Tetralin

132.2

132.20

204-340-2

FT6XMI58YQ

1527

77451

1993

DTXSID1026118

COLORLESS LIQUID

2902 90 00

0

3.5

Fluid

0.9702 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-35.8 °C

207.6 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

171 °F

n 20/D 1.541(lit.)

H2O: INsoluble

Store below +30°C.

0.18 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

4.55 (vs air)

Oral-Rat LD50: 1571 mg/kg

Flammable; burning produces irritating fumes

0.8%, 100°F

ODOR RESEMBLING MIXTURE OF BENZENE & MENTHOL

ACIDITY NEUTRAL

3.43e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's Law constant= 1.7X10-3 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Heat capacity at 25 °C: 217.5 J/mol K

Flammable.

Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Peroxidizable Compound

TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. Oxidizes readily in air to form unstable peroxides that may explode spontaneously [Bretherick 1979 p.151-154].

Tetrahydronaphthalene|B: Compounds that form peroxides on concentration (distillation/evaporation)|4 samples had 0 ppm peroxide; age >9 yrs|Kelly|Explosions have occured during distillations. See Bretherick's.|Grignard, 1949, Vol. 17.1, 673

725 °F (USCG, 1999)|725 °F (385 °C)|385 °C

-10,200 CAL/G

UPPER FLAMMABLE LIMIT: 5.0% BY VOL @ 302 °F; LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT 0.8% BY VOL @ 212 °F

As a result of flow, agitation, etc., electrostatic charges can be generated.

76.5 CAL/G

III

9

UN 3082 9/PG 3

2

19-36/38-51/53-65-40

26-28-61-28A-62-36/37

QK3850000

Xi,N,Xn

The warehouse is ventilated at low temperature and dry; add antioxidants such as hydroquinone

May be explosive when mixed with air; prolonged contact with air produces explosive peroxides

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P273-P281-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P331

H304-H315-H319-H351-H411

Prolonged, close contact with air may cause an explosion.

BEAUMONT D, WAIGH RD; THE BETA-ADRENOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINESAND TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENES. PROG MED CHEM 18: 45-86 (1981). A REVIEW WITH 155 REFERENCES ON THE BETA-ADRENOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE AND 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE DERIVATIVES.|Nelson NA et al; Solvent Nephrotoxicity in Humans and Experimental Animals. Am J Nephrol 10 (1): 10-20 (1990). Evidence from human case reports, epidemiologic studies and animal experiments have suggested that exposure to organic solvents is associated with a wide spectrum of renal disorders, including tubular necrosis, interstitial disease, glomerulonephritis and neoplasia. This review summarizes what is known about solvent induced renal damage in humans and experimental animals, with emphasis on hypothesized mechanisms by which this broad range of disorders may occur.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substance may be transported hot. For hybrid vehicles, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to ERG Guide 169. (ERG, 2016)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 77 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

|Warning|H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, and P501|H312 (65.4%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]|P264, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 684 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Danger|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P332+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Air-supplied mask in closed tanks; goggles or face shield; rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)

MODERATE, WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME; CAN REACT WITH OXIDIZING MATERIALS. SPONTANEOUS HEATING: NO.

... OXIDIZES ON EXPOSURE TO AIR, LEAVING EXPLOSIVE RESINOUS RESIDUES.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 0.8 (at 100 °C) - 5.0 (at 150 °C)

WATER MAY BE INEFFECTIVE ON FIRE. COOL EXPOSED CONTAINERS WITH WATER.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

... VAPORS ARE KNOWN TO PRODUCE ... IRRITATION OF CONJUNCTIVA & RESPIRATORY TRACT MUCOSA.|Irritant to eyes and skin.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong oxidants. Keep in a well-ventilated room. Well closed.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C; on spraying or dispersing, however, much faster.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The substance may have effects on the kidneys.

NO contact with oxidizing agents. NO open flames. Above 77 °C use a closed system and ventilation. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Tetralin was identified at a concn range of 13.3-154.3 ng/L in paper-mill effluents being discharged into the Rainy River(1). Tetralin was qualitatively identified in advanced waste treatment water from Lake Tahoe, CA in October of 1974(2). Tetralin was detected at a concn range of 2-58 ug/mL in 5 incinerator effluent extracts(3). Tetralin was detected 1 km from a Volvo assembly plant in Goteborg, Sweden at a concn of 4.6 ug/cu-m on January 14, 1981; regional Goteburg air contains less than 0.01 ug/cu-m tetralin(4). Also, 30 ug/cu-m tetralin was detected in air nearby a Saab assembly plant in Sweden on January 19, 1981(4). These data suggest tetralin is released from automobile assembly plants in emissions from solvents used during painting processes(4). Tetralin emission rates from well-tuned radiant and maltuned convective kerosene space heaters ranged from 100-240 ng/kJ(5).|Based upon monitoring data of runoff from land, approximately 1,053 and 2,271 kg tetralin/yr are input to the Canadian Lake Ontario and Canadian Great Lakes water basins, respectively(1). Tetralin was detected at a concn of 11 ng/g in wastewater from the petroleum refining industry after dissolved air flotation(2).

Tetralin was qualitatively identified in suspended solids from St. Louis Bay in the Duluth harbor in 1983(1).

INDOOR AIR: Tetralin was detected at concns of 10 and 20 ug/cu-m in 2 of 6 indoor air samples taken mostly from homes in northern Italy(1).

moderately toxic

LD50 Rat oral 2860 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal 17,300 mg/kg

Tetralin is released to the environment in emissions from automobile and diesel engines(1), incinerators(2), kerosene space heaters(3), and from automobile assembly plants during painting processes(4). Tetralin is released in effluents from paper-mills(5), petroleum refineries(6), and in advanced waste treatment effluents(7). Tetralin may also be released to surface waters via runoff from land(8).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: If released to soil, adsorption is expected to take place. However, it has been detected in groundwater beneath a municipal landfill(4) and the annual loadings of tetralin in runoff from land in the Canadian Ontario and Great Lakes water basins are estimated to be 1,053 and 2,270 kg/yr, respectively(5). Based on biodegradation half-lives of 4-13 days in aquatic systems(1-3), biodegradation in soil will be important(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on the estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-3 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C(2), volatilization half-lives from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec and wind velocity of 3 m/sec) and lake (1 m deep) can be estimated to be 4 hours and 5 days, respectively(1,SRC). An estimated Koc value of 1,800(3) suggests a high adsorption potential; furthermore, tetralin was detected in suspended solids from St. Louis Bay(4). Screening and grab sample tests indicate a biodegradation half-life of 4-13 days in seawater, groundwater, and river water(5-7). Bioconcentration in fish may be important in organisms that cannot metabolize tetralin(8).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on the experimental vapor pressure of 0.368 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), tetralin is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere(2). Vapor phase tetralin will degrade rapidly in the ambient atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of about 11 hours(3,SRC). Vapor phase tetralin will also degrade in the ambient atmosphere at night-time by reaction with nitrate radicals with a half-life of about 3.6 days(4-5,SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of tetralin with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals is measured to be 3.43X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1) which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hrs at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of tetralin with nitrate radicals (NO3) is measured to be 1.1X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2) which corresponds to a half-life of about 3.6 days at an atmospheric concn of 2X10+8 NO3 radicals per cu cm(3,SRC).

338.84|A measured BCF in fish was reported to be about 200(1); this experimental BCF suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will be important environmentally(SRC).

A Koc for tetralin of about 1,800 can be estimated using a structure activity relationship(1). Based on a suggested classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that tetralin has low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for tetralin can be estimated to be approximately 1.7X10-3 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C using a chemical structure estimation method(2). According to a suggested classification scheme(1), volatilization from water will be significant. Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec) can be estimated to be about 4 hours(1,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 meter deep) can be estimated to be about 5 days(1,SRC). Tetralin exhibited a half-life attributed to volatilization of 8.5 days in a mesocosm containing 13 cu-m Narragansett seawater poisoned with HgCl2 to retard biological activity(3).

SURFACE WATER: Tetralin was qualitatively identified in water from the River Lee, United Kingdom, in which several sewage treatment plants discharge their effluents(1). Tetralin was quantified at a concn range of 1.3-60.6 ng/L in water from the Rainy River which forms an international boundary between the U.S. and Canada(2). Tetralin was detected at a concn of 31 ng/L in water from the Sava River, Northern Croatia, Yugoslavia(3).|GROUNDWATER: In 1984, tetralin was qualitatively identified in groundwater near Falmouth, MA(1). Tetralin was identified in groundwater at a concn of 13 and 300 ng/L from wells 120 and 30 m, respectively, from a municipal landfill near Zegreb in Northern Croatia, Yugoslavia; groundwater 0 m from the municipal landfill contained 560 ng/L tetralin(2).|DRINKING WATER: Tetralin was quantitatively identified at a concn of 25 ng/L in drinking water from Cincinnati, OH in February 1980(1). Tetralin was qualitatively identified in drinking water from Poplarville, MS, New Orleans, LA, Philadelphia, PA, Ottumwa, IA, and Seattle, WA from January, 1976-March, 1979(2).

During its use in shoe polish and floor wax(1), the general population may be exposed to tetralin via inhalation and dermal contact(SRC). Workers may be exposed to tetralin via inhalation of contaminated air and dermalcontact(SRC).|... MAY OCCUR IN THE PAINT, SOLVENT, AND VARNISH INDUSTRIES.|Tetralin was identified at a concn range of 0-1 ug/cu-m in personal air samples taken from the vulcanization area of a tire retreading factory(1). NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 503 workers are potentially exposed to tetralin in the USA(2).

ABSORBED VAPOR IS EXCRETED BY KIDNEYS AS ALPHA- AND BETA-TETRAHYDRONAPHTHOLS ANDTHEIR GLUCURONIDES ... .|RADIOACTIVE TETRALIN, WHEN ADMIN TO RABBIT, WAS EXCRETED IN URINE AS GLUCURONIDEAT 87-99% AND IN FECES AT 0.6-1.8% OF ORIGINAL DOSE. ... WAS ABSORBED BY MUSSEL BUT NOT METABOLIZED; ... UP TO 80% WAS RELEASED IN UNCHANGED FORM WHEN THE ORGANISM WAS TRANSFERRED TO FRESH SEAWATER.|When radioactive tetralin was fed to rabbits, 87-90% of the activity was excreted in the urine in 2 days and 0.5-3.7% on the third day. The feces contained only 0.6-1.8%. No radioactivity was found in the breath, and negligible amounts were retained in the tissues. About 90-99% of the dose was accounted for.

(1-(14)C)-TETRALIN IS METABOLIZED IN RABBITS BY HYDROXYLATION OF ALICYCLIC RING TO YIELD CONJUGATES OF AC-ALPHA-TETRALOL (60% OF DOSE), AC-BETA-TETRALOL (20%) & TETRALIN-1,2-DIOL (2.5%), & HYDROXYLATION OF AROMATIC RING ... YIELDING AR-BETA-TETRALOL (5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-2-NAPHTHOL, 0.1%).|YIELDS 2-HYDROXYTETRALYLMERCAPTURIC ACID, 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-1-NAPHTHOL, 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-2-NAPHTHOL IN RABBIT. YIELDS 1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDRO-1,2-DIHYDROXYNAPHTHALENE, 5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-2-NAPHTHOL IN RABBIT. /FROM TABLE/|In rabbits, the main urinary metabolite was the glucuronide of alpha-tetralol (52.4%). Other conjugated metabolites were beta-tetralol (25.3%), 4-hydroxy-alpha-tetralone (6.1%), and cis-tetralin-1,2-diol (0.4%). Using rat liver homogenates, it was shown that conversion of tetralin to tetralol requires reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and that tetralin hydroperoxide is a probable intermediate. Further study confirmed this possibility and indicated that tetralin hydroxylation proceeds via a radical mechanism similar to that of lipid peroxidation.|Tetralin, a component of fuels, solvents, and varnishes, is metabolized in male Fischer 344 rats to 1-tetralol, 2-tetralol, 2-hydroxyl-1-tetralone, 4-hydroxyl-1-tetralone, 1,2-tetralindiol, and 1,4-tetralindiol.

5.62 Days|8.00 Days

DECAHYDRONAPHTHALENE AND NAPHTHALENE ARE THE PRINCIPAL IMPURITIES.

Liquid may cause nervous disturbance, green coloration of urine, and skin and eye irritation (USCG, 1999)

INGESTION: induce vomiting; call a doctor; medical treatment should be aimed at conservation of liver and kidney function. EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min; call a doctor. SKIN: wipe off, wash with soap and water. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Remove contaminated clothes.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

... IN HIGH CONCENTRATIONS, /SRP: CNS DEPRESSANT/ ... .|... VAPORS ARE KNOWN TO PRODUCE HEADACHE, NAUSEA, VOMITING, AND IRRITATION OF CONJUNCTIVA AND OF RESPIRATORY TRACT MUCOSA. HIGH CONCENTRATIONS PRODUCE /CNS DEPRESSION/.|Dermal exposure to tetralin has caused eczematous dermatitis, but only rarely, and exposure to tetralin fumes in poorly ventilated places has produced /CNS depressant/ effects including marked restless, eye irritation, headache, malaise, asthenia, nausea, and vomiting.|A hallmark for tetralin exposure in man is the production of green colored urine. ... Green urine /was reported/ from a man who had ingested 5.7 g of a pigment called di-tetralin. ... Two cases of "tetralin urine" /were reported/ in painters who used tetralin-containing varnishes in a poorly ventilated area; these workers also showed intense irritation of the mucous membranes, profuse lacrimation , headache, and stupor.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TETRALIN (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene

Cough. Dizziness. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting. Weakness.

Redness. Pain.

Pain. Redness. Blurred vision.

"ESSENCE OF TETRALIN" IS COMMERCIAL MIXTURE OF TETRALIN & HEXALIN, PALE YELLOW LIQUID WHICH IS BETTER SOLVENT OF RESINS THAN TETRALIN ALONE ... .|GRADES OR PURITY: 90+%|THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCT TYPICALLY HAS A TETRAHYDRONAPTHALENE CONTENT OF >97 wt%.|Grade: Technical

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-: ACTIVE|Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-, C1-4-alkyl derivs.: ACTIVE|PEROXIDE FORMATION /FROM CONTACT WITH AIR/ IS PREVENTED BY THE ADDITION OF AN ANTIOXIDANT, SUCH AS HYDROQUINONE.|Compatible with natural and synthetic vehicles.|The germicidal action of quaternary ammonium cmpd was increased by a factor of 3 with the addition of tetralin.|Tetralin ring used in a group of new fungicidal phenols, which have lower phyto and mammalian toxicity as compared to known phenolic fungicides.|Used as a chemical intermediary in the formation of acylisopropyltetramethylindans which have a musk aroma and enhance the aroma of perfume cmpd and colognes.

A method /has been described/ for the quantification of tetralin in the presenceof petroleum-type hydrocarbons in avian tissues which involves pentane extraction followed by GLC and GLC-MS ... .|A procedure /has been described/ for the determination of tetralin in the presence of a number of other organic compounds in fish samples by vacuum distillation and fused silica capillary GC/MS ... .|Metabolites of tetralin in human urine have been quantitated by GLC equipped with a flame ionization detector.