Cyanogen bromide

105.921

105.92

208-051-2

OS382OHJ8P

0136

89684

1889

DTXSID9021550

C402

White hygroscopic needles|Crystals|Crystalline solid|Colorless crystals

2853009021

23.79000

0.85

Cyanogen bromide is a colorless to white crystalline solid with a penetrating odor. It is slightly soluble in water. It is gradually decomposed by water and very rapidly by acids to give off hydrogen bromide, a flammable and poisonous gas. Contamination with many materials can cause rapid decomposition of the material. It is toxic by inhalation of its vapors or by the hydrogen cyanide from decomposition or by ingestion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fire involving this material. It is used in gold extraction, to make other chemicals, and as a fumigant.

2.015 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

52 °C

61.4 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

-9.0±18.7 °C

1.467

decomposed slowly by cold H2O [HAW93]

work with BrCN should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact. Containers of cyanogen bromide should be kept tightly sealed and stored under nitrogen in a secondary container in a refrigerator.

100 mm Hg ( 22.6 °C)

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 3.6

LCLO inhal (human) 92 ppm (398 mg/m3; 10 min) LCLO inhal (mouse) 115 ppm (500 mg/m3; 10 min)

Impure BrCN can polymerize during storage; the danger of explosion exists with closed BrCN bottles.

Penetrating

Bitter

Decomposes in the presence of water|Dipole moment: 2.94 debyes|conversion factors: 1 mg/L is equivalent to 230.9 ppm and 1 ppm is equivalent to 4.33 mg/cu m at 25 °C, 760 mm Hg

It is slightly soluble in water. It is gradually decomposed by water and very rapidly by acids to give off hydrogen bromide, a poison gas.

Cyanides, Inorganic

CYANOGEN BROMIDE is not combustible itself, but impure cyanogen bromide decomposes rapidly and tends to explode. A violent reaction may take place on contact with large quantities of acid. Avoid physical damage, contact with acids or water, and store away from a location where water may be needed for fire control. [EPA, 1998]. Benzene and cyanogen halides yield HCl as a byproduct (Hagedorn, F. H. Gelbke, and Federal Republic of Germany. 2002. Nitriles. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.).

Not Applicable. Not flammable. (USCG, 1999)

The vapour is heavier than air.

Corrodes most metals

33.82 kJ/mol

I

6.1

UN 3390 6.1/PG 1

3

R26/27/28;R34;R40;R50/53

S53-S28-S36/37/39-S45-S60-S61-S26-S16

GT2100000

T+:Verytoxic;N:Dangerous for the environment;

Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed.

Stable. Reacts violently with water and with mineral and organic acids.

P260-P264-P273-P280-P284-P301 + P310

H300 + H310 + H330-H314-H410

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U246 and D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids.|A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.|Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat and eye protection. In the fume hood and behind a shield, cautiously, with stirring, add to a large volume of an alkaline solution of calcium hypochlorite or household bleach. After 24 hours, wash into the drain with 50 times its volume of water.

Reacts with acids, water to release highly toxic hydrogen cyanide.|Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ordinary air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide. /Cyanide/|Violent explosion occurs if cyanide salt is melted with nitrite salt. The melt explodes if cyanide plus chlorate or nitrite is heated to 450 °C. /Cyanides/|Incompatibilites: Strong oxidizers, such as nitrates, chlorates ... /&/ acid salts. /Cyanides/|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for CYANOGEN BROMIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Lunn G, Lawler G; Curr Protoc Protein Sci. Appendix 2: Appendix 2A (2002). This appendix provides protocols for some commonly used disposal and decontamination procedures /for several laboratory reagents including cyanogen bromide. along with analytical techniques that are used to verify that reagents have been decontaminated.|Nat'l Research Council Canada; Effects of Cyanides on Aquatic Organisms with Emphasis Upon Freshwater Fishes (1982) NRCC No. 19246|USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Cyanides (1980) EPA 440/5-80-037|NIOSH; Criteria Document: Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts (1976) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 77-108|USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Cyanide (1984) EPA 440/5-84-028

Cyanogen bromide is not combustible itself, but impure cyanogen bromide decomposes rapidly and tends to explode. A violent reaction may take place on contact with large quantities of acid. Vapors are highly irritating. When material is heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic fumes of cyanide and bromide. Avoid water, acids. Avoid physical damage, contact with acids or water, and store away from a location where water may be needed for fire control. (EPA, 1998)|Not combustible but forms flammable gas on contact with water or damp air. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.|Reactive - 1st degree

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2016)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)|Where skin can be exposed ... protective clothing, including impervious hand protection, should be provided. ... /Cyanides/|Emergency response personal protective equipment: Wear special protective clothing & positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.|Chemical safety goggles shall be worn by employees engaged in any operation wherein there is danger or likelihood that dusts or solutions of cyanide salts will come into contact with the eye. Full-length face shields with forehead protection shall be worn by employees engaged in any operation wherein there is danger or likelihood that dusts, molten salts, or solutions of cyanide salts may contact the face. /Cyanide salts/|... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.|Use closed system or ventilation.

Noncombustible

Impure BrCN can polymerize during storage; the danger of explosion exists with closed BrCN bottles.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities of spray and fog.|Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

In the event of a spill, sweep up cyanogen bromide, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly. Respiratory and appropriate impermeable protective gloves and clothing should be worn while conducting cleanup of this highly toxic substance.|Cyanogen bromide in water and sodium cyanide in water may safely and efficently (greater than 99.7%) be destroyed using sodium hydroxide (1 M) solution and commercially available sodium or calcium hypochlorite. Details are given of an analytical procedure which can be used to check the final reaction mixture for the presence of residual cyanogen bromide or cyanide.|Wear nitrile rubber gloves, eye protection, laboratory coat and self-contained breathing apparatus if necessary. Cover spill with a 1:1:1 mixture by weight of sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate, clay cat litter (bentonite) and sand. Scoop into a container and transport to the fume hood. Add to a pail of cold water, then, while stirring add an alkaline solution of calcium hypochlorite or household bleach. After 24 hours, decant the solution into the drain with 50 times its volume of water. The solid residue can be treated as normal refuse.|Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Place contaminated materials into appropriate containers for disposal.

Because of its high acute toxicity, cyanogen bromide should be handled using the "basic prudent practices" ... supplemented by the additional precautions for work with compounds of high toxicity ...In particular, work with BrCN should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact.|All containers ... should be kept covered or in exhausted hood when not in use. Any process that may release hydrogen cyanide should be mechanically exhausted, with provision for higher rate during emergencies. Direct reading instruments for determination of hydrocyanic acid are available. /Cyanides/|Attention to ... ventilation is necessary. ... Because of the low permissible exposure level ... Complete enclosure of process is recommended. ... Those working with cyanide salts should be instructed that contact with acids will release hydrogen cyanide. Where exposure potential exists, workers should be trained to recognize the odor of hydrogen cyanide & when ... detected, work area should be evacuated immediately. /Cyanides/|Accidents...In the event of skin contact, immediately wash with soap and water and remove contaminated clothing. In case of eye contact, promptly wash with copious amounts of water for 15 min (lifting upper and lower lids occasionally) and obtain medical attention. If cyanogen bromide is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CYANOGEN BROMIDE (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. Reaction with water or moist air may release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. For Un1796, UN1826, UN2031 at high concentrations and for UN2032, these may act as oxidizers, also consult GUIDE 140. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Substance may react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.|/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CYANOGEN BROMIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Irritating to skin, eyes, & respiratory system. May cause acute or delayed pulmonary edema.|A poison; Strong irritant to skin and eyes.|... It irritates the ... throat and lung ...

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. Skin Designation. /Cyanides, as CN/

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Dry. Well closed.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is severely irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. The effects may be delayed. The substance may cause effects on the cellular respiration. This may result in convulsions, unconsciousness and respiratory failure. Medical observation is indicated. Exposure could cause death.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use closed system or ventilation.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 4 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can be lethal.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

U246; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product.|D003; A waste containing cyanogen bromide may (or may not) be characterized a hazardous waste following testing for the reactivity characteristics as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).|Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Cyanogen bromide is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 or 10,000 lbs. Extremely hazardous substances that are solids are subject to either of two threshold planning quantities ... The lower quantity applies only if the solid exists in powdered form and has a particle size less than 100 microns; or is handled in solution or in molten form; or meets the criteria for a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) rating of 2, 3 or 4 for reactivity. If the solid does not meet any of these criteria, it is subject to the upper ... threshold planning quantity ... .

U246; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when cyanogen bromide, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).|D003; A solid waste containing cyanogen bromide may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

An approach to antidote therapy for cyanide poisoning by using Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution was investigated. Rats injected with an LD100 intravenous dose of cyanide were treated with Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution equal to 1.5% of their total body hemoglobin. There was a highly significant increase in the survival rate of the treated group compared to saline controls. The potential advantages of Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution over current antidotes include an immediate onset of action, rapid elimination of cyanide from the body and a mode of action that doesn't compromise any of the patients' oxygen carrying capacity. Stroma-Free Methemoglobin Solution shows promise as a significant adjunct in the treatment of cyanide poisoning. /Stroma-free methemoglobin solution is prepared from outdated red blood cells by the removal of all cellular membranes (stroma) and induction of methemoglobinemia equivalent to 90% of the total hemoglobin with potassium ferricyanide. Any excess potassium ferricyanide is then removed by dialysis against saline. The resultant preparation does not contain the antigenic components that have been previously reported to cause renal failure and coagulopathies./

Material containing cyanide compounds disposed of on land may lead to elevated levels of cyanide in underlying strata and in groundwater. /Cyanides/

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,172 workers (605 of these were female) were potentially exposed to cyanogen bromide in the US(1). Occupational exposure to cyanogen bromide may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cyanogen bromide is produced or used(SRC).|Highly toxic by ... ingestion.|AMONG FUMIGATORS ... CYANIDE POISONING IS RECOGNIZED ... /CYANIDES/

0.4 mg/L (92 ppm) in air is fatal after 10 min. /From table/

Cyanide is distributed to all organs and tissues via the blood, where its concn in red cells is greater than that in plasma by a factor of two or three. Presumably, the accumulation of cyanide in erythrocytes is a reflection of its binding to methemoglobin. /Cyanide/|The cyanide ion is readily absorbed after oral or parenteral admin. Prolonged local contact with cyanide soln ... may result in absorption of toxic amt through skin. Part of absorbed cyanide is excreted unchanged by the lung. Larger portion ... is converted by sulfurtransferase to relatively nontoxic thiocyanate ion. /Cyanide/|Once absorbed into the body, cyanide can form complexes with heavy metal ions. /Cyanide/|Presumably, the accumulation of cyanide in erythrocytes is a reflection of its binding to methemoglobin. /Cyanide/

The small quantity of cyanide always present in human tissues is metabolized at the approximate rate of 17 ug/kg x min, primarily by the hepatic enzyme rhodanese, which catalyzes the irreversible reaction of cyanide and a sulfane to produce thiocyanate, a relatively nontoxic compound excreted in the urine. ... The limiting factor under normal conditions is the availability of a sulfane as a substrate for rhodanese, and sulfur is administered therapeutically as sodium thiosulfate to accelerate this reaction. The lethal dose of cyanide is time dependent because of the ability of the body to detoxify small amounts of cyanide via the rhodanese-catalyzed reaction with sulfane. A given amount of cyanide absorbed slowly may cause no biological effects even though the same amount administered over a very short period of time may be lethal. /Hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride/|... Cyanide ion is conjugated with sulfur to form thiocyanate. ... conjugation is catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese which is widely distributed in most animal tissues except blood, liver being particularly active. ... the rhodanese mechanism is capable of detoxicating only limited amt of cyanide, such as are formed during normal metab. /another sulfur donor is 3-mercaptopyruvate. The enzyme, mercaptosulfur transferase is localized in cytosol./ /Cyanide/|/One of/ the major mechanism/s/ for removing cyanide from the body is its enzymatic conversion, by the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanese (transsulfurase), to thiocyanate, which is relatively ... /less toxic/. /Cyanide/

Half-life for the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate from a non-lethal dose in man is between 20 min and 1 hr. /Cyanide/

Cyanide has a very high affinity for iron in the ferric state. When absorbed /cyanide/ ... reacts readily with trivalent iron of cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria; cellular respiration is thus inhibited & cytotoxic hypoxia results. Since utilization of oxygen is blocked, venous blood is oxygenated and is almost as bright red as arterial blood. Respiration is stimulated because chemoreceptive cells respond as they do to decreased oxygen. A transient stage of CNS stimulation with hyperpnea and headache is observed; finally there are hypoxic convulsions and death due to respiratory arrest. /Cyanide/

Super toxic; probable oral lethal dose in humans is less than 5 mg/kg or a taste (less than 7 drops) for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. Vapors are highly irritant and very poisonous. Individuals with chronic diseases of the kidneys, respiratory tract, skin, or thyroid are at greater risk of developing toxic cyanide effects. (EPA, 1998)

Warning: Cyanogen bromide may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin or mucous membranes. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Cyanogen Bromide Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to cyanogen bromide may include hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate), followed by hypotension (low blood pressure) and bradycardia (slow heart rate). Cherry-red or bloody mucous membranes may be noted. Cardiac arrhythmias and other cardiac abnormalities are common. Cyanosis (blue tint to the skin and mucous membranes) may be observed. Headache, vertigo (dizziness), agitation, and giddiness may be followed by combative behavior, convulsions, paralysis, protruding eyeballs, dilated and unreactive pupils, and coma. Tachypnea (rapid, shallow respirations) or hyperpnea (rapid, deep respirations) may be followed by respiratory depression. Lung hemorrhage and pulmonary edema may also occur. Cyanogen bromide is irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Lacrimation (tearing) and a burning sensation of the mouth and throat are common. Salivation, nausea, and vomiting may also occur. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to cyanogen bromide may require decontamination and life support for the victims. All exposed persons should be transported to a health care facility as quickly as possible. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to cyanogen bromide. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with cyanogen bromide- contaminated persons or their gastric contents can result in self- poisoning. 3. RUSH to a health care facility! 4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to cyanogen bromide. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with cyanogen bromide- contaminated persons or their gastric contents can result in self- poisoning. 3. RUSH to a health care facility! 4. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 5. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 6. Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water. 7. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with cyanogen bromide- contaminated persons or their gastric contents can result in self- poisoning. 2. RUSH to a health care facility! 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize! 5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 6. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. (EPA, 1998)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Cyanokit is indicated for the treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning. ... If clinical suspicion of cyanide poisoning is high, Cyanokit should be administered without delay.... Cyanokit (hydroxocobalamin for injection) 5 g is a cyanide antidote package which contains two colorless 250 mL glass vials, each of which contains 2.5 g dark red lyophilized hydroxocobalamin, pH adjusted with hydrochloric acid, two transfer spikes, one IV administration set, one quick use reference guide and one package insert. The action of Cyanokit in the treatment of cyanide poisoning is based on its ability to bind cyanide ions. ...Caution should be exercised when administering other cyanide antidotes simultaneously with Cyanokit, as the safety of co-administration has not been established. If a decision is made to administer another cyanide antidote with Cyanokit, these drugs should not be administered concurrently in the same IV line. /Cyanide/|Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Cyanide and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Administer amyl nitrite ampules as per protocol and physician order ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer cyanide antidote kit as per protocol and physician order ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for CYANOGEN BROMIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Laboratory Findings. 1. An elevated blood cyanide concentration. Mild effects may be apparent at concentrations of 0.5-1.0 ug/mL, and concentrations of 2.5 ug/mL and higher are associated with coma, convulsions and death. 2. Acidosis. Metabolic acidosis with a high concentration of lactic acid (lactic acidosis) or a metabolic acidosis with an unexplained high anion gap (if the means to measure lactic acid are not available) may be present. Because oxygen cannot be utilized, anaerobic metabolism with the production of lactic acid replaces aerobic metabolism. Lactic acidosis, however, may reflect other disease states and is not specific for cyanide poisoning. 3. Oxygen content of venous blood greater than normal. This also is a result of poisoning of the intramitochondrial respiratory chain and the resulting failure of cells to extract oxygen from arterial blood. This finding is also not specific for cyanide poisoning. /Hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The acute toxicity of cyanogen bromide is high. Toxic effects are similar to but not as severe as those of hydrogen cyanide. Toxic symptoms may include cyanosis, nausea, dizziness, headache, lung irritation, chest pain, and pulmonary edema, which may be fatal. Cyanogen bromide may cause chronic pulmonary edema.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Its toxic action resembles that of hydrocyanic acid; cyanogen bromide also has a pronounced irritant effect and high concentrations may cause pulmonary edema and lung hemorrhages.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ At low concn, halogenated cyanide cmpd (CNBr, CNCl) behave like irritating gases, causing lacrimation, acute & delayed respiratory effects, including pulmonary edema, at concn in range of 10 ppm.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CYANOGEN BROMIDE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Bromide, Cyanogen

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Convulsions. Dizziness. Headache. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Unconsciousness. Vomiting.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Blisters. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

97% Purity product and 5.0 M solution in acetonitrile|... 97% min grade /is available/ ...|A 50 wt% soln of the bromide in chloroform is a stable and convenient form for use.|Commercial products are generally solutions in chloroform.

Cyanogen bromide ((CN)Br): ACTIVE|Co[-]distillation with chloroform prevents condenser blockage during cyanogen bromide manufacture as well as improving ease of handling.|A recent designer drug "ICE" or "U4EA" was found to be produced from cyanogen bromide and an over the counter decongestant.

Analyte: Cyanide ion; Matrix: Air; Procedure: Ion-specific electrode; Range: 0.05 to 2 mg CN-; Precision: 0.043 (hydrogen cyanide), 0.038 (potassium cyanide); Est LOD: 2.5 ug CN-; Interferences: Sulfide, chloride, iodide, bromide, cadmium, zinc, silver, nickel, iron and mercury. In humid atmospheres, some particulate cyanide collected on the filter will liberate hydrogen cyanide which will be trapped in the bubbler. The method cannot distinguish between HCN formed in this manner and HCN originally present in air. /Total cyanide/|Seven methods for the analysis of simple cyanides have been investigated including: 1) An ion-exchange procedure; 2) A continuous flow distillation; 3) An EDTA electrode method; 4) The AISI aeration method; 5) An EDTA aeration method; 6) The modified Roberts-Jackson method; and 7) The EPA method for Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination. Of all the seven procedures studied, the modified Roberts-Jackson method is the best. It gives complete recovery for all but one of the simple cyanides without decomposing the complex cyanides. ... It has the unique ability to perform accurately in the presence of both sulfide and thiocyanate. A lower limit of 2 ppb + or - 1 ppb is possible with a precision of + or - 10% above 10 ppb. ... The ligand-exchange procedure appears to be the most advantageous method of analysis of total cyanides. /Total cyanide/|Titrimetric method for determining hydrocyanic acid is presented. Measure 25 mL sample into small flask and add 5 mL freshly precipitated magnesium hydroxide, chloride-free. Titrate with 0.1 N silver nitrate, using potassium dichromate as indicator. Ml 0.1 N silver nitrate= 0.0027 g HCN. /Hydrogen cyanide/|EPA Method 9010: Colorimetric, Manual. Method 9010 is used to determine the concentration of inorganic cyanide in an aqueous waste or leachate. The method detects inorganic cyanides that are present as either simple soluble salts or complex radicals. It is used to determine values for both total cyanide and cyanide amenable to chlorination; it is not intended to determine if a waste is hazardous by the characteristic of reactivity. The cyanide, as hydrocyanic acid, is released by refluxing the sample with strong acid and distillation of the hydrogen cyanide into an absorber-scrubber containing sodium hydroxide solution. The cyanide ion in the absorbing solution is then manually determined colorimetrically by converting the cyanide to cyanogen chloride by reaction with chloramine-T at a pH less than 8 without hydrolyzing the cyanate. ... Color is formed on addition of the pyridine-barbituric acid reagent. In a single laboratory, using mixed domestic and industrial waste samples at concentrations of 0.06, 0.13, 0.28, and 0.62 mg cyanide/l, the standard deviations were +/- 0.005, +/- 0.007, +/- 0.031, and +/ - 0.094, respectively. In a single laboratory, using mixed industrial and domestic waste samples at concentrations of 0.28 and 0.62 mg cyanide/l, recoveries were 85% and 102%, respectively. /Total and Amenable Cyanide/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for CYANOGEN BROMIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cyanide may be liberated from biological fluids /blood, urine/ by acidification. The evolved cyanide is absorbed in alkali and sodium cyanide thus formed is quantitatively determined by measuring the absorbance of chromophores formed by interaction of the cyanide ion with suitable reagents ... /another/ procedure presents a senisitive gas chromatographic method for determination of cyanide in biological speciments, based on its conversion to cyanogen chloride using chloramine-t. Total cyanide/|Gas chromatographic determination of cyanides in biological specimens based upon its conversion to cyanogen chloride using chloramine-t (sodium p-toluene sulfonchloramide) is discussed. /Total cyanide/

Fire Hazards -> Reactive - 1st degree