White lead

775.63200

777.90500

215-290-6

WDF96425HV

DTXSID9029641

White hexagonal crystals|White, amorphous powder

166.84000

-6.39000

6.14 g/cm³

400 °C (decomp)

333.6ºC at 760 mmHg

169.8ºC

Sol in acetic acid|Insol in water and alcohol; slightly sol in carbonated water; sol in nitric acid

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place.

Lead is derived from the decay of radon. /Inorganic lead/|Natural lead is a mixture of four stable isotopes: Pb-204 (1.4%), Pb-206 (25.2%), Pb-207 (21.7%) and Pb-208 (51.7%). Lead isotopes are the end-products of each of the three series of naturally occurring radioactive elements: Pb-206 for the uranium series, Pb-207 for the actinium series and Pb-208 for the thorium series. Forty-three other isotopes of lead, all of which are radioactive, are recognized.|Divalent lead has a strong affinity for inorganic ions containing oxygen (eg, carbonate) or sulfur (sulfide). Lead can also complex with electron rich ligands in many organic cmpd such as amino acids, proteins, and humic acid.

III

6.1

UN 2291

3

R20/22; R33; R50/53; R61; R62

S45-S53-S60-S61

OF9275000

T; N

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D008, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Lead/|Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.|... Ignites and burns fiercely in contact with fluorine.

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Lead and Lead Compounds are listed as reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens. /Lead and Lead Compounds/[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s101lead.pdf]

|Danger|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P281, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P314, P330, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 378 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H332: Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P271, P281, P304+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313, P312, P314, P405, and P501

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.|Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a dust mask type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) respirator. Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N99 (US) or type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Handle with gloves.|Eye protection: safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for LEAD HYDROXIDE CARBONATE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.|Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.|Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing dust. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for LEAD HYDROXIDE CARBONATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

May cause respiratory tract irritation. ... May cause skin irritation. May cause eye irritation. May be harmful if swallowed.

Permissible Exposure Limit: The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to lead at concentrations greater than 50 ug/cu m of air averaged over an 8-hr period. If an employee is exposed to lead for more than 8 hr in any work day, the permissible exposure limit, as a TWA for that day, shall be reduced according to the following formula: Maximum permissible limit (in ug/cu m)=400 divided by the number of hours worked in the day. /Lead, inorganic, as Pb/|The employer shall remove an employee from work having an exposure to lead at or above the action level on each occasion that a periodic and a follow-up blood sampling test conducted pursuant to this section indicate that the employee's blood lead level is at or above 60 ug/100 g of whole blood; and, the employer shall remove an employee from work having an exposure to lead at or above the action level on each occasion that the average of the last three blood sampling tests conducted pursuant to this section (or the average of all blood sampling tests conducted over the previous six (6) months, whichever is longer) indicates that the employee's blood lead level is at or above 50 ug/100 g of whole blood; provided, however, that an employee need not be removed if the last blood sampling test indicates a blood lead level at or below 40 ug/100 g of whole blood. ... The employer shall return an employee to his or her former job status: ... when two consecutive blood sampling tests indicate that the employee's blood lead level is at or below 40 ug/100 g of whole blood. ... The employer shall provide to an employee up to eighteen (18) months of medical removal protection benefits on each occasion that an employee is removed from exposure to lead or otherwise limited pursuant to this section. /Lead, inorganic, as Pb/|Permissible Exposure Limit: The employer shall assure that no employee is exposed to lead at concentrations greater than 50 ug/cu m of air averaged over an 8-hr period. If an employee is exposed to lead for more than 8 hr in any work day, the permissible exposure limit, as a TWA for that day, shall be reduced according to the following formula: Maximum permissible limit (in ug/cu m)=400 divided by the number of hours worked in the day. /Lead, inorganic, as Pb; Shipyard Employment/|The employer shall remove an employee from work having an exposure to lead at or above the action level on each occasion that a periodic and a follow-up blood sampling test conducted pursuant to this section indicate that the employee's blood lead level is at or above 60 ug/100 g of whole blood; and, the employer shall remove an employee from work having an exposure to lead at or above the action level on each occasion that the average of the last three blood sampling tests conducted pursuant to this section (or the average of all blood sampling tests conducted over the previous six (6) months, whichever is longer) indicates that the employee's blood lead level is at or above 50 ug/100 g of whole blood; provided, however, that an employee need not be removed if the last blood sampling test indicates a blood lead level at or below 40 ug/100 g of whole blood. ... The employer shall return an employee to his or her former job status: ... when two consecutive blood sampling tests indicate that the employee's blood lead level is at or below 40 ug/100 g of whole blood. ... The employer shall provide to an employee up to eighteen (18) months of medical removal protection benefits on each occasion that an employee is removed from exposure to lead or otherwise limited pursuant to this section. /Lead, inorganic, as Pb; Shipyard Empolyment/|For more OSHA Standards (Complete) data for LEAD HYDROXIDE CARBONATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH considers "Lead" to mean metallic lead, lead oxides, and lead salts (including organic salts such as lead soaps but excluding lead arsenate).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.050 mg/cu m /Lead/|Air concentrations should be maintained so that worker blood lead remains less than 0.06 mg Pb/100 g of whole blood.

National primary and secondary ambient air quality standards for lead and its compounds, measured as elemental lead by a reference method based on appendix G to this part, or by an equivalent method, are: 1.5 micrograms per cubic meter, maximum arithmetic mean averaged over a calendar quarter. /Lead and its compounds, as Pb/|Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Lead compounds are included on this list. /Lead compounds/

D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/

D008; A solid waste containing lead may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Lead/|The Environmental Protection Agency is ... /promulgated/ regulations concerning ground-water monitoring with regard to screening suspected contamination at land based hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. ... /There are/ new requirements to analyze for a specified core list of chemicals plus those chemicals specified by the Regional Administrator on a site-specific basis. ... /Total lead (all species) is included on this list./ /Total lead (all species)/

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.

Extent of occurrence of /lead/ in earth's crust is about 15 g/ton, also expressed as 0.002% (depth of crust: 16 km). Occurs chiefly as sulfide in galena, other minerals include anglesite (PbSO4), cerussite (PbCO3), mimetite (PbCl2.3Pb3-(AsO4)2) and pyromorphite [PbCl2.3Pb3(PO4)2)].|Occurs in nature as the mineral hydrocerussite

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4614 workers (1758 of these were female) were potentially exposed to lead hydroxide carbonate in the US(1).

Adult male dogs were given daily doses of 34.1 mg and 68.2 mg basic lead carbonate (white lead) for 60 days. Ratio of urinary lead excretion to total lead admin was very small; 0.24% and 0.09% respectively. 98.7% and 98.9% respectively of total lead admin was fecally excreted. Urinary and fecal excretions totalled 98.4 and 97.9% respectively. The highest concn was found in teeth and bones, followed by bone marrow, hair, and trachea.

The treatment of lead poisoning is based on the prompt termination of exposure and on the use of chelating agents. The first requirement is categoric. The second is determined by the severity of poisoning; at present, the greatest issue is whether a symptomatic patients should be treated or not. The most commonly used therapeutic chelating agents are CaEDTA, BAL, and D-penicillamine can be given ... . /SRP: DMSA should also be considered./ It is not easy to judge which method is superior. ... /Lead/|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Lead and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . /Lead and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Moderate hyperventilation (20 respiration per minute) may be beneficial for increased intracranial pressure. Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. For hypotension ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Lead and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for LEAD HYDROXIDE CARBONATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Excessive exposure can affect blood, nervous, and digestive systems. The synthesis of hemoglobin is inhibited and results in anemia. If left untreated, neuromuscular dysfunction, possible paralysis, and encephalopathy can result. Additional symptoms of overexposure include: joint and muscle pain, weakness of the extensor muscles (frequently the hand and wrist), headache, dizziness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, blue line on the gums, insomnia, and metallic taste. High body levels produce increased cerebrospinal pressure, brain damage, and stupor leading to coma and often death.|/CASE REPORTS/ An unexpected lead exposure occurred among a team of masons employed in restoration work of the facade of an 18th century church in Vicenza, Italy. The unusual case of lead intoxication (PbB up to 71 ug/dL, PbU-EDTA 8636 ug/24 hr after the first 1 g dose of Na2Ca EDTA) in a mason suffering from abdominal pain was reported ... The source was identified in the removal of an old paint made of white lead (basic lead carbonate) from the statues and decorative stonework of the church ...

hydrocerussite

Lead carbonate hydroxide (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2): ACTIVE|The Thompson-Steward process produces very fine particle-size lead hydroxide carbonate with a carbonate content ranging from 62 to 65% (vs 68.9% PbCO3, theoretical).|... One basic lead carbonate, lead dihydroxydicarbonate (2PbCO3.Pb(OH)2), containing 62-66% lead carbonate, is used commercially.