Carbon tetrabromide

331.627

331.63

209-189-6

NLH657095L

0474

6179

2516

DTXSID8060327

Colorless, monoclinic tablets|Colorless crystals|Colorless to yellow-brown crystals.

2903399090

0

3.57

Carbon tetrabromide appears as a colorless crystalline solid. Much more dense than water and insoluble in water. Toxic by ingestion. Vapors are narcotic in high concentration. Used to make other chemicals.

2.9608 g/cm³ @ Temp: 100 °C

90.1 °C

189.5 °C

65.4±13.2 °C

1.694

insoluble

No special storage requirements.

40 mm Hg ( 96 °C)

Relative vapour density (air = 1): 11.4

Noncombustible Solid

Slight odor.

Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

CARBON TETRABROMIDE is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers, hexacyclohexyldilead, lithium (NIOSH, 2016).

10.31 eV

Noncombustible Solid

10,771.4 gcal/gmole

III

6.1

UN 2516 6.1/PG 3

3

R26;R36

S26-S36-S45-S27-S24-S61

FG4725000

T+:Verytoxic;

Well closed.

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P280-P301 + P312 + P330-P305 + P351 + P338 + P310

H302-H315-H318-H335

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Lithium mixed with the following compounds can explode on impact: ... carbon tetrabromide.|Strong oxidizers, hexacyclohexyldilead, lithium.|Mixture with lithium particles is an impact-sensitive explosive. Explodes on contact with hexacyclohexyldilead.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 123 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P309+P311, P310, P312, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2016)|In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift. Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear rubber gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus, work clothing.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possbility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.|(See protection codes)

Not flammable by standard tests in air

Collect on paper and evaporate on a glass dish in a hood. Burn the paper.

Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. ... Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with bromoform should be removed promptly and not reworn until the bromoform is removed from the clothing. /Bromoform/|The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift.|Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for TETRABROMOMETHANE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

... Upper respiratory irritant.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.1 ppm (1.4 mg/cu m).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 0.3 ppm (4 mg/cu m).

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Well closed.

A harmful contamination of the air will be reached rather slowly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes. The substance is irritating to the skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the lungs, liver and kidneys. Exposure to high concentrations could cause unconsciousness.

The substance may have effects on the liver.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Carbon tetrabromide is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

LD50 Mouse sc 298 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse iv 56 mg/kg

Carbon tetrabromide has been isolated from red algae, Asparagopsis toxiformis, found in the ocean near Hawaii.

Tetrabromomethane's production and use in organic syntheses(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetrabromomethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tetrabromomethane from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure, 0.72 mm Hg(3) and water solubility, 240 mg/l(4). Tetrabromomethane is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.72 mm Hg(4). Based upon the highly halogenated structure of tetrabromomethane, biodegradation is expected to be slow(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 49(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tetrabromomethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces may occur based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), from its vapor pressure, 0.72 mm Hg(4) and water solubility, 240 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.0 hrs and 8.2 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 86(SRC), from its log Kow value of 3.42(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Based upon the highly halogenated structure of tetrabromomethane, biodegradation is expected to be slow(9).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tetrabromomethane, which has a vapor pressure of 0.72 mm Hg at 30 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tetrabromomethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals could not be estimated but is expected to be very slow since there are no abstractable hydrogens(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tetrabromomethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals could not be estimated(SRC). Although there is no literature supporting the hydrolysis of tetrabromomethane, there is evidence of tribromomethane undergoing hydrolysis with a half-life of 686 years(2). Due to its similarity in structure to carbon tetrachloride, tetrabromomethane may undergo hydrolysis in the environment but probably not at an environmentally important rate(SRC). Tetrabromomethane is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of adsorption in the environmental UV spectrum.

An estimated BCF of 86 was calculated for tetrabromomethane(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.42(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for tetrabromomethane can be estimated to be about 49(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tetrabromomethane is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for tetrabromomethane is estimated as 4.9X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its vapor pressure, 0.72 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 240 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tetrabromomethane is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.0 hrs(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 8.2 days(SRC). Tetrabromomethane's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Tetrabromomethane's volatilization is expected to be slow from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.72 mm Hg(1).

DRINKING WATER: Tetrabromomethane was detected (concentration not specified) in water from treated chlorinated seawater used for drinking at 2 oil platforms(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 2,703 workers (460 of these are female) are potentially exposed to tetrabromomethane in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tetrabromomethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tetrabromomethane is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to tetrabromomethane via ingestion of drinking water(2).

UNDER ANAEROBIC REDUCING CONDITIONS POLYHALOGENATED METHANES, CBR4, FORM COMPLEXES WITH FERROUS CYTOCHROME P450. CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTED AS A METABOLIC PRODUCT OF THE INTERACTION.|Carbon tetrabromide is metabolized in vitro to produce carbon monoxide but the in vivo significance has not been established.

Cardiac arrhythmia, possibly aggravated by elevated levels of catecholamines due to stress ... is suggested as the cause of these adverse responses, which may lead to death. /Fluorocarbons/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 l/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... Cover skin bumps with sterile dressings after decontamination ... /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the unconscious patient. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of cardiac irritability and fluid overload ... Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... /Halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/

ACUTE EXPOSURES TO HIGH CONCN CAUSE UPPER RESP IRRITATION & INJURY TO LUNGS, LIVER & KIDNEYS. CHRONIC EXPOSURE EFFECTS @ VERY LOW LEVELS WILL BE ALMOST ENTIRELY LIMITED TO LIVER INJURY. THE MATERIAL IS A POTENT LACHRIMATOR EVEN @ LOW EXPOSURE CONCENTRATIONS.|CNS DEPRESSANT IN HIGH CONCN.

carbon tetrabromide

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; lacrimation (discharge of tears); lung, liver, kidney injury; In Animals: corneal damage

Cough. Drowsiness. Lethargy. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, liver, kidneys

Methane, tetrabromo-: ACTIVE

GC CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE BROMIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE BLOOD. /BROMIDE/