Nitrogen mustard

192.51

191.003525

200-246-0

L0MR697HHI

762

2811

DTXSID8025757

C627

Hygroscopic leaflets from acetone or chloroform|White hygroscopic crystals|White, crystalline, hygroscopic powder

2921199090

3.24000

2.19780

Nitrogen mustard hydrochloride appears as white to off-white crystals or powder with a fishy odor. Initial pH (2% aqueous solution) 3.0-4.0. (NTP, 1992)

1.106g/cm3

109-111 °C

110.3ºC at 760 mmHg

20.5ºC

1.4689 (24ºC)

H2O: very soluble

−20°C

Oral-rat LD50: 10 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50:20 mg/kg

Combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxides and chloride fumes; drug side effects: nausea, vomiting, decreased white blood cells and platelets

Initial pH of 2% aqueous solution: 3.0-4.0

pKa = 6.43 at 25 °C (conjugate acid)

Dry crystals are stable at temperatures up to 40 deg|Unstable in aqueous solution|Solutions of mechlorethamine hydrochloride decompose on standing; ... .

Hygroscopic. Water soluble.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Dry crystals are stable at temperatures up to 104° F. This chemical is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. (NTP, 1992).

II

6.1(a)

UN 2811 6.1/PG 2

3

45-46-28-34-42/43-27/28-61

53-36/37/39-45

IA2100000

T+

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from food materials

Stable. Hygroscopic.

P201-P264-P280-P301 + P310-P302 + P350-P305 + P351 + P338

H300 + H310-H314-H340-H350-H360D

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ All contaminated disposables should be contained in sealable bags for transfer to larger waste containers. /Antineoplastic agents/|/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ All bottles must be discarded as contaminated waste after decontamination of the biohazard cabinet. All protective apparel (gown, gloves, goggles, and respirator) should be discarded as contaminated waste. /Antineoplastic agents/|/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ The contaminated filters must be removed, bagged in thick plastic and prepared for disposal in a hazardous waste dump site or incinerator licensed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). /Antineoplastic agents/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Incompatible with methohexital sodium.

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl mechlorethamine hydrochloride, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Nitrogen Mustard Hydrochloride (55-86-7) is listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.[http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s123nitr.pdf]

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H300+H310 (97.44%): Fatal if swallowed or in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal]|P201, P202, P260, P262, P264, P270, P280, P281, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P350, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 39 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used. (NTP, 1992)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and protect it from moisture. Keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves. RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). Splash proof safety goggles should be worn while handling this chemical. Alternatively, a full face respirator, equipped as above, may be used to provide simultaneous eye and respiratory protection. (NTP, 1992)|/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ Protective apparel: Disposable closed-front gown or coveralls, disposable utility gloves over disposable latex gloves, NIOSH-approved air-purifying half-mask respirator equipped with a high efficiency filter, and eye protection should be worn. /Antineoplastic agents/|/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ Class 100 clean-air work stations, both horizontal and vertical airflow (with no containment characteristics), are inappropriate engineering controls for handling hazardous drugs because they provide no personnel protection and permit environmental contamination. Although there are no engineering controls designed specifically for the safe handling of hazardous chemicals as sterile products, Class II contained vertical-flow biological safety cabinets (biohazard cabinets) have been adopted for this use. Biohazard cabinetry is, however, designed for the handling of infectious agents, not hazardous chemicals. ... Based on design, ease of use, and cost considerations, Class II contained-vertical-flow biohazard cabinetry is currently recommended for use in preparing sterile doses of hazardous drugs. Class II cabinetry design and performance specifications are defined in NSF Standard 49. Biological safety cabinets selected for use with hazardous drugs should meet NSF Standard 49 specifications to ensure the maximum protection from these engineering controls. /Antineoplastic agents/|/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ Workers should wear powder free, disposable surgical latex gloves of good quality when preparing hazardous drugs. Selection criteria for gloves should include thickness (especially at the fingertips where stress is the greatest), fit, length, and tactile sensation. ... The practice of double gloving is supported by research that indicates that many glove materials vary in drug permeability even within lots; therefore, double gloving is recommended. ... In general, surgical latex gloves fit better, have appropriate elasticity for double gloving and maintaining the integrity of the glove-gown interface, and have sufficient tactile sensation (even during double gloving) for stringent aseptic procedures. ... Powdered gloves should be avoided. /Antineoplastic agents/|/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ Workers who are not protected by the containment environment of a biohazard cabinet should use respiratory protection when handling hazardous drugs. Respiratory protection should be an adjunct to and not a substitute for engineering controls. Surgical masks of all types provide no respiratory protection against powdered or liquid aerosols of hazardous drugs. In situations where workers may be exposed to potential eye contact with hazardous drugs, an appropriate plastic face shield or splash goggles should be worn. /Antineoplastic agents/|/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ During compounding of hazardous drugs (eg, crushing, dissolving, and preparing an ointment), workers should wear low permeability gowns and double gloves. Compounding should take place in a protective area such as a disposable glove box. If compounding must be done in the open, an area away from drafts and traffic must be selected, and the worker should use appropriate respiratory protection. /Antineoplastic agents/

/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ Spill kits containing all materials needed to clean up spills of hazardous drugs should be assembled or purchased. These kits should be readily available in all areas where hazardous drugs are routinely handled. If hazardous drugs are being prepared or administered in a nonroutine area (home setting or unusual patient-care area), a spill kit should be obtained by the drug handler. The kit should include two pairs of disposable gloves (one outer pair of utility gloves and one inner latex pair); low-permeability, disposable protective garments (coveralls or gown and shoe covers); safety glasses or splash goggles; respirator; absorbent, plastic-backed sheets or spill pads; disposable toweling; at least 2 sealable thick plastic hazardous waste disposal bags (prelabeled with an appropriate warning label); a disposable scoop for collecting glass fragments; and a puncture-resistant container for glass fragments. All individuals who routinely handle hazardous drugs must be trained in proper spill management and cleanup procedures. Spills and breakages must be cleaned up immediately according to the following procedures. If the spill is not located in a confined space, the spill area should be identified and other people should be prevented from approaching and spreading the contamination. Wearing protective apparel from the spill kit, workers should remove any broken glass fragments and place them in the puncture-resistant container. Liquids should be absorbed with a spill pad; powder should be removed with damp disposable gauze pads or soft toweling. The hazardous material should be completely removed and the area rinsed with water and then cleaned with detergent. The spill cleanup should proceed progressively from areas of lesser to greater contamination. The detergent should be thoroughly rinsed and removed. All contaminated materials should be placed in the disposal bags provided and sealed and transported to a designated containment receptacle. Spills occurring in the biohazard cabinet should be cleaned up immediately; a spill kit should be used if the volume exceeds 150 ml or the contents of one drug vial or ampule. If there is broken glass, utility gloves should be worn to remove it and place it in the puncture-resistant container located in the biohazard cabinet. The biological safety cabinet, including the drain spillage trough, should be thoroughly cleaned. If the spill is not easily and thoroughly contained, the biological safety cabinet should be decontaminated after cleanup. If the spill contaminates the high efficiency particulate air filter, use of the biological safety cabinet should be suspended until the cabinet has been decontaminated and the high efficiency particulate air filter replaced. /Antineoplastic agents/|/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ If hazardous drugs are routinely prepared or administered in carpeted areas, special equipment is necessary to remove the spill. Absorbent powder should be substituted for pads or sheets and left in place on the spill for the time recommended by the manufacturer. The powder should then be picked up with a small vacuum unit reserved for hazardous drug cleanup. The carpet should then be cleaned according to usual procedures. The vacuum bag should be removed and discarded or cleaned, and the exterior of the vacuum cleaner should be washed with detergent and rinsed before being covered and stored. The contaminated powder should be discarded into a sealable plastic bag and segregated with other contaminated waste materials. Alternatively, inexpensive wet or dry vacuum units may be purchased for this express use and used with appropriate cleaners. All such units are contaminated, once used, and must be cleaned, stored, and ultimately discarded /properly/ ... The circumstances and handling of spills should be documented. Health-care personnel exposed during spill management should also complete an incident report or exposure form. /Antineoplastic agents/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Contact with skin: Wash immediately with large amounts of water. Can be neutralized with sodium thiosulphate or sodium bicarbonate.|/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ Accidental contamination of the health-care environment, resulting in exposure of personnel, patients, visitors, and family members to hazardous substances, is prevented by maintaining the physical integrity and security of packages of hazardous drugs. 1. Access to all areas where hazardous drugs are stored is limited to specified authorized staff. 2. A method should be present for identifying to personnel those drugs that require special precautions (eg, cytotoxics). One way to accomplish this is to apply appropriate warning labels to all hazardous drug containers, shelves, and bins where the drug products are stored. ... 3. A method of identifying, for patients and family members, those drugs that require special precautions in the home should be in place. This may be accomplished in the health-care setting, by providing specific labeling for discharge medications, along with written instructions. 4. Methods for identifying shipping cartons of hazardous drugs should be required from manufacturers and distributors of these drugs. 5. Written procedures for handling damaged packages of hazardous drugs should be maintained. Personnel involved in shipping and receiving hazardous drugs should be trained in these procedures, including the proper use of protective garments and equipment. Damaged shipping cartons of hazardous drugs should be received and opened in an isolated area (eg, in a laboratory fume hood, if available, not in a vertical laminar airflow biological safety cabinet used for preparing sterile products). /Antineoplastic agents/|/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ Facilities (eg, shelves, carts, counters, and trays) for storing hazardous drugs are designed to prevent breakage and to limit contamination in the event of leakage. Bins, shelves with barriers at the front, or other design features that reduce the chance of drug containers falling to the floor should be used. Hazardous drugs requiring refrigeration should be stored separately from nonhazardous drugs in individual bins designed to prevent breakage and to contain leakage. /Antineoplastic agents/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ Methods for transporting hazardous drugs to the health-care setting should be consistent with environmental protection and national or local regulations for transporting hazardous substances. When hazardous drugs are being transported to the home-care setting, appropriate containers (eg, lined cardboard boxes) and procedures should be used to prevent breakage and contain leakage. ... The drugs must be securely capped or sealed and properly packaged and protected during transport to reduce further the chance of breakage and spillage in a public area such as a corridor or elevator. /Antineoplastic agents/

Direct contact may cause severe skin and eye irritation; injury to deeper ocular structures, particularly the iris and lens.

most toxic

Morphine and pethidine hydrochloride significantly potentiated mechlorethamine hydrochloride toxicity. The potentiation seems dose related. Morphine converted sublethal doses of mechlorethamine to maximal LD's.|In HT29 human colon carcinoma cells, amphotericin b (approx 120 ug/ml) increased uptake of mechlorethamine hydrochloride due to increases in vmax without change in km.|Mechlorethamine may raise the concentration of blood uric acid; dosage adjustment of antigout agents may be necessary to control hyperuricemia and gout; allopurinol may be preferred to prevent or reverse mechlorethamine-induced hyperuricemia because of risk of uric acid nephropathy with uricosuric antigout agents.|Leukopenic and/or thrombocytopenic effects of mechlorethamine may be increased with concurrent or recent therapy /with blood dyscrasia-causing medications/ if these medications cause the same effects; dosage adjustment of mechlorethamine, if necessary, should be based on blood counts.|For more Interactions (Complete) data for MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Rat iv 1.1 mg/kg|LD50 Rat sc 1.9 mg/kg

/PRECAUTIONS FOR ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS:/ The danger to health-care personnel from handling a hazardous drug stems from a combination of its inherent toxicity and the extent to which workers are exposed to the drug in the course of carrying out their duties. This exposure may be through inadvertent ingestion of the drug on foodstuffs (eg, workers' lunches), inhalation of drug dusts or droplets or direct skin contact. /Antineoplastic agents/

Drug: Stanfordv

Alkylating Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating;|Antineoplastic|VET: Antineoplastic|MEDICATION (VET): ... MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IS REPORTED TO BE USED FOR TREATMENT OF LYMPHOSARCOMA & OF MAST CELL SARCOMA IN DOGS & OF FOWL LEUKOSIS ... /MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE/|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Adverse CNS effects which have occurred following IV administration of mechlorethamine include weakness, headache, drowsiness, vertigo, lightheadedness, convulsions, progressive muscle paralysis, paresthesia, cerebral degeneration, coma, and death. Serious neurotoxicity appears to be a problem only when high doses or intra-arterial and regional perfusion administration techniques are used. Immediate and delayed neurotoxicity, sometimes severe, has been reported in patients receiving higher than recommended doses of the drug in preparation for bone marrow transplantation; neurotoxicity appeared to increase with age and dose administered and occurred more frequently in patients who also received procarbazine or cyclophosphamide.|Adverse dermatologic effects of systemic mechlorethamine therapy occasionally include a maculopapular skin eruption which is apparently idiosyncratic. The maculopapular skin eruption does not necessarily recur with subsequent doses and is not a contraindication to future use of the drug. Erythema multiforme also has been reported. Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, have been reported in patients receiving IV mechlorethamine. ... Herpes zoster, which occurs commonly in patients with lymphoma, may be precipitated by treatment with mechlorethamine.|Major and dose-limiting adverse effects of mechlorethamine are nausea and vomiting, which occur in up to 90% of patients who receive the drug and are presumably due to CNS stimulation.Vomiting, which may be severe enough to precipitate vascular accidents in patients with hemorrhagic tendencies, occurs within 0.5-8 hours (usually 1-3 hours) after administration of mechlorethamine. Emesis generally subsides within 8 hours, but nausea may persist 24 hours or longer. ... Other GI effects of mechlorethamine include anorexia, diarrhea, severe hematemesis and dehydration secondary to vomiting, and rarely, peptic ulcers.|Mechlorethamine must be used with extreme caution in patients with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia caused by infiltration of bone marrow with malignant cells. In these patients, a good response to mechlorethamine therapy with disappearance of tumor from the bone marrow may be associated with improved bone marrow function; however, in the absence of good response or in patients who have received previous treatment with antineoplastic agents, hematopoiesis may be further compromised, resulting in more severe leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and possibly death. Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia appear to be especially sensitive to the hematopoietic effects of mechlorethamine and should receive the drug with extreme caution, if at all.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chemicals that are used to cause the disturbance, disease, or death of humans during WARFARE. (See all compounds classified as Chemical Warfare Agents.)|A class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunctional and thus unable to cross-link cellular macromolecules. Among their common properties are a requirement for metabolic activation to intermediates with antitumor efficacy and the presence in their chemical structures of N-methyl groups, that after metabolism, can covalently modify cellular DNA. The precise mechanisms by which each of these drugs acts to kill tumor cells are not completely understood. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2026) (See all compounds classified as Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating.)|Highly reactive chemicals that introduce alkyl radicals into biologically active molecules and thereby prevent their proper functioning. Many are used as antineoplastic agents, but most are very toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressant actions. They have also been used as components in poison gases. (See all compounds classified as Alkylating Agents.)|Drugs that act locally on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces to produce inflammation; those that cause redness due to hyperemia are rubefacients; those that raise blisters are vesicants and those that penetrate sebaceous glands and cause abscesses are pustulants; tear gases and mustard gases are also irritants. (See all compounds classified as Irritants.)

Following IV injection, the drug undergoes rapid chemical transformation and unchanged mechlorethamine is undetectable in the blood within a few minutes. Less than 0.01% of an IV dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.|Mice given 35 mg/kg body wt mechlorethamine hydrochloride iv and examined by autoradiography had significant levels of compound in brain, spinal cord, lung and submaxillary glands.|Mechlorethamine is incompletely absorbed following intracavitary administration, probably because of rapid deactivation by body fluids.

Following its in vivo admin, mechlorethamine or its hydrochloride is probably converted into ethyleneimmonium ion which reacts with guanine residues in /either the same or/ adjacent strands of DNA as well as with SH groups.

Mechlorethamine, as an alkylating agent, interferes with DNA replication and transcription of RNA and ultimately results in the disruption of nucleic acid function. Mechlorethamine also possesses weak immunosuppressive activity.|Mechlorethamine, as an alkylating agent, interferes with DNA replication and transcription of RNA, and ultimately results in the disruption of nucleic acid function.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the mucous membranes, vesication, burning sensation, destruction of tissues of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, shortness of breath and headache. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting and anorexia. It can cause irritation, severe damage and burns of the eyes, and necrotizing uveitis. Exposure can lead to depression of the formed elements in the blood, weakness, diarrhea, and rarely, jaundice, alopecia, vertigo, tinnitus, diminished hearing, hemolytic anemia, various chromosomal abnormalities, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia (which may lead to bleeding from the gums and gastrointestinal tract, petechiae and small subcutaneous hemorrhages), immunosuppression, erythema multiforme, delayed catamenia, severe and even uncontrollable depression of the hematopoietic system, persistent pancytopenia, oligomenorrhea, temporary or permanent amenorrhea, and in males, impaired spermatogenesis, azoospermia and total germinal aplasia. Other symptoms may include leukopenia, granulocytopenia, hypoplasia of all elements of bone marrow, lymphopenia and precipitation of uric acid in kidney tubules. It can cause myelosuppression and gastrointestinal symptoms. It can also cause hemorrhagic complications, maculopapular skin eruptions, herpes zoster, and on injection, thrombophlebitis. It can also cause thrombosis on injection. Exposure can also lead to latent viral infection and menstrual irregularities in women. Necrosis has occurred following extravascular injections. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is highly toxic and may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the skin. It is a severe irritant of the mucous membranes. It is a powerful vesicant. High concentrations are extremely destructive to tissues of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. There is sufficient evidence that it is an animal carcinogen. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride gas. (NTP, 1992)|Carcinogens, Teratogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Adverse CNS effects which have occurred following IV administration of mechlorethamine include weakness, headache, drowsiness, vertigo, lightheadedness, convulsions, progressive muscle paralysis, paresthesia, cerebral degeneration, coma, and death. Serious neurotoxicity appears to be a problem only when high doses or intra-arterial and regional perfusion administration techniques are used. Immediate and delayed neurotoxicity, sometimes severe, has been reported in patients receiving higher than recommended doses of the drug in preparation for bone marrow transplantation; neurotoxicity appeared to increase with age and dose administered and occurred more frequently in patients who also received procarbazine or cyclophosphamide.|/CASE REPORTS/ ... Four women with Hodgkin's disease ... treated with mechlorethamine during first and third (1 case) or second & third (3 cases) trimesters of pregnancy. No abnormalities were recorded in offspring at 2 months, 8.5, 7.5 and 9.5 yr.|/CASE REPORTS/ 52 yr old woman with lymphocytic lymphoma received chemotherapy including mechlorethamine; iv, 9 mg on day 1 and 4.5 mg on day 8. Within 1 hr of administration she developed facial angioneurotic edema after each course of therapy.

Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine

Parenteral: For injection: 10 mg, Mustargen (with sodium chloride), Merck

Free HN2 or its hydrochloride can be determined colorimetrically by reaction with 4-(4L-nitrobenzyl)pyridine. Determinations of HN2 have been made using paper and thin-layer chromatographic methods; a fluorometric method for its determination in biological materials, with a sensitivity of 0.02 g/mL, and titrimetric methods have also been described.|Analyte: mechlorethamine hydrochloride; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: infrared absorption spectrophotometry with comparison to standards|Analyte: mechlorethamine hydrochloride; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: visual reaction (free iodine color) with sodium thiosulfate and iodine|Analyte: mechlorethamine hydrochloride; matrix: chemical purity; procedure: titration with sodium thiosulfate and iodine|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Health Hazards -> Carcinogens, Teratogens