1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene

120.195

120.19

247-099-9

ZK4R7UPH6R

1362

65599|5167

1993

DTXSID8047769

Colorless liquid|Clear, colorless liquid

2902909090

0

3.7

COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

0.89 g/cm³

-25 °C

176 °C

112-122°F

1.501

65.51mg/L(25 ºC)

Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage.

Vapour pressure, kPa at 20°C: 0.18

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.1

Flammable Liquid

vol% in air: 0.8.6

Distinctive, aromatic odor

3.27e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

0.00 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 4.36X10-3 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Conversion factors: 1 mg/cu m = 0.20 ppm; 1 ppm = 5.00 mg/cu m|Heat of formation: -58.5 kJ/mol at 298.15 K (liquid); -9.5 kJ/mol at 298.15 K (gas)|Standard molar entropy: 267.9 J/mol K at 298.15 K|Molar heat capacity: 216.4 J/mol K at 298.15 K and constant pressure|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.27X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C

878 °F (470 °C)|470 °C

8.48 eV

Lower flammable limit: 0.8% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 6.6% by volume|Flammable Liquid

49.05 kJ/mol at 20 °C

Critical temperature: 664.5 K; critical pressure: 3.454 MPa

III

3.2

UN 3295 3/PG 3

3

R10;R37

S16

DC3300000

Xi:Irritant;

Fireproof. Well closed. Separated from oxidants.

Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P261-P305 + P351 + P338

H226-H315-H319-H335

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Incineration /SRP: with appropriate emission controls/. /Trimethyl benzenes/

Oxidizers (perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates, nitrates), strong oxidizers (chlorine, bromine, fluorine), and nitric acid. /Trimethyl benzenes/|Oxidizers, nitric acid

Flammable. Above 44 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

|Warning|H226 (97.64%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1706 companies from 22 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H226 (97.82%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1356 companies from 23 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P312, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation. All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available for work each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full face-piece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash. /Trimethyl benzenes/|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|(See protection codes)

Above 44 °C explosive vapor/air mixtures may be formed. ...Explosive limits, vol% in air: 0.8-6.6.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 0.8-6.6

This chemical is a flammable liquid. Poisonous gases are produced in fire. Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol-resistant foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or alcohol foam. Move container from fire if you can do so without risk. Spray cooling water on containers that are exposed to flames until well after fire is out. For massive fire in cargo area, use unmanned hose holder or monitoring nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. Isolate for one-half mile in all directions if tank car or truck is involved in fire. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156. /Trimethyl benzenes/

Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit. Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or similar material and deposit in sealed containers. Keep this chemical out of a confined space ... because of the possibility of an explosion ... It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable. /Trimethyl benzenes/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed or replaced.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

This compound requires a shipping label of: "Flammable Liquid, Poison." It falls in DOT Hazard Class 3 and Packing Group III. /Trimethyl benzenes/

Irritates the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. /Trimethyl benzenes/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 25 ppm (125 mg/cu m).

Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Fireproof. Well closed. Separated from oxidants.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Above 44 °C use a closed system, ventilation and explosion-proof electrical equipment. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).

PREVENT GENERATION OF MISTS!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was 0.72% of the total emissions measured in the Caldecott tunnel in San Francisco, CA June 26-28 1991(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was emitted in Fort McHenry tunnel, Baltimore, MD from light duty trucks at 5.8 mg/mile and from heavy duty trucks at 10.1 mg/mile from June 18-24, 1992(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was emitted in Tuscarora tunnel, PA from light duty trucks at 2.2 mg/mile and from heavy duty trucks at 3.7 mg/mile from June 18-24, 1992(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found at 0.5% of catalytic equipped engine exhaust(3). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in the emissions of 30 vehicles (10 built before 1990, 20 built between 1990 and 1996) using 3 types of gas in Mexico City(4). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was emitted from motor vehicles in the Van Nuys tunnel in Los Angeles at 84 mg/L on Sept 21, 1993(5). Emissions of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene were identified in regular whole (liquid) gas (0.25%), high grade whole (liquid) gas (0.50%), roadway (0.45%), bus parking garage hot soak (1.14%), bus parking garage cold start (0.40%), motorcycle emissions (0.16%), petroleum refinery (0.07%), lead smelter (0.62%), and cast iron factory emissions (0.54%), in Cairo, Egypt(6). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in roadway emissions, whole gas and whole gas (97 octane) at 0.532, 1.01 and 0.92 ppb% in Atlanta, GA(7).|1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in 4% of trade water effluent samples at a average concentration of 2.47 ug/L in England and Wales in 1995(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was emitted from Wyomings Hanna and Gillette coal gas power plants at 0.1 and 42 ppb, respectively, and from Morgantown rosebud coal/gas plant at 361 ppb(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was not found in emissions from oil/shale power plants in Rock Springs, WY and DeBeque, CO(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene concentrations in leachate were 10, 20, 40, 1200 and 2450 ug/L from a hazard waste landfill and not detected, 1.0, 3.0 and 9.1 ug/L from a domestic waste landfill(3). Landfill gas from Fresh Kills (NY) municipal solid-waste landfill had an average concentration of 1.90 ppm in >250 extraction samples from the summer of 1995(4). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was present in 3 landfill leachates at 10, 800 and 2000 ug/L in Germany(5).|1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was detected in water after running a four-stroke outboard motor for 10 minutes(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene had water concentrations of 1.9 and 5 ppm after running a 7 and 10 horsepower outboard motor(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was identified in the emission from four-stroke lawn mower engines using 2 types of gas(3). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was emitted from the ferry boat Aurora at a rate of 10 mg/kWh July 12-15, 1995 and from the Stena Danica at <0.5 mg/kWh August 22-26, 1995(4).|1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in 6.9% of 275 stormwater samples from 40 monitoring locations in NC with an average concentration of 0.17 ug/L(1).|1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene is emitted from vinyl cove molding, linoleum tile, tar paper, black rubber molding, vinyl edge molding, large and small diameter telephone cable, latex paint, polystyrene foam insulation, latex caulk, carpet adhesive, and carpet at rates of 0.33, 7.3, 0.32, 2.8, 0.77, 1.0, 1.8, 0.53, 0.12, 11, 4.5, and 1.3 ug/sq m-hr, respectively(1).1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene is emitted from textile floor coverings(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was detected but not quantified in the emissions of mixed household waste(3).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: A median concentration of 3.4 ppb was given for 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene from samples taken from 39 US cities(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was reported at <0.1 ppb in samples taken from April to August 1975 in Delft, Netherlands(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was detected at a median concn of 48 ug/cu m in urban/suburban areas in New Jersey(3). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was detected at 35 ug/cu m in northern Italy (4). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene average concentration was reported as 2.0 ug/cu m in southern CA from samples taken Sept 8-9, 1993(5). Samples taken March 20, 1996 to April 16, 1997 in Porto Alegre, Brazil contained average concentrations of 3.9 mg/cu m(6). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene had average concentrations of 0.2-0.35 ppb from approximately 350 samples from each site (Terschelling, Delft, and Vlaardingen, Netherlands) sampled in 1980(7). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in samples taken in Leningrad(8-9), Tashkent, Baku, Tbilisi, Kemerovo and Murmansk, Russia(9). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found at 0.0-54.2, 79.4-152.8 and 0.6-17.1 ppb on Sept 11, 1973, Jan 30, and April 2, 1974, respectively, at locations in Houston, TX(10). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was detected in Pretoria, Johannesburg, and Durban in South Africa(11). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene had a concentration of 2.4 ug/cu m in Barcelona(12). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in Den Haag, Rotterdam, Vilwoorde, and Crosser Fieldberg Teuinus at concentrations of 9.3, 71, 1.1 and 0.15 ug/cu m, respectively(13). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was detected at 0.08, 0.38, and 0.97 ug/cu m in Frohnau, Nansenstrasze, and Frankfurter Allea, Berlin, Germany from samples taken Jun-Aug 1996(14). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene had an average concentration of 3.3 ppb in samples taken June 1993, May 1994 and July 1994 in Athens, Greece(15).|INDOOR: In a 1978-1990 international survey of established dwellings, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene was detected at <1 ug/cu m and at 70 ug/cu m in 3 offices(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was detected at 140 ug/cu m in northern Italy(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in 69% of 26 houses analyzed(3). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found at <0.03 to <0.05 mg/cu m in the livingrooms of homes above screen printing plants(4). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found at maximum a concentration of 40ug/cu m in 300 Dutch homes and at an average concentration of 3.5 ug/cu m in west German homes(5). The mean concentration of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene from 24 nonsmoking residences was 0.03 ug/cu m and from 25 smoking residences was 0.18 ug/cu m(6).|RURAL/REMOTE: 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was not detected (detection limit 0.5 ppb) in 5 samples from Robinson, Il and 8 samples from Jamesville, WI(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was detected, not quantified in air samples in Whitaker's Forest, California(2).|SOURCE DOMINATED: 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was detected at a median concn of 26 ug/cu m(1) in source dominated areas in New Jersey(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in the atmosphere at Gatwick Airport in the UK(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found near a Saab plant at 23 ug/cu m and at a Volvo plant at 4.9 ug/cu m(3). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was identified in up to 74% of atmospheric samples taken in 3 locations on 2 cells of a landfill in Ireland over an 18 month period(4).

A German study taken in 1990 and 1991 of 113 people (ages 25-69), chosen from a group of 2500 to represent the population, gave personal atmospheric exposures to 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene in 108 samples an average of 4.9 ug/cu m and 5 samples were less than 0.7 ug/cu m(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found as 0.9% of unburned whole gas(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in 3 paint samples at 0.29, 0.41 and 0.22 mg/g(3). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in Ponca crude oil at 1000 mg/kg and in regular gasoline, lead free gasoline, super unleaded gasoline, and API generic gasoline at concentrations of 0.69, 0.80, 0.98 and 0.47 weight percent in Houston, TX in 1984(4). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was measured as 0.7 weight percent form 24 gasoline samples(5).

1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene is a volatile component of plums(1).|/1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene is/ found in coal tar ... occurring in some mineral oils /and is/ formed during the processing of crude oil

1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene's production and use as a solvent and in dye and perfume manufacturing(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1,096(2) and 630(3) indicate that 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 4.36X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.69 mm Hg(5). Biodegradation of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene may occur in aerobic environments(6) but is likely to be slow based upon 0% theoretical BOD in the Japanese MITI test(8); it is unlikely to biodegrade in anaerobic environments(7).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 1,096(2) and 630(3) indicate that 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.36X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3.4 hours and 4.4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a BCF range of 133-259(7) suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Biodegradation of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene may occur in oxygenated water(8) but is likely to be slow based upon 0% theoretical BOD in the Japanese MITI test(7); it is unlikely to biodegrade in anaerobic environments(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 1.69 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 12 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.27X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene also reacts with ozone and nitrate radicals in the atmosphere; the half-life for these reactions are 20 years(4) and 60 days, respectively(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 3.27X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 12 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene with ozone has been measured as 1.6X10-21 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 20 years at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene with nitrate radicals has been measured as 5.6X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 60 days and at an atmospheric concentration of 2.4X10+8 nitrate molecules per cu cm(4). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4).

194.98|The BCF of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene was 133-217 at a concentration of 150 ppb and 136-259 at a concentration of 15 ppb using carp (Cypinus carpio) which were exposed over an 8-week period(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCFs suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

630.96 L/kg|1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene has measured log Koc values of 3.04(1) and 2.80(2-5). These values correspond to Koc values of 1,096 and 630. 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene also has a reported log Kom value of 2.80(6-7). According to a classification scheme(8), these Koc values suggest that 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene is 4.36X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3.4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.4 days(SRC). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.69 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found at 110, 280, and 450 ppb from samples taken 15 months after underground coal gasification ended at a cite in Hoe Creek, WY(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in groundwater samples in St Louis Park, MN(2) and in bedrock water in Ville Mercier, Quebec, Canada(3). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found at 0.139 mg/L in Galloway Township, NJ in Feb of 1990(4). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found at 0.5, 1.6, 2.0 and 46.7 ug/L in 4 of 13 wells sampled in Conroe, TX, Aug 24-30 1983(5).|DRINKING WATER: 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was detected in drinking water at Torresdale water treatment plant in Philadelphia, PA(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found at 1.3 ppm in drinking water from Kitakyushu, Japan(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found at 45 ng/L in drinking water in Cincinnati, OH in Feb 1980(3). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was listed as a contaminant found in drinking water for a survey of US cities including Miami, FL, Cincinnati, OH, Philadelphia, PA, New Orleans, LA, and Seattle, WA(4).|SURFACE WATER: 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene had concentrations of 0.1, 0.1, 0.2 and <0.1 ug/L in the Rhine, Meuse, Northern Delta and Westerscheldt, Netherlands, respectively, in samples taken May 1992 to Sept 1997(1). Samples taken from the River Elbe in Germany from 1992 to 1993 had concentrations of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene of 7.3 and 8.7 ng/L at Zollenspieker and Seemannshoft, respectively(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene had average concentrations in Besos and Llobregat rivers of 5500 and 750 ng/L, respectively, in samples taken from March 1985 to March 1986 in Spain(3). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was reported at unspecified concentrations in River Glatt, Switzerland(4).|SEAWATER: 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was detected in Narragansett Bay, RI(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene had an average concentration of 3.1 ng/L in the Vineyard Sound, MA from March 1977 to June 1978(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene had average concentrations of 2.0, 8.0, 1.1 and 4.3 ng/L at Barcelona, La Pineda, Wil Sitiges and Marine samples taken in Feb 1986 off the coast of Spain(3).|RAIN/SNOW/FOG: Six snow surface sites from three different sampling events from 1985-1991 in the Antarctic were analyzed for the content of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene; Mt. Crummer (51 ng/L), Campbell Glacier (5 ng/L), Vegetation Island (27 ng/L), Tourmaline Plateau (27 ng/L), Mt. Melbourne (10 ng/L), Carezza Lake (55 ng/L)(1). Two sites were analyzed at different snow depths; Styx Glacier (surface-below detection limit, 1 meter deep-5 ng/L, 2 meters deep-5 ng/L) and McCarthy Ridge (surface-5 ng/L, 1 meter deep-5 ng/L, 2 meters deep-7 ng/L)(1). Snow surface analysis were done on seven sites in the Antarctic in 1993/1994 season; Wood Bay at sea level (70 ng/L), Mt Melbourne at 200 meters above sea level (9 ng/L), Vegetation Island at 220 meters above sea level (119 ng/l), Mt Melbourne at 600 meters above sea level (69 ng/L), McCarthy Ridge at 790 meters above sea level (127 ng/L), Mt Melbourne at 1130 meters above sea level (43 ng/L) and Hercules Neve at 2960 meters above sea level (210 ng/L)(2). Subsurface snow samples at McCarthy Ridge were analyzed at 138 ng/L at 1 meter deep, 104 ng/L at 2 meters deep and 112 ng/L at 3 meters deep(2). Subsurface snow samples taken at Hercules Neve gave 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene concentrations of 161 ng/L at 1 meter deep, 158 ng/L at 2 meters deep and 290 ng/L at 3 meters deep(2).

1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in boiled shrimp and crab meat(1). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found as a volatile component of chickpea seed(2), beef(3), pork(3), frankfurters(4), and plums(5).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 279 workers (none of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound and other products containing 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene(SRC).|1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in the breathing zone of three copy centers at 0.4, 0.4 and 30.5 ppb(1). Screen printing plants sampled in Amsteram, The Netherlands, had indoor air concentrations of <0.02 to 2.98 mg/cu m(2). 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene was found in air return, work bench, overhead line 1, overhead line 3, overhead line 4 and air supply at 0.25, 0.32, 0.36, 0.39, 0.53 and 0.9 mg/cu m in a sheeted offset printing shop(3). Approximately 30% of 7,705 samples (solvent vapors, blood, urine) taken from the work place contained 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene(4).

... Ten healthy male volunteers were exposed to trimethylbenzene (TMB) vapor in an exposure chamber for 2 hr at a work load of 50 W. The subjects were exposed on four occasions, to 25 ppm of 1,2,4-TMB, 1,2,3-TMB, and 1,3,5-TMB, respectively, and 2 ppm of 1,2,4-TMB. Urine was collected from the onset of exposure until the following morning. All six possible dimethylhippuric acid (DMHA) isomers were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. About 22% of the inhaled amount of 1,2,4-TMB was excreted as DMHAs within 24 hr, mainly as 3,4-DMHA. The 24-hr recovery of 1,2,3-TMB as DMHAs was 11%. Only 3% of the absorbed amount of 1,3,5-TMB was excreted as 3,5,-DMHA. ... In addition to analysis of DMHAs, the excretion of unconjugated dimethylbenzoic acids in urine was estimated to account for approximately 3% of the dose of all TMBs. In conclusion, the urinary excretion of DMHA isomers may serve as a good indicator of TMB exposure. In this controlled short-term-exposure study the sum of excretion rate of several DMHA isomers reflected exposure more closely than did the excretion rate of any single DMHA.

The structure was investigated of the mercapturic acid excreted in urine of rats after the i.p. administration of 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene. Of the two regioisomeric mercapturic acids, i.e. N-acetyl-S-(2,3-dimethylbenzyl)-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(2,6-dimethyl-benzyl)-L-cysteine, only the former was isolated by preparative HPLC and identified, by comparison with an authentic specimen. The excretion rate of the mercapturate was estimated to be approximately 5% of dose, not a substantial metabolic route.|Toxicity of Tri- and Tetramethylbenzenes: Material: 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene; Route of entry: oral (subacute); Species: rat; Dose or concentration: 1.2 g/kg; Results or Effects: Metabolites: 2,3-dimethylhippuric acid 17.3%, 2,3-dimethylbenzoic glucuronide 19.4%, and 2,3-dimethylbenzoic sulfate 19.9%. /From table/

4.00 Days|0.60 Days|... Ten healthy male volunteers were exposed to trimethylbenzene (TMB) vapor in an exposure chamber for 2 hr at a work load of 50 W. The subjects were exposed on four occasions, to 25 ppm of 1,2,4-TMB, 1,2,3-TMB, and 1,3,5-TMB, respectively, and 2 ppm of 1,2,4-TMB. Urine was collected from the onset of exposure until the following morning. All six possible dimethylhippuric acid (DMHA) isomers were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. ... The half-times of the different DMHA isomers ranged from 4 to 16 hr.

(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The substance is irritating to the eyes, the skin and the respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. If this liquid is swallowed, aspiration into the lungs may result in chemical pneumonitis. ...Use of alcoholic beverages enhances the harmful effect.

hemimellitene

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat, respiratory system; bronchitis; hypochromic anemia; headache, drowsiness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), dizziness, nausea, incoordination; vomiting, confusion; chemical pneumonitis (aspiration liquid)

Confusion. Dizziness. Headache. Vomiting. Drowsiness. Cough. Sore throat.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, blood

Hemimellitene is a mixture of the 1,2,3-isomer with up to 10% of related aromatics such as the 1,2,4-isomer

Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl-: ACTIVE|Occurs in some petroleums

Method: USGS-NWQL O-4127-96; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Analyte: 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene; Matrix: surface- or ground-water samples; Detection Limit: 0.036 ug/L.|Method: OSHA PV 2091; Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detector.; Analyte: 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 1 ug/sample.