Chromium trihydroxide

121.03

102.94900

215-158-8

1455

DTXSID0051651

Green, gelatinous precipitate

2819900000

60.69000

PelletsLargeCrystals; WetSolid

100ºC at 760mmHg

Solubility in water: none

Oral-Women TDL0: 100 mg/kg

Non-combustible; toxic chromium-containing fumes are produced in the fire;

Trivalent chromium compounds are amphoteric

Blue-green powder; practically insoluble in water, soluble in dilute mineral acids when freshly prepared, giving blue or green solution; becomes insoluble in acids on aging /Chromium trihydroxide trihydrate/|Shining, vitrous, jet-black particles /Chromium trihydroxide, hydrated/|Decomposes to chromic oxide by heat|Chromium forms a number of compounds in various oxidation states. Those of 2+ (chromous), 3+ (chromic) and 6+ (chromates) are the most important /Chromium, alloys and cmpd/|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for CHROMIUM TRIHYDROXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Treasury is low temperature, ventilated, dry; stored separately from food raw materials

P280, P305+P351+P338, P310

H318

Wastewater treatment sludge from the production of chrome green pigments is a poor candidate for incineration. /Chrome green pigments/|Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D007, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Chromium/|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for chromium: Concentration process: Biological Treatment. /Chromium/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for CHROMIUM TRIHYDROXIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A powerful oxidizer

Not combustible.

Not Classified| |Danger|H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P261, P272, P280, P285, P302+P352, P304+P341, P321, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, and P501

Respirator Recommendations: Up to 2.5 mg/cu m: /Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr); Chromium(III) compounds (as Cr)/[Table#5542]|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 5 mg/cu m: /Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr); Chromium (III) compounds (as Cr)/[Table#5543]|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 12.5 mg/cu m: /Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr); Chromium (III) compounds (as Cr)/[Table#5544]|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 25 mg/cu m: /Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr); Chromium (III) compounds (as Cr)/[Table#5545]|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for CHROMIUM TRIHYDROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Respiratory protection from chromium metal and insoluble chromium salts while fighting fires: self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Chromium metal and insoluble chromium salts/

The effects of sulfate, carbonate, silicate, phosphate, diphosphate, nitrate, iron(3+), nickel(2+), zinc(2+), copper(2+), & cadmium(2+) on the precipitation of chromium trihydroxide by neutralization was studied. In the absence of impurity ions the chromium trihydroxide coagulated readily at ph 7.5-10.5. Outside of the ph range stable colloids were formed. All the anions formed water-sol complexes with the chromium(3+) & made it more difficult to remove chromium trihydroxide by neutralization. At pH 10.5 the colloidal chromium trihydroxide was coagulated by 1 mg bivalent ion/L & 5 mg iron(3+)/L.|If chromium metal or insoluble chromium salts are spilled, the following steps should be taken: 1. Remove all ignition sources where metallic chromium has been spilled. 2. Ventilate area of spill. 3) Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. Liquid containing chromium metal or insoluble chromium salts should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. /Chromium metal and insoluble chromium salts/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level. ... In addition to respirator selection, a complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training /sessions/, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation /of the equipment/. /Chromium metal and insoluble chromium salts/|Control methods which may be effective include local exhaust ventilation, general dilution ventilation, & personal protective equipment. /Chromium metal and insol chromium salts/|Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothing should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed. /Chromium metal and insoluble chromium salts/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for CHROMIUM TRIHYDROXIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A powerful irritant of skin, eyes, & mucous membranes.|Eczematous dermatitis due to trivalent chromium compounds has been reported. /Trivalent chromium compounds/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m. /Chromium metal and insoluble salts, as Cr/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium(III) compounds, as Cr/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10-hour Time-Weighted Average: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium(III) compounds (as Cr)/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly , especially if powdered.

May cause mechanical irritation to the eyes.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

D007; A waste containing chromium may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Chromium/

D007; A solid waste containing chromium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Chromium/

highly

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Chromium trihydroxide (chromic acid) is a green, gelatinous precipitate. It is used as pigment, e.g. Guignet's green; in tanning industry; as a mordant, and as catalyst for organic reactions. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Fatal case was described involving 35-year-old woman who developed severe acidosis, massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, acute renal failure, and hepatic injury following ingestion of chromic acid (50 mL) and died 12 hours after ingestion. Postmortem liver biopsy revealed a fatty degeneration with chromium concentration 3.6 umol/g. The kidney, with chromium concentration 2.6 umol/g, had extensive necrosis and ischemic lesions. Changes in renal function among ferrochromium workers in a ferroalloy facility in China were investigated (exposed to chromium compounds such a sodium-chromate and chromium-hydroxide). The results of this study suggest that long-term exposure to chromium produces chronic renal injury, mainly involving the proximal tubule. A urinary chromium concentration of greater than 15 ug/g of creatinine can be proposed as a threshold dosage for nephrotoxicity, and gamma-glutamyl-transferase, NAG and alkaline-phosphatase are all early sensitive indicators of renal injury. ANIMAL STUDIES: There is no data available.

Chromium trihydroxide is subject to hydrolysis, precipitation and complexation reactions including dissociation of several Cr(III) species depending on pH(1). Between pH 6.8 and 11.5, chromium trihydroxide is insoluble and therefore no hydrolysis takes place(1).

BCF values of soluble chromium(III) for bottom-feeding bivalves (oyster (Crassostrea virginica), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), and soft shell clam (Mya arenaria)) range from 86 to 192(1). However, chromium trihydroxide is relatively insoluble between pH 6.8 and 11 (0.005 mg/L)(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 2 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of chromium trihydroxide (1308-14-1) may be 50-99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 109 workers (0 of these are female) were potentially exposed to chromium trihydroxide in the US(1).

The excretion & whole-body retention of various (51)Cr chromium compounds differed greatly in the rat & mouse. Thus, 7 days after the iv dose to mice, retained (51)Cr was 2% of Cr-EDTA, 20% of Cr-alloxantin, 40% of chromium chloride, & nearly 100% of chromium trihydroxide. There was high uptake of chromium trihydroxide in the liver.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|Emergency and supportive measures. 1. Inhalation. Give supplemental oxygen. Treat wheezing and monitor the victim closely for delayed-onset noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Delays in the onset of pulmonary edema of up to 72 hours have been reported after inhalation of concentrated solutions of chromic acid. 2. Ingestion. a. Diluted immediately with water. treat hemorrhagic gastroenteritis with aggressive fluid and blood replacement. Consider early endoscopy to assess the extent of esophageal or gastric injury. b. Treat hemoglobinuria resulting from hemolysis with alkaline diuresis as far rhabdomyolysis. Treat methemoglobinemia if it occurs. /Chromium/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for CHROMIUM TRIHYDROXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/CASE REPORTS/ An illustrative case is presented of a patient with a blood stained discharge from his nose, an ulcerating lesion on his nasal septum, who came to an eye, nose and throat clinic. An occupational history of the patient indicated a six-week work spell in a dusty factory where he works with 'sulfur' with or without a mask. On the basis of the results of biopsy and other tests, radiotherapy was started, but later discontinued in order to study the patient's working conditions. The source of the sulfur was the hexavalent sodium-bichromate in the mix used for manufacturing chrome pigments, chrome-oxide and chrome-hydroxide, which are green pigments in paint. The case illustrates the need for accurate checking of occupational history with, if necessary, the consulting physician getting first-hand information from the factory medical adviser, and the importance of the worker being informed of the right names of the substances with which he works.|/CASE REPORTS/ We report a 35-year-old woman who developed severe acidosis, massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, acute renal failure, and hepatic injury following ingestion of chromic acid (50 mL) and died 12 hours after ingestion. Postmortem liver biopsy revealed a fatty degeneration with chromium concentration 3.6 umol/g. The kidney, with chromium concentration 2.6 umol/g, had extensive necrosis and ischemic lesions. Erythrocyte chromium was 1903 umol at 3 hours declining to 865 mumol/L...|/SURVEILLANCE/ Changes in renal function among ferrochromium workers in a ferroalloy facility in China were investigated. The study was conducted on 84 men and 38 women workers exposed to ...chromium compounds such a sodium-chromate and chromium-hydroxide in the ferrochromium producing workplace of a ferroalloy facility. The mean duration of employment was 12.0 years for men and 11.5 years for women. Of the 122 ferrochromium producing workers, 31 had skin ulcers and ulcer scars, 56 had irritations and mucosal ulcers, and 13 had nasal septum perforations. No noteworthy abnormal changes were found in the chest X-rays, liver function tests and electrocardiogram. Urine chromium levels were found to be elevated in the exposed group, about 1.8 times those in the control group. In workers with urine chromium levels exceeding 45 micrograms/gram creatinine, urine levels of gamma-glutamyl-transferase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alkaline-phosphatase, glutamic-oxalacetic-transaminase (GOT), and lactate-dehydrogenase were significantly increased. For workers with more than 10 years of exposure, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, NAG, and GOT were elevated. However, in the chromium exposed workers, with the exception for the values of NAG, no significant differences were noted between two different employment time subgroups. The authors suggest that long term exposure to chromium produces chronic renal injury, mainly involving the proximal tubule. A urinary chromium concentration of greater than 15 micrograms/gram of creatinine can be proposed as a threshold dosage for nephrotoxicity, and gamma-glutamyl-transferase, NAG and alkaline-phosphatase are all early sensitive indicators of renal injury.

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Redness. Pain.

METAL FINISHING (CHROME PLATING, ALUMINUM ANODIZING, & OTHER METAL TREATING APPLICATIONS), 73%; CHEM INT FOR WOOD PRESERVATIVES, 23-25%; CHEM INT FOR CHROMIUM DIOXIDE AND OTHER, 4% (1981)

Material Recovery Facility|Chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH)3): ACTIVE