(-)-Atropine

289.37

289.37

202-933-0

PX44XO846X

C29104

SILKY, TETRAGONAL NEEDLES FROM EVAPORATING ALCOHOL|WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

29339900

49.77000

1.53

white powder

1.0470 (rough estimate)

108.5 °C

431.53°C (rough estimate)

213.7±28.7 °C

1.5200 (estimate)

3560 mg/L (at 20 °C)

2-8°C

0mmHg at 25°C

D20 -21.0° (alc)

11.7None

11.7|K= 1.9X10-12 AT 19 °C

169.7 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

EASILY RACEMIZED

I

6.1

UN 1544 6.1/PG 2

3

26/28

24-45

NH0875000

T+

AFFECTED BY LIGHT & HEAT

|Danger|H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P271, P284, P301+P310, P304+P340, P310, P320, P321, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 43 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Symptoms of overdose include headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, dilated pupils, hot dry skin, dizziness, dryness of the mouth, difficulty in swallowing, and CNS stimulation. LD50=mg/kg(orally in rat)

Despite widespread use over many decades, hyoscyamine has not been linked to episodes of liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury. A major reason for its safety may relate to the low daily dose and limited duration of use.

L-HYOSCYAMINE (0.3 MG/KG) PREVENTED THE SALIVATION INDUCED IN MICE BY CHOLINERGIC AND ADRENERGIC DRUGS WITHOUT AFFECTING THE ACCOMPANYING TEMP RESPONSES. WHEN GIVEN 30 MIN BEFORE THE INJECTION OF AN ADRENERGIC SIALAGOGUE, IT DID NOT INHIBIT THE SALIVATION INDUCED BY D-AMPHETAMINE SULFATE BUT STILL DIMINISHED THAT CAUSED BY L-ISOPROTERENOL BITARTRATE.

50%

...FROM HYOSCYAMUS NIGER L, ATROPA BELLODONNA L, & DATURA STRAMONIUM L, & OTHER SOLANACEOUS PLANTS...

For treatment of bladder spasms, peptic ulcer disease, diverticulitis, colic, irritable bowel syndrome, cystitis, and pancreatitis. Also used to treat certain heart conditions, to control the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and rhinitis.

Hyoscyamine as a natural plant alkaloid derivative and anticholinergic that is used to treat mild to moderate nausea, motion sickness, hyperactive bladder and allergic rhinitis. Hyoscyamine has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.

Gastrointestinal Agents

Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Antidotes; Bronchodilator Agents; Muscarinic Antagonists; Mydriatics; Parasympatholytics|/L-HYOSCYAMINE IS/ THE LEVOROTATORY ISOMER OF THE RACEMIC MIXTURE.../DL-ATROPINE/, & THEREFORE 1/2 OF ATROPINE IS HYOSCYAMINE. SINCE DEXTROROTATORY ISOMER IS NEARLY INACTIVE, THE POTENCY OF HYOSCYAMINE IS APPROX TWICE THAT OF ATROPINE. ACTIONS /&/ USES...ARE SAME AS THOSE OF ANTIMUSCARINIC DRUGS IN GENERAL, EXCEPT THAT HYOSCYAMINE HAS NOT BEEN USED FOR OPHTHALMOLOGIC PURPOSES & IS OF LITTLE USE TO SUPPRESS GASTRIC SECRETION. ...ITS USE HAS MAINLY BEEN CONFINED TO THAT OF AN ANTISPASMODIC.|TEN MALE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC DUODENAL ULCERATION WERE EXAMINED WITH AN AUGMENTED HISTAMINE TEST BEFORE AND DURING TREATMENT WITH OPTIMAL EFFECTIVE DOSES OF LONG-ACTING L-HYOSCYAMINE 0.84 MG, GIVEN 3 TIMES DAILY. ACID OUTPUT WAS STIMULATED AND SECRETORY VOLUME WAS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED DURING TREATMENT, WHILE THE PEPSIN AND INTRINSIC FACTOR SECRETION WERE UNALTERED.|IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS L-HYOSCYAMINE (0.6 MG, TWICE A DAY) AFFECTED SALIVARY SECRETION SIGNIFICANTLY. GASTRIC EMPTYING WAS SIGNIFICANTLY DELAYED BY L-HYOSCYAMINE COMPARED TO PIRENZEPINE. SWALLOWING-INDUCED ESOPHAGEAL PERISTALSIS WAS INHIBITED IN 51% BY L-HYOSCYAMINE. IT ALSO AFFECTED BOTH PUPIL-SIZE AND NEARPOINT DISTANCE.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for (-)-HYOSCYAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

6. 6= SUPER TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) LESS THAN 5 MG/KG; A TASTE (LESS THAN 7 DROPS) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

L-Hyoscyamine, the active optical isomer of atropine (dl-hyoscyamine), is a tertiary amine anticholinergic gastrointestinal agent.

Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage. (See all compounds classified as Adjuvants, Anesthesia.)|Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade. (See all compounds classified as Anti-Arrhythmia Agents.)|Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes. (See all compounds classified as Bronchodilator Agents.)|Drugs that bind to but do not activate MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous ACETYLCHOLINE or exogenous agonists. Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, GI system, and salivary glands, GI motility, urinary bladder tone, and the central nervous system. (See all compounds classified as Muscarinic Antagonists.)|Agents that dilate the pupil. They may be either sympathomimetics or parasympatholytics. (See all compounds classified as Mydriatics.)|Agents that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. The major group of drugs used therapeutically for this purpose is the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS. (See all compounds classified as Parasympatholytics.)

Absorbed totally and completely by sublingual administration as well as oral administration.

Hepatic|LIVER HOMOGENATES OF RABBITS CONTAINING (-)-HYOSCYAMINE ACYLHYDROLASE HYDROLYZED (-)-HYOSCYAMINE TO TROPINE AND(-)-TROPIC ACID BUT DID NOT CLEAVE (+)-HYOSCYAMINE.

2-3.5 hours

Hyoscyamine competes favorably with acetylcholine for binding at muscarinic receptors in the salivary, bronchial, and sweat glands as well as in the eye, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. The actions of hyoscyamine result in a reduction in salivary, bronchial, gastric and sweat gland secretions, mydriasis, cycloplegia, change in heart rate, contraction of the bladder detrusor muscle and of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and decreased gastrointestinal motility.|MAJOR ACTION OF ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENTS IS A COMPETITIVE ANTAGONISM OF THE ACTIONS OF ACETYLCHOLINE & OTHER MUSCARINIC AGONISTS. ... RECEPTORS AFFECTED ARE THOSE OF PERIPHERAL STRUCTURES THAT ARE...STIMULATED OR INHIBITED BY MUSCARINE, THAT IS, EXOCRINE GLANDS & SMOOTH & CARDIAC MUSCLE. RESPONSES TO POSTGANGLIONIC CHOLINERGIC NERVE STIMULATION ARE ALSO INHIBITED...BUT LESS READILY THAN RESPONSES TO INJECTED CHOLINE ESTERS. /ANTIMUSCARINIC DRUGS/

...DILATES PUPIL & PARALYZES ACCOMMODATION FOR NEAR /VISION/ THIS HAS NO SERIOUS RESULT UNLESS ANTERIOR CHAMBER IS ANATOMICALLY ABNORMALLY SHALLOW, IN WHICH CASE ACUTE GLAUCOMA MAY BE INDUCED. CASES OF ACUTE GLAUCOMA HAVE BEEN REPORTED AFTER USE OF HYOSCYAMINE IN EYEDROPS...|SYMPTOMS & SIGNS...DEVELOP PROMPTLY AFTER INGESTION... MOUTH BECOMES DRY & BURNS; SWALLOWING & TALKING ARE DIFFICULT OR IMPOSSIBLE, THERE IS MARKED THIRST. VISION IS BLURRED, & PHOTOPHOBIA IS PROMINENT. SKIN IS HOT, DRY, & FLUSHED. RASH MAY APPEAR, ESPECIALLY OVER FACE, NECK & UPPER PART OF TRUNK; DESQUAMATION MAY FOLLOW. ATROPINE RASH IS MORE LIKELY TO OCCUR IN CHILDREN. BODY TEMP RISES, ESP IN INFANTS. PULSE IS WEAK & VERY RAPID, BUT IN INFANTS & OLD PEOPLE TACHYCARDIA MAY NOT BE PRONOUNCED. PALPITATION IS PROMINENT, & BLOOD PRESSURE MAY BE ELEVATED. URINARY URGENCY & DIFFICULTY IN MICTURITION ARE SOMETIMES NOTED. ABDOMINAL DISTENTION MAY DEVELOP, ESP IN INFANTS. /BELLADONNA ALKALOIDS/|/AFTER ORAL POISONING/ PT IS RESTLESS, EXCITED, CONFUSED & EXHIBITS WEAKNESS, GIDDINESS & MUSCULAR INCOORDINATION. GAIT & SPEECH ARE DISTURBED. NAUSEA & VOMITING SOMETIMES OCCUR. BEHAVIOR & MENTAL SYMPTOMS MAY SUGGEST ACUTE ORGANIC PSYCHOSIS. MEMORY IS DISTURBED, ORIENTATION IS FAULTY, HALLUCINATIONS (ESP VISUAL) ARE COMMON, SENSORIUM IS CLOUDED, & MANIA & DELIRIUM ARE NOT UNUSUAL. ...SYNDROME OFTEN LASTS 48 HR OR LONGER & MAY BE PUNCTUATED BY CONVULSIONS. DEPRESSION & CIRCULATORY COLLAPSE OCCUR ONLY IN...SEVERE INTOXICATION; BLOOD PRESSURE DECLINES, RESPIRATION BECOMES INADEQUATE, & DEATH DUE TO RESP FAILURE FOLLOWS AFTER PERIOD OF PARALYSIS & COMA. /BELLADONNA ALKALOIDS/|L-HYOSCYAMINE-HBR 4.8 GAMMA/KG IV DID NOT CHANGE THE VISUALLY EVOKED RESPONSES OR THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM IN NORMAL FASTED SUBJECTS. AN EQUIMOLAR AMT OF L-HYOSCYAMINE-HBR WAS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN ATROPINE SULFATE IN INCR THE HEART RATE.

Anaspaz

Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-(hydroxymethyl)-, (3-endo)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester, (.alpha.S)-: INACTIVE|EXPOSURE OF DATURA INNOXIA SEEDS TO GAMMA-IRRADIATION AT 0.5-1.0 KILOROENTGEN ENHANCED GERMINATING CAPACITY AND INCR VIABILITY & PRODUCTIVITY OF THE PLANTS AND INCREASED HYOSCAMINE AND SCOPOLAMINE CONTENT. A DOSE OF 20 KILOROENTGEN WAS LETHAL.

HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATIONS ARE DESCRIBED FOR THE ANALYSIS OF HYOSCYAMINE-ATROPINE & SCOPOLAMINE IN COMBINATION PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS CONTAINING PHENOBARBITAL.|A SIMPLE, SPECIFIC AND SENSITIVE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IS DESCRIBED FOR ATROPINE (DL-HYOSCYAMINE) AND L-HYOSCYAMINE.|A POST-COLUMN DERIVATIZATION SYSTEM USING THE FLUORIMETRIC ION-PAIR TECHNIQUE IS DESCRIBED. THE REACTION SYSTEM WAS TESTED WITH HYOSCYAMINE WHICH WAS MODERATELY RETAINED. DETECTION LIMIT WAS 200 PG.|HYOSCYAMINE WAS AMONG THE ALKALOIDS TESTED FOR IDENTIFICATION BY COLOR CHANGE SPECTROPHOTOMETRICALLY.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for (-)-HYOSCYAMINE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A NEW, RAPID GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR BLOOD SCREENING IS PRESENTED FOR THE DETECTION OF BASIC DRUGS OF TOXICOLOGICAL INTEREST, INCLUDING (-)-HYOSCYAMINE.

Pharmaceuticals