a dry silt loam soil was greater than 50 days(7) suggesting biodegradation occurs slowly in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 420 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(2). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light greater than 290 nm(3) and may be susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 420 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene absorbs light greater than 290 nm and may be susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight(SRC). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important fate process for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene since this compound lacks functional groups that undergo hydrolysis under environmental conditions(3).

An estimated BCF of 7 was calculated in fish for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.83(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene can be estimated to be 575(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil. It has been shown that nitrobenzenes adsorb strongly to clay surfaces and the mobility of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be low in soils rich in clay content(3,4).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is estimated as 9.8X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC). 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.4X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 28 workers (0 of these were female) were potentially exposed to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene is produced or used(SRC).

Contact sensitivity to 2,4 dinitrofluorobenzene is maximal six days after sensitization but declines rapidly, due to autoanti-idiotypic antibodies produced by the host. The studies presented here indicate that this down regulation by anti-Id is a C independent active process involving a subset of Ia+ T cells in the immune lymph node cell population. Depleting immune LN cells of Ia+ T cells renders them insensitive to inhibition by anti-Id alone, although the same population is inhibited by treatment anti-Id plus C. This c(M population is rendered sensitive to inhibition by anti-Id alone by adding untreated DNFB sensitized LN cells but not by adding normal LN cells. Further studies showed that suppression by anti-Id activated Ia+ T cells occurs locally at the skin test site and is antigen nonspecific. These data indicate the natural regulation of CS to DNFB by autoanti-Id antibodies involves a negative feedback regulatory loop.|Chemokines are involved in the control of dendritic cell (DC) trafficking, which is critical for the immune response, namely in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). In this work, we investigated by flow cytometry the effect of the contact sensitizers 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), 1,4-phenylenediamine (PPD) and nickel sulfate (NiSO(4)), on the surface expression of the chemokine receptors CCR6 and CXCR4 in DC. As an experimental model of a DC we used a fetal skin-derived dendritic cell line (FSDC), which has morphological, phenotypical and functional characteristics of skin DC. Our results show that all the skin sensitizers studied decreased the membrane expression of the chemokine receptors CCR6 and CXCR4. In contrast, 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene (DCNB), the inactive analogue of DNFB without contact sensitizing properties, was without effect on the surface expression of these receptors. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induces the maturation of DC, also reduced surface CCR6 and CXCR4 expression.|Early changes in gene expression have been identified by cDNA microarray technology. Analysis of draining auricular lymph node tissue sampled at 48 h following exposure to the potent contact allergen 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) provided examples of up- and down-regulated genes, including onzin and guanylate binding protein 2, and glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (GlyCAM-1), respectively. Allergen-induced changes in these three genes were confirmed in dose-response and kinetic analyses using Northern blotting and/or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction techniques. The results confirmed that these genes are robust and relatively sensitive markers of early changes provoked in the lymph node by contact allergen. Upon further investigation, it was found that altered expression of the adhesion molecule GlyCAM-1 was not restricted to treatment with DNFB. Topical sensitization of mice to a chemically unrelated contact allergen, oxazolone, was also associated with a decrease in the expression of mRNA for GlyCAM-1. Supplementary experiments revealed that changes in expression of this gene are independent of the stimulation by chemical allergens of proliferative responses by draining lymph node cells. Taken together these data indicate that the expression of GlyCAM-1 is down-regulated rapidly following epicutaneous treatment of mice with chemical allergens, but that this reduction is associated primarily with changes in lymph node cell number, or some other aspect of lymph node activation, rather than proliferation.|The skin sensitizer 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) provokes delayed hypersensitivity responses as a result of topical application to the skin. Here, we demonstrate that DNFB modifies proteins in RAW 264.7 cells and skin tissues in NC/Nga mice; we also show the functional involvement of DNFB-induced modification of cellular proteins in the DNFB-induced macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 gene expression in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we demonstrate that DNFB strongly induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our RT-PCR analysis and reporter gene assays reveal that the DNFB-induced intracellular ROS production is necessary for MIP-2 gene expression by DNFB. We observed that the vitamin C and chemical oxidant scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine have an inhibitory effect on the generation of ROS, the activation of MAP kinase pathways, and the MIP-2 gene expression in DNFB-treated RAW 264.7 cells. These results provide insight into the mechanisms involved in DNFB-induced contact hypersensitivity.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation to the eyes, skin and mucous membranes. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This chemical is highly toxic, a powerful irritant, and causes blistering. It caused allergic reactions and dermatitis by skin contact or inhalation. It can be absorbed through the skin. (NTP, 1992)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat as necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary. Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. If unresponsive to these measures, vasopressors may be helpful. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Nitrates, nitrites, and related compounds/

1 Fluoro 2,4 dinitrobenzene

Benzene, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitro-: ACTIVE