1-Nonanol

144.25

144.25

969213

205-583-7

NGK73Q6XMC

5521

3082

DTXSID6022008|DTXSID4027943

Colorless to yellowish liquid

2905 19 00

20.2

4.3

Clear colorless Liquid

0.8279 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-5 °C

213.37 °C

208 °F

n 20/D 1.433(lit.)

H2O: 1 g/L (20 ºC)

Store below +30°C.

13 mm Hg ( 104 °C)

5 (vs air)

Oral-Mouse LD50: 1790 mg/kg

Combustible in case of open flame, high temperature and strong oxidant; burning emits irritating smoke

0.80-6.10%(V)

Floral odor

Henry's Law constant = 3.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.4X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Alcohols and Polyols

NONANOL is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

5943.4 kJ/mol at 298.15 deg K (liquid)

76.86 kJ/mol at 25 °C

Critical temperature = 671.5 K; Critial pressure = 2.63 MPa

III

9

UN 3082 9/PG 3

2

20-51/53-36

23-24/25-61-29-39-26-25

RB1575000

Xn,N,Xi

Warehouse ventilated, low temperature and dry

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P273-P305 + P351 + P338

H319-H412

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Nonyl alcohol is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and 2) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state. (ERG, 2016)

|Warning|H315 (14.34%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1863 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P314, P337+P313, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used: Water may be ineffective Fire Extinguishing Agents: Alcohol foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide (USCG, 1999)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Goggles or face shield; rubber gloves. (USCG, 1999)

AEROBIC: Nonyl alcohol degraded fast in aerobic biodegradation screening tests(1-3). In one 5-day BOD test using acclimated mixed cultures, 47.9% of theoretical BOD was consumed(1). In the other test which used an activated sludge inoculum, nonyl alcohol's half-life was 1.2 days(SRC), calculated from a biodegradation rate of 2.36X10-2/hr(3). In a third test, 62% of its theoretical BOD in a grab sample of freshwater incubated at 18-19 °C was expended in 4 days(2).

Based on the eye irritation scores that were reported, 1-nonanol would be considered an eye irritant using the EU criteria.

moderately toxic

... Maximum permeation of MT was observed when fatty alcohol carbon chain length was 10. As the level of unsaturation increased from one to two double bonds, there was an increase in the permeation of MT both in porcine and human skin. However, a decrease in the permeation was observed with three double bonds. Regression analysis using the steady state flux data showed a significant positive correlation between porcine and human skin for saturated fatty alcohols (r(2)=0.8868, P=0.0005).

LC50 Mouse inhalation 5500 mg/cu m/2 hr|LD50 Rat oral 3.56 g/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal 5.66 ml/kg for 24 hr|LD50 Mouse ip 0.8 g/kg /Nonyl alcohols/|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for 1-NONANOL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /In flow through acute toxicity testing using Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) exposed to concentrations of 0, 0.56, 1.0, 2.3, 4.7, and 8.2 mg/L 1-nonanol for 96 hr,/ affected fish first became sluggish in movement and stopped schooling. Some fish swam at water surface and equilibrium was lost prior to death.|/OTHER TERRESTRIAL SPECIES/ ... All the tested alcohols showed knockdown effect at 10 min and mortality 18 h after treatment. The highest activity was found for the 1-dodecanol (KC50 2.55%, LC50 2.28%) and the lowest for 1-octanol (KC50 8%, LC50 4.46%). Toxicity to head lice systematically increased with increase in carbon atoms in the n-aliphatic alcohol moiety, and with the octanol:water coefficient (r2 = 0.94). The pediculicidal activity of 1-dodecanol was not correlated with resistance to permethrin.

1-Nonanol is a plant volatile(1) occurring, for example in oil of orange(2), kiwi fruit flowers(3), nectarines(4) and earth almonds (Cyperus esculentus L.)(5).

1-Nonanol may be released to the environment during its manufacture, transport, disposal, and use in perfumery and as a flavoring ingredient (lemon flavoring)(1).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 290(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 140 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-nonanol is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-nonanol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.27X10-2 mm Hg(4) and water solubility(2). 1-Nonanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). 1-Nonanol has been demonstrated to be readily biodegradable in aerobic screening tests(5-7) and therefore may readily biodegrade in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 290(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 140 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-nonanol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.27X10-2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.6 days and 15 days, respectively(SRC). 1-Nonanol has been demonstrated to be readily biodegradable in aerobic screening tests(5-7) and therefore may biodegrade in natural water(SRC). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 160(SRC), from a log Kow of 3.77(9) and a regression-derived equation(10), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-nonanol, which has a vapor pressure of 2.27X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-nonanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 28 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-nonanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 28 hr at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Nonanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2).

An estimated BCF of 160 was calculated for 1-nonanol(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.77(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

77.62 L/kg|An estimated BCF of 160 was calculated for 1-nonanol(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.77(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-nonanol estimated as 3.08X10-5 atm-cu m/mol(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.27X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(1), and water solubility, 140 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-nonanol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.6 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 15 days(SRC). 1-Nonanol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1-Nonanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

DRINKING WATER: 1-Nonanol, isomer non specified, was identified in drinking water(1). It was identified (maximum concn 100 ng/L) in finished drinking water in The Netherlands that was from bank-filtered Rhine River water(2).|SNOW: Eight surface snow samples taken during 1987/88, 1988/89, and 1990/91 antartic expeditions were analyzed for pollutants using capillary column GC and GC/MS(1). 1-Nonanol was found in one sample of surface snow from 1990/91 at 27 ng/L (standard deviation 5 ng/L), but was below the detection limit in the other samples(1). The positive sample was taken from the area closest to the Italian base camp and the coast(1).

1-Nonanol has been identified in a variety of foods including nectarines(1), oil of orange(7), cassava(2), duck(3), peanut oil(4), earth almonds (Cyperus esculentus L.)(5), and a French mountain cheese(6). Unspecified nonyl alcohol isomers have been identified in pork and beef(7,8).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 1557 workers (276 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-nonanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-nonanol may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-nonanol is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1-nonanol via ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other consumer products in which 1-nonanol is used as a fragrance(SRC).

Skin absorption is low; the dermal flux of 1-nonanol in human skin (epidermis) in vitro is 0.003 mg/sq cm/hr.

Nonanol, like other primary alcohols, undergoes two general reactions in vivo. The first is oxidation to the carboxylic acid derivative and next the direct conjugation with glucuronic acid. It was reported that nonanol undergoes direct glucuronic conjugation to the extent of 4.1%. This oxidation proceeds with very little inhibition as opposed to that shown by methyl amyl alcohol and 2-ethyl butyl alcohol which form ester glucuronides.

... Intermediate-chain alcohols (pentanol to octanol) caused channel currents to fluctuate between the fully open and closed state level so that openings occurred in bursts interrupted by brief gaps ... The number of gaps within a burst was dependent on alcohol concentration whereas gap duration was independent of concentration but increased with increasing chain length of the alcohol up to octanol. Nonanol and decanol reduced the mean duration of bursts of openings but did not cause an increase in the number of short closed intervals within a burst. Beyond decanol there was a decline in the ability of the n-alcohols to affect channel function. A saturated solution of undecanol (0.07 mM) reduced the mean open time by 33 + or - 17%, whereas a saturated solution of dodecanol had no significant effect. The current integral per burst was reduced by all the n-alcohols between pentanol and undecanol. The IC50s were as follows: hexanol, 0.53 + or - 0.14 mM; heptanol, 0.097 + or - 0.02 mM; octanol, 0.04 mM and nonanol, 0.16 + or - 0.035 mM ... Blocking rate constants (k+B) for pentanol through to nonanol were calculated to be between 2.8 and 5.7 X 10(6) /M/sec ... Equilibrium dissociation constants (KD), calculated from the blocking and unblocking rate constants (KD = k-B/k+B), decreased with increasing chain length from 8 mM for pentanol to 0.15 mM for octanol. The standard free energy per methylene group for adsorption to the site of action was calculated to be about -3.3 kJ/mol.

Liquid irritates eyes. (USCG, 1999)

Flush eyes and skin with water for at least 15 min. (USCG, 1999)

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/|Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ 1-Nonanol (2% in petrolatum) was reportedly neither a skin irritant nor a skin sensitizer to humans. /1-Nonanol, 2% in petrolatum/

1-nonanol

Construction|1-Nonanol: ACTIVE|All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Nonanol: ACTIVE|Commercial products from the family of 6 to 11 carbon alcohols that make up the plasticizer range are available both as ... pure single carbon chain materials and as complex isomeric mixtures. Commercial descriptions of plasticizer range alcohols are ... in general a ... pure material is called "-anol" /eg, 1-nonanol/, and the mixtures are called "-yl alcohol /eg, nonyl alcohol/ or "iso...yl alcohol" /eg, isononyl alcohol/.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Fragrances|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green half-circle - The chemical is expected to be of low concern|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty alcohols [FA05]

Flavoring Agents