Dipotassium phosphate

174.18

173.888657

231-834-5

CI71S98N1Z

DTXSID8035506

C66452

White crystals|Colorless or white granules or powder

28352400

83.4

-0.05220

White Solid

2,44 g/cm3

340 °C

158ºC at 760 mmHg

H2O: 1600 g/L (20 ºC)

Store at RT.

LD50 orally in Rabbit: 8000 mg/kg

Between 8,7 and 9,4 (1 % solution)

Converted into pyrophosphate by ignition; somewhat hygroscopic|Hygroscopic

NONH for all modes of transport

3

36-35-22

22-24/25-36-26-45-36/37/39

TC8450000

Xi,C,T,F

Stable. Hygroscopic.

P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P332+P313, P362

H315

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Dipotassium phosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.|Dipotassium phosphate used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.|Potassium phosphates (mono-, di-, and tribasic) are indirect food additives for use only as a component of adhesives. /Potassium phosphates (mono-, di-, and tribasic)/

WHO; Diseases Caused by Phosphorus and Its Toxic Compounds; Early Detection of Occupational Diseases pg 53-62 (1986). Review of diseases and health related effects resulting from exposure to phosphorus or phosphorus cmpd.

|Danger|H315 (80.76%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P332+P313, and P362|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1119 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

LD50 not available. Toxic effects in humans: Irritated skin, eye. Gastro intestinal irritation with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort

Phosphate is minimally protein bound, and highly concentrated in cells (intracellular concentrations are 100-fold higher than serum concentrations). Concentrations of phosphate in plasma are higher in children than in adults.

Dipotassium phosphate is used in imitation dairy creamers, dry powder beverages, mineral supplements, and starter cultures as an additive. It is used in non-dairy creamers to prevent coagulation. Dipotassium phosphate is also used to make buffer solutions and it is used in the production of trypticase soy agar which is used to make agar plates for culturing bacteria.

CATHARTIC|Factors affecting calcium-phosphate solubility in parenteral nutrition solutions used in neonates were studied. Six neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions were prepared using either Aminosyn or FreAmine II and various amino acid and dextrose concentrations. Phosphorus (as mono- and dibasic potassium phosphate) and calcium (as 10% calcium gluconate) were added in concentrations of calcium 2.5-100 meq/l and phosphorus 2.5-100 mmol/l. Duplicate samples were prepared and analyzed either after they were heated in a water bath (37 °C) for 20 min or after 18 hr at 25 °C followed by 30 min in a water bath (37 °C). Precipitation was detected visually and spectrophotometrically, and pH was measured. Lipid emulsion was added to 2 FreAmine II solutions in a ratio of 7.5:1 (parenteral nutrition solution:lipid) and the resulting pH was measured. Time and temperature affected calcium-phosphate solubility in all solutions tested. Precipitation curves of amount of calcium versus amount of phosphate added were prepared for each solution. Amino acid and dextrose concentrations affected the pH of the solutions, and when a lipid emulsion was added, the pH rose more in the 1% than in the 2% FreAmine II solution. In selected solutions, as much as 120 mg/kg/day calcium and 55 mg/kg/day phosphate can be administered, approximating daily third trimester accumulation of these minerals. Use of the precipitation curves in this paper, with attention to their limitations, should aid in the safe delivery of calcium and phosphorus IV to neonates.|SALINE BULK CATHARTIC

Oral administration is safer, but careful monitoring of serum electrolyte levels and renal function is necessary. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur and may be dose dependent. Concomitant use of antacids containing aluminum and/or magnesium should be avoided, because they may bind phosphate and prevent it absorption (calcium antacids also may bind phosphate, and it is assumed that these agents are not given to hypercalcemic patients).|Phosphate should not be given to patients with impaired renal function or hyperphosphatemia. They should not be given to patients with alkaline urine due to urinary tract infections because increased calcium and phosphate concentrations in the alkaline urine increase the risk of calcium phosphate stones.|Intravenous administration of phosphates is dangerous. Hypocalcemia, hypotension and shock, myocardial infarction, tetany, and acute renal failure have occurred, and deaths have been reported. Deposition of calcium phosphate in the kidney, heart, lung, and blood vessels also may be fatal. For these reasons, intravenous therapy is not justified in the treatment of hypercalcemia. Phosphates should not be administered to patients with impaired renal function or hyperphosphatemia. They also should not be given to patients with alkaline urine due to urinary tract infections because increased calcium and phosphate concentrations in the alkaline urine increase the risk of calcium phosphate stones. Phosphate should be given as the potassium rather than the sodium salt because the latter causes volume expansion and inhibits phosphate reabsorption, thus negating the therapeutic effect. /Phosphate salt/|The most common adverse effect of phosphate salts is diarrhea. Patients with kidney stones may pass old stones when phosphate therapy is started and should be warned of this possibility. Phosphates are contraindicated in patients with infected stones and in those with renal function less than 30% of normal. /Orthophosphates/

Phosphate is a major intracellular anion which participates in providing energy for metabolism of substances and contributes to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in almost all organs and tissues. Phosphate exerts a modifying influence on calcium concentrations, a buffering effect on acid-base equilibrium, and has a major role in the renal excretion of hydrogen ions.

Substances that inhibit or arrest DENTAL CARIES formation. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed) (See all compounds classified as Cariostatic Agents.)|A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer. (See all compounds classified as Buffers.)

Potassium salts are well absorbed from gastro intestinal tract. Net phosphorus absorption may occur in the small intestine in some species but is primarily a function of the colon in horses.|Potassium is excreted primarily by kidney.|Distribution is largely intracellular, but it is the intravascular concentration that is primarily responsible for toxicity.|Phosphates are rapidly cleared by dialysis.|POTASSIUM SALTS ARE WELL ABSORBED FROM THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. ... POTASSIUM IS EXCRETED PRIMARILY BY THE KIDNEY. /POTASSIUM SALTS/|Net phosphorus absorption may occur in the small intestine in some species but is primarily a function of the colon in horses. /SRP: Phosphates/|/Ortho/ phosphate is absorbed from, and to a limited extent secreted into, the gastrointestinal tract. Transport of phosphate from the gut lumen is an active, energy-dependent process that is modified by several factors. ... Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption, an effect reported to precede its action on calcium ion transport. In adults, about two thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed, and that which is absorbed is almost entirely excreted into the urine. In growing children, phosphate balance is positive. Concentrations of phosphate in plasma are higher in children than in adults. This "hyperphosphatemia" decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and is hypothesized to explain the physiological "anemia" of childhood. /Phosphates/

Phosphate is a major intracellular anion which participates in providing energy for metabolism of substances and contributes to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions in almost all organs and tissues.

In healthy children with phosphate overdose, half-life was 4.8 to 10.6 hours, and was prolonged to 17 hours in a child with renal insufficiency.

Once phosphate gains access to the body fluids and tissues, it exerts little pharmacological effect. If the ion is introduced into the intestine, the absorbed phosphate is rapidly excreted. If large amounts are given by this route, much of it may escape absorption. Because this property leads to a cathartic action, phosphate salts are employed as mild laxatives.|Once phosphate gains access to the body fluids and tissues, it exerts little pharmacological effect. If the ion is introduced into the intestine, the absorbed phosphate is rapidly excreted. If large amounts are given by this route, much of it may escape absorption. Because this property leads to a cathartic action, phosphate salts are employed as mild laxatives. Inorganic phosphate poisoning following ingestion of laxatives that contain phosphate salts has been reported in adults and children. Ingestion of large amounts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate lowers urinary pH. If excessive phosphate salts are introduced intravenously or orally, they may prove toxic by reducing the concentration of Ca 2+ in the circulation and from the precipitation of calcium phosphate in soft tissues. /Phosphates/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 6 to 12 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. Cover the skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Early intubation, at the first signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of pulmonary edema. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic Bases/Alkaline Corrosives and Related compounds/

ACUTE POTASSIUM INTOXICATION BY MOUTH IS RARE BECAUSE LARGE SINGLE DOSES USUALLY INDUCE VOMITING & BECAUSE IN ABSENCE OF PREEXISTING KIDNEY DAMAGE, POTASSIUM IS RAPIDLY EXCRETED. /POTASSIUM SALTS/|SIDE EFFECTS OF /ORAL/ POTASSIUM SALTS MAY INCLUDE NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, AND ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT. /POTASSIUM SALTS/|CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF /ORAL/ POTASSIUM OVERDOSAGE INCLUDE PARESTHESIAS OF THE EXTREMITIES, LISTLESSNESS, MENTAL CONFUSIONS, WEAKNESS OR HEAVINESS OF THE LEGS, FLACCID PARALYSIS, COLD SKIN, GRAY PALLOR, PERIPHERAL VASCULAR COLLAPSE WITH FALL IN BLOOD PRESSURE, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, AND HEART BLOCK. /POTASSIUM SALTS/|/IN POTASSIUM POISONING/ RESPIRATIONS ARE INITIALLY ACCELERATED BUT SKELETAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS MAY ADVANCE TO STAGE OF PARALYSIS. /POTASSIUM SALTS/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

dipotassium hydrogen phosphate

68-70% AS A CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR ANTIFREEZE; 29-30% AS A BUFFERING AGENT FOR COFFEE CREAMERS; MINOR AMOUNTS USED IN PAPER PROCESSING, AS FERTILIZER, AS YEAST NUTRIENT, IN PHARMACEUTICALS, & AS CHEMICAL REAGENTS (1973)

INJECTION, 2 MEQ OF POTASSIUM ION AND 1 MEQ OF HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE ION PER ML WITH BENZYL ALCOHOL 0.9%; 30 ML VIALS; POWDER NATIONAL FORMULARY.|Grades: commercial; pure; highest purity; NF /National Formulary/; FCC /Food Chemicals Codex/|Solid and 50% active solution

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:2): ACTIVE|THE PROPERTIES OF /POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE/ ... DI-SALTS GIVE THEM EXCELLENT POTENTIAL AS FERTILIZERS, BUT HERETOFORE THEY HAVE RECEIVED SCANT ATTENTION BY THE INDUSTRY BECAUSE OF HIGH COSTS OF PRODUCTION.|... CAN INACTIVATE METALLIC IONS, WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF INTERFERING WITH NECESSARY FOOD-PROCESSING REACTIONS ... /INACTIVATION IS/ EITHER BY PPTN & REMOVING THEM FROM INTERFERENCE WITH DESIRED FOOD-PROCESSING REACTIONS OR BY COMPLEXING & MAINTAINING THEM IN SOL, BOUND STATE. /PHOSPHATES/

Food additives|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Cosmetics -> Buffering

Food Additives -> ACIDITY_REGULATOR; SEQUESTRANT; YEAST_FOOD;