Terpinolene

136.23

136.23

205-341-0

N9830X5KSL

2541

DTXSID0027222

Water-white to pale amber liquid|Colorless liquid or oil

2902199090

0

4.47

Terpinolene appears as a water-white to light amber colored liquid. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Used to make plastics and resins.

0.8623 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

<25 °C

185 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

148 °F

1.481

6.812mg/L(25 ºC)

2-8°C

~0.5 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

~4.7 (vs air)

Oral-rat LD50: 4390 mg/kg

combustible

SWEET, PINE ODOR

SOMEWHAT SWEET, CITRUS FLAVOR

2.25e-10 cm3/molecule*sec

0.03 atm-m3/mole|Henry's Law constant = 2.62X10-2 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.25X10-10 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C|Ozone radical reaction rate constant = 7.3X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C; 1.0X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 22 °C|Nitrate radical reaction rate constant = 5.20X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated

Highly Flammable

TERPINOLENE may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. In the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators, may undergo exothermic addition polymerization reactions.

III

3.2

UN 2541 3/PG 3

3

50/53-65-43

60-61-24/25-22-23-62

WZ6870000

N

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from oxidant

P280-P301 + P310-P331

H304-H317-H410

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Can react with oxidizing materials.

Terpinolene is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption as a synthetic flavoring substance and adjuvant in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.

EPA/Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics; High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program's Robust Summaries and Test Plans for Monoterpene Hydrocarbons (May 2002). Information on usage patterns, toxicity, and ecological effects submitted by industry to the US EPA HPV Challenge Program.[Available from, as of September 06, 2006: http://cfpub.epa.gov/hpv-s/]|Opdyke DL; J Food Cosmet Toxicol 14 (Suppl): 877 (1976). A review with 23 references on terpinolene including toxicity, irritation, sensitization, pharmacology, effect on insects & microorganisms.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substance may be transported hot. For hybrid vehicles, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to ERG Guide 169. (ERG, 2016)|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Danger|H226 (77.05%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P272, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P321, P331, P332+P313, P333+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2309 companies from 37 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Warning|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P273, P280, P370+P378, P391, P403+P235, and P501|H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P280, P301+P310, P303+P361+P353, P331, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Body Protection: impervious clothing, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.|Flammable, moderate fire risk.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. Use water spray to cool unopened containers.|Suitable extinguishing media: For small (incipient) fires, use media such as "alcohol" foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. For large fires, apply water from as far as possible. Use very large quantities (flooding) of water applied as a mist or spray; solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.|To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Control of environmental exposure: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.|ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapors can accumulate in low areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|Precautions for safe handling: Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

/GUIDE 128 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. Substance may be transported hot. For UN3166, if Lithium ion batteries are involved, also consult GUIDE 147. If molten aluminum is involved, refer to GUIDE 169.|/GUIDE 128 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible)/ Health: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|/GUIDE 128 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering.|/GUIDE 128 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for TERPINOLENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Terpinolene was detected in 1 out of >4000 samples of effluent from 1 of 46 categorized industrial waste water sources, monitored between November 1, 1979 through November 1, 1981; terpinolene was present in pulp and paper mill wastewater at a concentration of 28 ng/uL(1). The compound was detected in 1973 in kraft mill wastewater from both a bleached and an unbleached kraft mill at concentration ranging from trace levels to 40 ppb before secondary treatment in aerated lagoons and ranging from not detected to 10 ppb after treatment in the aerated lagoons (volumetric retention time of 7 days); detection limit and trace level concentration not specified(2).

SOURCE DOMINATED: Terpinolene was 0.9-2.5% of the monoterpines emitted during the industrial barking and related processes of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood(1).

Terpinolene was detected in the emissions of Newhall navel orange (Rutaceae) waste during decomposition under aerobic conditions throughout a 2 month monitoring period(1). Terpinolene is a component in the gas-phase emissions of a general purpose pine oil based cleaner(2). Terpinolene was detected in the volatile emissions in one out of five, three day and four week old waxed parquets at rates of 9 and 6 ug/sq m-hr, respectively(3).

moderately toxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Terpinolene is a colorless liquid or oil used as a solvent for resins and essential oils, and in the manufacture of synthetic resins and synthetic flavors. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Tested at 20% in petrolatum it produced no irritation after a 48 hr closed-patch test on human subjects in a maximization test carried out on 24 volunteers. The material was tested at a concentration of 20% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions. Terpinolene was found not to be a sensitizer for human skin. ANIMAL STUDIES: Terpinolene applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was not irritating. A single 24 hour application of terpinolene (5 g/kg) was applied to the clipped abraded abdominal skin of 10 rabbits weighing from 1.9 to 2.4 kg. Observations for mortality and toxic effects were made for seven days following exposure. Gross necropsies were performed on all animals at study termination. No deaths during the course of the study. No evidence of toxicity from percutaneous absorption of the test substance. Erythema and edema were reported during the first few days of observation, but cleared by the study termination. Terpinolene promoted only slightly or did not affect deer rumen microbial activity, however it inhibited rumen microbial activity in sheep.

LD50 Rat oral 4390 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral > 4000 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal > 5000 mg/kg/24 hr|LD50 Rat dermal > 5 mL/kg

Terpinolene is naturally emitted from various tissues and essential oils of a variety of plant species(1), especially trees(2). Terpinolene is a component of citrus fruit oils from orange species such as navel, bergamot, mandarin, sweet orange and tangerine(3). Terpinolene is a component of pine silvestris oil (Pinus silvestris) and tea tree oils (Melaleuca alternifolia, Melaleuca linariifolia, Melaleuca dissitiflora, other species)(4). It has been found in pine gum terpentines(5).

Terpinolene's production and use as a solvent for resins and essential oils and in the manufacture of synthetic resins and flavors(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7,600(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.47(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that terpinolene is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of terpinolene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.62X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Terpinolene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.43X10-1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2). A 72% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 7,600(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.47(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that terpinolene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.62X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 5 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 48 days if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 400(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). A 72% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(8) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), terpinolene, which has a vapor pressure of 7.43X10-1 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase terpinolene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.25X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of terpinolene with ozone has been estimated as 7.3X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4) and 1.0X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 22 °C(4). This corresponds to atmospheric half-lives of about 23 and 1.7 minutes, respectively(SRC). The overall daylight half-life for these two photooxidation reactions can be calculated to range between 1.7 and 19 min(4,5). The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of terpinolene with nitrate radicals present in nighttime air has been estimated to be 7.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(5) which corresponds to a nighttime atmospheric half-life of 41 sec(SRC). Terpinolene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of terpinolene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.25X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of terpinolene with ozone has been estimated as 7.3X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(2) and 1.0X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 22 °C(2). This corresponds to atmospheric half-lives of about 23 and 1.7 minutes, respectively, at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(SRC). The overall daylight half-life for these two photooxidation reactions can be calculated to range between 1.7 and 19 min, based upon the measured rate constants and the assumed concentration of the oxidants(2,3). The rate constant for the vapor phase reaction of terpinolene with nitrate radicals present in nighttime air has been estimated to be 7.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3) which corresponds to a nighttime atmospheric half-life of 41 sec at an atmospheric concentration of 2.4X10+8 nitrate radicals per cu cm(SRC). Terpinolene is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(4). Terpinolene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4,5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).|Terpinolene is highly reactive in a number of photooxidation reactions which occur in the atmosphere and as a result will have a short residence time in the atmosphere(1-5). Terpinolene has been found to be highly reactive in smog chamber studies in which the compound is irradiated in the presence of NOx(1-4). In one such study, terpinolene was determined to be 10 times more reactive than beta-pinene and 13 times more reactive than isobutene at 28 °C and a terpinolene to NOx ratio of 10 ppb to 7 ppb(1). The compound is not, however, efficient in the overall production of ozone in these smog chamber studies due in part to its own rapid reaction with ozone(2-5) and the consumption of large amounts of carbon in the formation of large amounts of aerosols(2-4). In another smog chamber study using a terpinolene/NOx ratio of 8 ppm to 1.3 ppm, 95% of the compound was consumed in one hour and the products observed by infrared spectroscopy were formaldehyde (most abundant product observed), formic acid, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetaldehyde, peroxyacetyl nitrate, and acetone; these observed products accounted for only 5% of the total carbon contained in the starting amount of terpinolene(3-5).

An estimated BCF of 400 was calculated in fish for terpinolene(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.47(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).

The Koc of terpinolene is estimated as 7,600(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.47(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that terpinolene is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for terpinolene is 2.62X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that terpinolene is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 48 days if adsorption is considered(3). Terpinolene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 7.43X10-1 mm Hg(4).

Terpinolene was detected in the mixture of volatile components of mangoes grown in Florida at a concentration of 2.0 ug/g in fruit stored in a deep freeze at -15 °C for 14 months and at a concentration of 1.1 ug/g in fresh fruit(1). Terpinolene was detected in the mixture of volatile components of 3 of 4 varieties of California nectarines (detection limit not reported)(2). The concentration detected in Sunfre nectarines was 10 ppb and the concentration detected in 2 experimental varieties of nectarines were below the quantification limit of 10 ppb(2). The compound was not detected in Flavortop nectarines(2). In another study, the compound was detected in the mixture of volatile components of unspecified nectarines (detection limit not reported)(3). Terpinolene was detected but not quantified in Korean edible Chamchwi(4), detected below quantitative limits (<0.1 mg/kg) in paprika(5) and in 0.8% of the relative volatile compounds from chickpea seed(6).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 5 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of terpinolene in the United States may be as low as 25 workers and as high as 99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 141,447 workers (40,571 of these are female) were potentially exposed to terpinolene in the US(1). Occupational exposure to terpinolene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where terpinolene is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to terpinolene via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with consumer products containing terpinolene(SRC).

In plants, monoterpene hydrocarbons are produced by the isoprene pathway. /Monoterpene hydrocarbons/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim calm and warm. (ERG, 2016)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Turpentine, terpenes, and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharingeal or nasopharingeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. /Turpentine, terpenes, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Turpentine, Terpenes, and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /Tested at 20% in petrolatum it produced no irritation after a 48 hr closed-patch test on human subjects. ... a maximization test was carried out on 24 volunteers. The material was tested at a concn of 20% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions. Terpinolene was found not to be a sensitizer for human skin.

4-isopropylidene-1-methylcyclohexene

Consumption: Annual: 2633.33 lb. Individual: 0.002231 mg/kg/day|Use in fragrances in the USA exceeds 50,000 lb/yr. Concn in final product (%): usual- soap 0.02; detergent 0.002; creams, lotions 0.01; perfume 0.12; maximum- soap 0.4; detergent 0.04; creams, lotions 0.1; perfume 0.5.

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-: ACTIVE|The Council of Europe (1974) included it in the list of artificial flavoring substances that may be added temporarily to foodstuffs without hazard to public health.|The pure product was isolated and structurally identified by Baeyer.

Application of gas-liquid chromatography to the analysis of essential oils.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Fragrances|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Lipids -> Prenol Lipids [PR] -> Isoprenoids [PR01] -> C10 isoprenoids (monoterpenes) [PR0102]|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree

Flavoring Agents