Dibromochloromethane

208.28

208.28

1731046

204-704-0

3T4AJR1H24

2810|3082

DTXSID1020300

Colorless to pale yellow liquid|Clear, colorless, heavy liquid

29034980

0

2.16

Chlorodibromomethane is a clear colorless to yellow-orange liquid. Density 2.451 g / cm3. No flash point.

2.38 g/cm³

-20 °C

120 °C

115-118°C

n 20/D 1.547(lit.)

Not miscible or difficult to mix in water.acetone: soluble

0-6°C

76 at 20 °C (Schwille, 1988)

Oral-rat LD50: 370 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 800 mg/kg

Non-combustible; Fire site releases toxic chloride, bromide fumes

7.83e-04 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 7.83X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 20 °C

Enthalpy of formation at 25 °C: -5.0 kcal/mole (gas); Gibbs (free) energy of formation at 25 °C: -4.50 kcal/mole (gas); entropy at 25 °C: 78.31 cal/deg.mole (gas)|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE is incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and magnesium (NTP, 1992)

III

IRRITANT

2810

3

22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11

45-36/37/39-26-36/37-16-7

PA6360000

Xn,Xi,T,F

The warehouse is low-temperature, ventilated and dry; stored separately from food materials

P260-P280-P301 + P310-P311

H302

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Chloroform is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible fuel; care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene; an acid scrubber is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. /Chloroform/|Potential candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temperature range of 650 to 1600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds; for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature of of 820 to 1600 °C and a residence time of seconds for liquids and gases, hours for solids; and for fluidized bed incineration, with a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and a residence time of seconds for liquids and gases, longer for solids. /Chloroform/|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for bromochloromethane: Concentration process: Stripping. /Bromochloromethane/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Bromoform/Chlorodibromomethane (1990) ATSDR/TP-90/05|DHHS/NTP; Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of Chlorodibromomethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage) Technical Report Series No. 282 (1985) NIH Publication No. 85-2538

This chemical is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Warning|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P264, P270, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P330, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 15 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P281, P301+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P314, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P281, P301+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P314, P330, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store under refrigerated temperatures. Keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS: If this chemical makes direct contact with your gloves, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, replace them at once. Glove Type Model Number Thickness Bkthru Time Viton North F-091 0.41 mm 480 min Butyl rubber North B-164 0.91 mm 190 min PVA Edmont 25-545 0.66 mm 36 min Polyvinyl Edmont 34-100 0.20 mm 2 min chloride (NTP, 1992)|When handling /chloroform/, use safety glasses, self-contained breathing apparatus, protective clothing. Note: PVC and rubber are unsuitable materials for protective clothing. /Chloroform/|Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: Respirator Class(es): Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive pressure-mode. Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. /Chloroform/|Recommendations for respirator selection. Condition: Escape from suddenly occurring respiratory hazards: Respirator Class(es): Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. /Chloroform/

1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. /chloroform/|Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray to reduce vapors. For small spills, take up with absorbent material then flush area with water. For large spills, dike far ahead. /Chloroform/|/SRP: In laboratory setting only:/ Absorb on paper and evaporate on a glass dish in hood. Burn the paper. Purify /liquids/ by distillation, then return to supplier. /Chloroform/|Oxidation processes are responsible for the removal of organic compounds and precursors of trihalomethanes. Substitution reactions are the source of chlorine incorporation into the organic matter. Disinfectants differ in their abilities to carry out oxidation and substitution reactions, but studies show that chloramines also add chlorine to organic materials by substitution. Before a decision is made to change disinfectants, operating parameters and chemical functions must be taken into account to achieve the best quality drinking water.

Skin that becomes wet with liquid chloroform should be promptly washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any chloroform. Employees who handle chloroform should wash their hands thoroughly with soap and mild detergent and water before eating, or smoking. /Chloroform/|Where there is any possibility that employees' eyes may be exposed to chloroform, an eye-wash fountain should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use. /Chloroform/|Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible level. However, there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure. Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. In addition to respirator selection, a complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation. /Chloroform/|Clothing wet with liquid chloroform should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of chloroform from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the chloroform, the person preforming the operation should be informed of chloroform's hazardous properties. /Chloroform/|Non-impervious clothing which becomes wet with liquid chloroform should be removed promptly and not worn until the chloroform is removed ... /Chloroform/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

A chlorodibromomethane concn of 2 ppb was detected in stormwater runoff from Eugene, OR as part of the USEPA Nationwide Urban Runoff Program(1).|An analysis of the USEPA STORET Data Base found that chlorodibromomethane had been positively detected in 6.5% of 1298 effluent observation stations at a median concentration below 2.4 ug/L(1). Chlorodibromomethane was detected in 8 of 63 industrial wastewater discharges in the USA at levels ranging from <10-100 ppb(2). Three municipal wastewater treatment facilities in Cincinnati, OH were found to be discharging levels as high as 25 ppb in 1982(3). Chlorodibromomethane was not detected in a septic tank effluent in a Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada study (detection limit not specified)(4). Effluent water from a paper and pulp mill released into Idefjorden (near Halden, Norway) contained 4 ng/L of chlorodibromomethane annually(5). Chlorodibromomethane concentrations ranged from not detected to 0.7 ug/L at sampling sites in Tres Rios, AZ wet land area that is fed by several treatment plants(6).

Chlorodibromomethane has been qualitatively detected in soil/sediment/water samples collected from the Love Canal near Niagara Falls, NY(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Mean chlorodibromomethane levels of 0.0, 0.48, 14, 14 and 19 parts per trillion have been detected in the ambient air of Magnolia (AR), El Dorado (AR), Chapel Hill (NC), Beaumont (TX), and Lake Charles (LA), respectively(1). An analysis of ambient air of several German cities found chlorodibromomethane concentration generally ranging from not detectable to 0.1 ug/cu m, although one industrial city had a level of 0.9 ug/cu m(2). Monitoring of four CA sites between 1982-3 found mean composite concentrations of 10-50 parts per trillion in ambient air(3). Chlorodibromomethane was qualitatively detected in air samples collected at two unidentified hazardous waste sites in NJ(4).|RURAL/REMOTE: Atmospheric chlorodibromomethane levels ranging from 0.06-10 parts per trillion (median of about 0.4) were found in ambient air samples collected from the north and south Atlantic Ocean, the beaches of the Azore Islands and Bermuda, and southern Germany between 1982-5(1).

Chlorodibromomethane has been identified in various German cosmetic products at maximum levels of 0.2 ug/L(1).|Chlorodibromomethane has been detected in swimming pool water at levels of 6-10 ppb(1), and ranging from 0.2-0.8 ug/L in the swimming pool of the Technical University of Gdansk(2). Chlorodibromomethane was reported in swimming pool water at levels of 87.7-115.6 ug/L in three municipal pools in Europe(3).|A chlorodibromomethane concentration of 2 ppb was detected in stormwater runoff from Eugene, OR as part of the USEPA Nationwide Urban Runoff Program(1).

highly toxic

Acetone potentiates the responses /hepatotoxicity/ to ... chlorodibromomethane. ... Chlordecone (Kepone) ... exhibits remarkable potentiating properties /hepatotoxicity/ with ... chlorodibromomethane ...

LD50 Mice (female) oral 1200 (945-1524) mg/kg; (male) oral 800 (667-960) mg/kg.|LD50 Rat oral 370 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (male) oral 370 mg/kg|LD50 Rat (female) oral 760 mg/kg|LD50 Golden Syrian Hamster oral 145 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ .... Toxicity of the 4 Cl- or Br-containing trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) to developing common carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryos was determined under conditions of intermittent (8 hr) toxicant renewal, based on percentage hatch as the end point. Nominal median lethal concentrations (LC50) ranged from 161 mg/l for chloroform to 53 mg/l for dibromochloromethane. Decay studies conducted under conditions similar to those used for the toxicity studies, but in distilled water, indicated that half-lives of the trihalomethanes ranged from 4.4-6.9 hr decay was due primarily to volatilization, and higher relative toxicity of dibromochloromethane probably was due to formation of a degradation product (likely Br2). Correction of the nominal LC50 values to time-weighted mean concentrations over the period between toxicant changes gave weighted LC50 values of 97.2, 67.4, 33.5 and 52.3 mg/l for chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform, respectively. The period of water-hardening of fertilized eggs was not critical for expression of toxicity of dibromochloromethane.

... There was no evidence of carcinogenicity in male or female F344/N rats receiving chlorodibromomethane at doses of 40 or 80 mg/kg 5 times per wk for 104 wk. Fatty metamorphosis and ground-glass cytoplasmic changes of the liver in male and female F344/N rats were related to admin of chlorodibromomethane. There was equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity for male B6C3F1 mice; chlorodibromomethane caused an incr incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas, whereas the combined incidence of hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas was only marginally incr. Some evidence of carcinogenicity was observed for female B6C3F1 mice, since chlorodibromomethane caused an incr incidence of hepatocellular adenomas and an incr combined incidence of hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas.|The potential toxicity of chlorodibromomethane ... (CDBM) was evaluated using a short-term reproductive and developmental toxicity screen. This study design was selected to identify the process (development; female reproduction; male reproduction; various somatic organs/processes) that is the most sensitive to chlorodibromomethane exposure. A dose-range finding study was conducted at concns of 0, 5, 50, 150, and 450 ppm in drinking water in order to select concns for the 35-day study. Based on dose-related body weight gain reductions and decreased water consumption, the concns for the 35-day study were selected to be 0, 50, 150, and 450 ppm. One group of male rats (10/group) and two groups of female rats, designated as Group A (peri-conception, 10/group) and Group B (gestational exposure, 13/group), were used at each dose level. Control animals received deionized water, the vehicle. During the treatment period, all animals survived to the scheduled necropsy and there were no clinical signs of general toxicity noted at any dose level. The male and female mean absolute body weights, feed consumption, clinical observations, and gross findings were comparable across dose groups. Water consumption was decreased by 13-44% at most of the intervals in all treated groups. The overall avg calculated consumption of CDBM for Groups 2-4 was 5.7, 16.3, and 40.3 mg/kg/day, respectively. The male organ weights and organ-to-body weight ratios were also comparable across dose groups. There were no treatment-related reproductive findings in the males or females. There were biologically significant changes noted in male clinical chemistry endpoints: all treated males showed increases (although not always significant) in alkaline phosphatase (22-41%) and 5 nucleotidase (11-24%) and a decr in total serum protein (5%) which may indicate mild liver damage. Results of this study indicate that CDBM treatment did produce possible mild liver dysfunction in the 50, 150, and 450 ppm dose levels in males. A max tolerated dose (MTD) in both males and females was achieved at 450 ppm based on a >40% reduction in water consumption at that concn of CDBM. Male and female reproductive function was not adversely affected in this study. From these data, CDBM may be a general toxicant at 50, 150, or 450 ppm in male rats and 450 ppm in female rats, but is not a reproductive toxicant in males or females at dose levels up to 450 ppm.

Chlorodibromomethane is produced naturally by various marine macroalgae and is present naturally in seawater where it also may volatilize to the atmosphere(1,2).

Chlorodibromomethane's inadvertent formation during chlorination treatment processes of drinking, waste, and cooling waters(1,2) may result in its wide spread presence in potable drinking waters(SRC). Chlorodibromomethane may be released to the environment from its use as a chemical intermediate(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 84(2), indicates that chlorodibromomethane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of chlorodibromomethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 7.83X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(3). Chlorodibromomethane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 5.5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Chlorodibromomethane is resistant to aerobic biodegradation(5), but degrades anaerobically within 2(6) to 8 weeks(7).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 84(2), indicates that chlorodibromomethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 7.83X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.6 hrs and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 9(SRC), from its log Kow of 2.16(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Volatilization of chlorodibromomethane is the dominant removal mechanism from environmental surface waters(SRC). The volatilization half-life from rivers and streams has been estimated to range from 43 min to 16.6 days with a typical half-life being 46 hours(8). Chlorodibromomethane is resistant to aerobic biodegradation(9), but degrades anaerobically within 2(10) to 8 weeks(11).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), chlorodibromomethane, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 5.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase chlorodibromomethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 280 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). Direct photolysis does not occur below the ozone layer(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of chlorodibromomethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.8X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 280 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 3.1X10-4 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 700 and 70 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Direct photolysis or aquatic oxidation (via peroxy radicals or singlet oxygen) are not environmentally relevant processes with respect to chlorodibromomethane(3).

An estimated BCF of 9 was calculated for chlorodibromomethane(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.16(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

83.18 L/kg|The Koc of chlorodibromomethane is 84(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that chlorodibromomethane is expected to have high mobility in soil. Bromodichloromethane, which is similar in structure to chlorodibromomethane, has been observed to have moderate mobility in laboratory soil column experiments utilizing a sandy soil(3). Relatively high soil mobility was noted for chlorodibromomethane during a water infiltration study conducted in the Netherlands along the Rhine River(4). A soil retardation factor of 6 (indicating significant mobility) was estimated during a groundwater recharge project(5).

The Henry's Law constant for chlorodibromomethane is 7.83X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that chlorodibromomethane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 2.6 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 6 days(SRC). Chlorodibromomethane's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of chlorodibromomethane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 5.5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3). Volatilization (half-life of about one hour) was observed from laboratory tanks(4). In another soil column study, 15.3-20.4% was volatilized at 12-21 °C after 168 hr which was considered to be 10-100 times slower than volatilization from water(5). Chlorodibromomethane volatilization constants were estimated in chilled (4 °C) and boiled (100 °C) water to be 0.080/hour and 1.41/hour, respectively(6). Estimated volatilization constants in room-temperature experiments at 25 and 30 °C ranged from 0.047/hour to 0.392/hour depending on the width and liquid level in the glass(6).

DRINKING WATER: As part of the USEPA Groundwater Supply Survey, chlorodibromomethane was positively detected in 405 of 945 USA finished water supplies that use groundwater sources at a median level of about 3.3 ppb(1). Median levels of 7.5-17 ppb were detected in the water supplies of over 40% of the 113 USA cities monitored during the three phases (1976-7) of USEPA National Organic Monitoring Survey(2). A Canadian national survey of 70 drinking water supplies found chlorodibromomethane levels of 0-33 ppb with an overall median level of 1.4 ppb(2). In a survey of drinking waters from 12 areas of the world (China, Taiwan, north and south Philippines, Egypt, Indonesia, Australia, England, Brazil, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Peru), chlorodibromomethane was found in 7 of the 12 waters at levels ranging from 1.1-13 ppb(3). Positive detections were made in 30 of 40 Michigan drinking water supplies at a median concn of 2.2 ppb(4). Drinking water samples collected from Los Angeles and Contra Coast, CA in 1984 contained mean concns of 8-28 ug/L(5). In New England, tap water was found to have a chlorodibromomethane concn ranging from <0.01 to 3 ppb in 1974(6). Muscat, Oman was found to have concns ranging 1.42-2.79, 1.36-2.15, 1.23-1.92, and 1.28-1.85 ug/L in the Main, Al Qurum, Wattayah, and Muscat reservoirs, respectively(7). Chlorodibromomethane was found to be 8.3-35.1 percent of the total trihalomethane concns in the drinking water network for Athens, Mytilene and Chalkida, Greece(8). Chlorodibromomethane was reported to range from 4.5 to 20.0 ug/L in ten sample sites of drinking water in Europe(9). Chlorodibromomethane was found at 0.218-2.09 ug/L in drinking water in Beijing City(10).|GROUNDWATER: Chlorodibromomethane was one of 27 organic compounds identified in groundwater collected from 315 wells in the area of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system adjacent to the Delaware River(1). Levels of 0.3 ppb have been detected in groundwater from the Netherlands(2). Muscat, Oman was found to have concentrations ranging 11.7-16.2, 10.4-16.2, 13.9-16.2, and 22.0-23.0 ug/L in the wells 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively(3). Chlorodibromomethane was detected in Delaware and New York groundwater samples at a concentration range of 20-55 ug/L(4). Of 49,776 samples analyzed, chlorodibromomethane has reportedly exceeded the minimum risk level (MRL) 13.26% of the time and exceeded half the maximum contaminant level (MCL) 0.14% of the time across the United States(5).|SURFACE WATER: An analysis of the USEPA STORET Data Base found that chlorodibromomethane had been positively detected in 8.0% of 8515 water observation stations at a median concn below 0.1 ug/L(1). Chlorodibromomethane was detected in 9.8% of 4972 samples collected from 11 stations on the Ohio River during 1980-1 with most concn between 0.1-1.0 ppb(2). Concns ranging from a trace to 15 ng/L and not detected to 630 ng/L were reported for 16 stations on the Niagara River and 95 stations on Lake Ontario, respectively, for 1981 monitoring(3). Chlorodibromomethane minimum, maximum, and median concns in the river Elbe in 1992/1993 at Zollenspieker and Seemannshoft were found to be 2.6-17 ng/L, median 4 ng/L and 2-12.1 ng/L, median 2.3 ng/L, respectively(4). Of 10,639 samples analyzed, chlorodibromomethane has reportedly exceeded the minimum risk level (MRL) 64.55% of the time and exceeded half the maximum contaminant level (MCL) 2.65% of the time across the United States(5).|SEAWATER: Chlorodibromomethane concentrations of 0.1-2.2 ng/L have been detected in the North Atlantic while a concentration of 0.12 ng/L was detected in the South Atlantic during 1985 monitoring(1). Qualitative detection has been reported for the Narragansett Bay off RI in 1979-80(2).|RAIN/SNOW: Chlorodibromomethane was detected at a concentration of 0.4 ng/L in rain collected in southern Germany in 1985(1).

An analysis of 12 samples of various German milk products (ice cream, yogurt, curds, buttermilk) found chlorodibromomethane levels ranging from not detectable to 0.3 ug/kg with an overall mean concentration of 0.1 ug/kg(1). Chlorodibromomethane concentrations in food samples ranged from not detected to 0.6 ppb for 24 hour duplicate portion diet in Japanese housewives(2).

An analysis of 12 samples of various German milk products (ice cream, yogurt, curds, buttermilk) found chlorodibromomethane levels ranging from not detectable to 0.3 ug/kg with an overall mean concentration of 0.1 ug/kg(1).

The general population may be exposed to chlorodibromomethane via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of this drinking water disinfection by-product, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing chlorodibromomethane. (SRC)|Chlorodibromomethane was found in blood of women in Cobb County, Georgia at levels of 0.001-0.003 ug/L before showering and 0.003-0.029 ug/L after showering. Chlorodibromomethane was also found in blood of women from Corpus Christi, Texas at before shower levels of 0.002-0.031 ug/L and after shower levels from 0.011->0.093 ug/L(1). Chlorodibromomethane was found in alveolar air of swimmers at rates of 0.8 ug/cm before swimming to 1.4 ug/cm after swimming. Uptake rates were calculated in the range of 1.5-2.0 ug/hour before swimming and 14-22 ug/hour after swimming based on research of five swimmers(2).

Chlorodibromomethane was identified in one of 12 human milk samples collected from volunteers from four USA cities (Bridgeville, PA; Bayonne, NJ; Jersey City, NJ; and Baton Rouge, LA) (1). Chlorodibromomethane was not detected in any sample from the USEPA National Human Adipose Tissue Survey for fiscal year 1982(2). 12% of 1035 blood samples tested positive for chlorodibromomethane exposure in a non-occupationally exposed U.S. population(3).

The blood/gas partition coefficient (at 37 °C) of chlorodibromomethane in rats was 116, which predicts that it will be readily absorbed by inhalation.|A study was performed to determine the absorption, distribution and excretion characteristics of dibromochloromethane in mice and rats. The total radioactivity for sampled organs ranged from 3 to 6% of the total dose in the rats versus 5 to 14% for the mice. The stomach (without contents), nonperfused liver, and kidneys in both rodent species were the organs of highest residual radioactivity levels. In both species the urine contained less than 5% of total radiolabel at 8 hr post-intubation and less than 10% of the total radiolabel at 36 to 48 hr. The majority of dibromochloromethane in both rats and mice was eliminated through the lungs in the expired air within 8 hr. Dibromochloromethane exhibits limited metabolic activation, which was shown by recovery of a higher percentage of the dose as parent compound.

Trihalomethanes were metabolized to carbon monoxide by rat liver microsomal fraction requiring both NADPH and molecular oxygen for max activity. /Trihalomethanes/|Haloforms are metabolized to carbon monoxide by hepatic mixed function oxidases and this reaction is markedly stimulated by sulfhydryl compounds. Max stimulation occurred at 0.5 mmolar glutathione. A mechanism for conversion of haloforms to carbon monoxide is proposed. /Haloforms/|Administration of haloforms (trihalomethanes) to rats led to substantial elevations in blood carbon monoxide levels. Na-phenobarbital treatment increased blood carbon monoxide levels. SKF 525-A significantly inhibited in vivo metabolism. The in vivo metabolism followed the halide order; thus, administered of triiodomethane yielded the highest blood carbon monoxide levels, whereas trichloromethane yielded the lowest levels. /Haloforms/|(14)C-Chlorodibromomethane at 0.48 mmol/kg (16 uCi/kg; 100 mg/kg bw) administered orally in corn oil to rats by gavage was absorbed and eliminated in the expired air as bromodichloromethane (48% of dose) or as (14)C-carbon dioxide (18% of dose) in 8 hr; radiolabel amounting to about 1% of the dose was eliminated in the urine, and about 1% of the dose was retained in body tissues. (14)C-Chlorodibromomethane (0.72 mmol/kg; (32)Ci/kg; 150 mg/kg bw) administered similarly to mice was absorbed and eliminated in the expired air as unchanged chlorodibromomethane (12% of dose) or as (14)C-carbon dioxide (72% of dose) in 8 hr; about 2% of the administered radiolabel was eliminated in the urine, and 5% was retained in body tissues. Chlorodibromomethane is metabolized to carbon monoxide in vivo and in vitro.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. It may also cause fatigue. Other symptoms may include central nervous system effects, lung and cornea irritation and liver and kidney damage. Prolonged exposure can cause nausea, dizziness, headache and narcosis. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is harmful if ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. It is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. It may also be irritating to the lung and cornea. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen bromide gas and hydrogen chloride gas. It may also emit toxic fumes of chloride ion and bromide ion. It also decomposes to phosgene analogs. It may cause narcosis. (NTP, 1992)|Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the unconscious patient. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of cardiac irritability and fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Both di- and tri-halogenated methane derivatives have been found to produce increased blood levels of methemoglobin; the greatest increase caused by iodo-, followed by bromo- and chloro- compounds. CNS functional disturbances are reported, including depression of rapid eyemovement sleep, as seen in carbon monoxide exposures. /Di- and tri-halogenated methane derivatives/

chlorodibromomethane

98% grade; 99% purity grade

Methane, dibromochloro-: ACTIVE|Trihalomethane contaminant found in chlorinated water.

DETERMINATION OF CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE IN WATER BY GLASS CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION.|SEVERAL METHODS WERE PUBLISHED FOR ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE ORGANOHALIDES IN WATER BY LIQ-LIQ EXTRACTION. THESE METHODS ARE COMPARED TO ONE ANOTHER & TO THE PURGE-&-TRAP METHOD WITH REGARD TO QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE ACCURACY. /ORGANOHALIDES/|AN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE HELIUM MICROWAVE EMISSION DETECTION SYSTEM FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WAS EVALUATED FOR ANALYSIS OF TRIHALOMETHANES IN DRINKING WATER. THE DETECTION LIMITS FOR THE TRIHALOMETHANES AND OTHER PURGABLE ORGANOHALIDES ARE BELOW 1 PPB. /TRIHALOMETHANES/|Determination of halocarbons in drinking water by gas chromatography mass spectrometry using negative ion chemical ionization. /Halocarbons/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE WAS DETERMINED IN HUMAN TISSUES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (OV-101 CAPILLARY WITH TEMP PROGRAMMING AND ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION). MEAN RECOVERIES WERE 87%, AND LIMITS OF DETECTION WERE IN THE NG/KG RANGE.|GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY-COMPUTER ANALYSIS WAS USED TO DETERMINE LEVELS OF VOLATILE HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS INCL BROMODICHLOROMETHANE IN BREATH, BLOOD & URINE OF THE POPULATION OF OLD LOVE CANAL AREA, NIAGARA, NY.|A method is presented for the analysis of bromodichloromethane, and chlorodibromomethane. Blood samples are warmed and an inert gas is passed through the sample to extract the volatile halocarbons. Tissue samples are macerated in water, then treated the same as for blood samples. A Tenax gas chromatography cartridge is used to trap the vapors which are then recovered by thermal desorption and analyzed on gas chromatography /mass spectrometry. Caution should be exercised in handling the volatile components due to their suspected and proven carcinogenicity. The limits of detection of this method are approximately 3 nanograms/milliliter for a 10 milliliter blood sample and 6 nanograms/gram for 5 gram tissue samples.|Breath samples are collected on Tenax gas chromatography cartridges, dried over calcium sulfate and analyzed using thermal desorption of volatiles into a gas chromatography /mass spectrometer. Halocarbons for which the method is suitable include bromodichloromethane, and chlorodibromomethane.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens