Phosphoric acid

97.99520

98.00

231-633-2

E4GA8884NN

1008

80804

1805|3453

DTXSID5024263

C47670

Unstable orthorhombic crystals or clear syrupy liquid|Colorless, sparkling liquid or transparent, crystalline solid, depending on concentration and temperature. At 20 °C the 50% and 75% strengths are mobile liquids, the 85% is of syrupy consistency; the 100% acid is in the form of crystals.|Colorless viscous liquid|Thick, colorless crystalline solid [Note: Often used in an aqueous solution]

2809201900

87.57000

-0.9286

Transparent liquid

1.834 g/cm³ @ Temp: 18 °C

42.35 °C

158 °C(lit.)

n20/D 1.433

Miscible

Storage Room low temperature ventilation drying ,Separate storage with H Pore forming agent、caustic soda

Vapour pressure, Pa at 25°C:

3.4 (vs air)

ADI 0 to 70 mg / kg (total phosphate content in terms of phosphorus, FAO / WHO, 2001). GRAS (FDA, § 182.1073, 2000). LD501530mg / kg (rat, oral). In case of daily intake of 2 ~ 4 g, it can cause mild diarrhea. The amount of sour agent used as a cola drink is 0.02% to 0.06%.

Noncombustible Solid

Odorless

Acid taste

pH = 1.5 (0.1 N aqueous solution)

pK1: 2.15; pK2: 7.09; pK3: 12.32

PH: 2.0-2.2 /DETERMINED IN 1% SOLN AND IN 10-50% SLURRIES OF INSOL COMPOUNDS/|IT FORMS 3 SERIES OF SALTS: PRIMARY PHOSPHATES; DIBASIC PHOSPHATES; AND TRIBASIC PHOSPHATES.|Easily supercooled into a glass; Heat of formation (crystalline): -306.2 Kcal/mol; Heat of solution: +2.79 Kcal/mol.|Acid containing about 88% orthophosphoric acid will frequently crystallize on prolonged cooling, forms hemihydrate; becomes anhydrous at 150 °C, gradually changes to pyrophosphoric acid at about 200 °C; above 300 °C, metaphosphoric acid; hot concentrated acid attacks porcelain and granite ware.|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Soluble in water with small release of heat.

Acids, Weak

PHOSPHORIC ACID reacts exothermically with bases. May react with active metals, including such structural metals as aluminum and iron, to release hydrogen, a flammable gas. Can initiate the polymerization of certain classes of organic compounds. Reacts with cyanide compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases in contact with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides, and strong reducing agents. Forms explosive mixture with nitromethane. Reacts violently with sodium tetrahydroborate. In the presence of chlorides can corrode stainless steel to form explosive hydrogen gas. Emits toxic and irritating fumes of oxides of phosphorus when heated to decomposition [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1029].

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

Noncombustible Solid

Corrosive to ferrous metals and alloys

III

8

UN 3453 8/PG 3

3

R34

S7-S16-S26-S36/37-S45-S36/37/39-S1/2-S24/25

TB6300000

C

Dry. Well closed. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Ventilation along the floor.

Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions.

P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

H290-H314

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Technology appropriate for incineration: Rotary kiln.|Technology appropriate for incineration: Venturi scrubber.|Neutralization & landfill: Neutralize with soda ash or soda ash-slaked lime mixture (1:1) and bury in an approved landfill.

Reacts with metals to liberate flammable hydrogen gas.|With sodium tetrahydroborate: Interaction of sodium and other tetrahydroborates with anhydrous acids (phosphoric acid) to generate diborane is very exothermic, and may be dangerously violent with rapid mixing.|Heat generated with: Alcohols and glycols; Aldehydes; Amides; Amines; Azo-compounds; Carbamates; Caustics; Esters; Ketones; Phenols and cresols; Organophosphates; Epoxides; Combustible materials; Explosives; Unsaturated halides; And organic peroxides.|Formation of flammable gases with: Aldehydes; Cyanides; Mercaptans; and sulfides. Formation of toxic fumes with: Cyanides; Fluorides; Halogenated organics; Sulfides; And organic peroxides.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Phosphoric acid used as a multiple purpose GRAS food substance in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.|Phosphoric acid used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Environment Canada; Tech Info for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid (Draft) (1982)|WHO; Diseases Caused by Phosphorus and Its Toxic Compounds; Early Detection of Occupational Diseases pg 53-62 (1986). Review of diseases and health related effects resulting from exposure to phosphorus or phosphorus cmpd.|USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Mineral Acids (December 1993). The RED summarizes the risk assessment conclusions and outlines any risk reduction measures necessary for the pesticide to continue to be registered in the U.S.[Available from, as of July 19, 2011: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2016)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with incompatible substances. See Chemical Dangers.

|Danger|H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, and P501|H290 (18.49%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]|P234, P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P363, P390, P404, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 4266 companies from 51 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P363, P405, and P501|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P311, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided (when concentration is >1.6%) in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided (when concentration is >1.6%) within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. If contact with the material /is/ anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.|Goggles or face shield|Wear rubber gloves, and overalls prepared with a total seal.|Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Not combustible.

Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire.|If material /is/ involved in /a/ fire, extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.|If material /is/ on fire or involved in /a/ fire, extinguish fire using agent suitible for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray or fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Phosphoric acid, corrosive liquids N.O.S./

Flammable /hydrogen/ gas is formed on contact with metals.

Ventilate area of spill or leak. If in the solid form, collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner for reclamation or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. If in the liquid form, collect for reclamation or absorb in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material.|Cellosized absorbent material may be used for vapor suppression and containment of spills.|Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. Vapor knockdown water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment.|Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (slaked lime), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate. Adjust pH to neutral (pH-7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.|Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder. Neutralize with agricultural lime, crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|Ventilation control: acid cleaning: nature and extent of ventilation control required depends on rate of acid mist escape; where exposure ... mild ... addition of inhibitor may make process or slot ventilation unnecessary. Inhibitors should never be added to automatically timed conveyorized job without adjustment ... .|Phosphoric acid solution in water is used alone or with a mixture of alcohols and ethers, including butyl cellosolve, to remove light rust on steel ... If mists, fogs, or elevated temperatures are involved, ventilation control is necessary.|In presence of impurities in metals, nascent hydrogen may be generated which could lead to formation of phosphine gas. It is necessary to avoid inhalation of vapors coming from phosphoric acid metal cleaning tanks. Slotted local exhaust ventilation and upper edges of ... tanks ... recommended.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Phosphoric acid; Phosphoric acid, liquid; Phosphoric acid, solid; Phosphoric acid, solution/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Causes severe eye and skin irritation.|Phosphoric acid mist is an irritant to the eyes, upper respiratory tract, and skin. The solid is especially irritating to the skin in the presence of moisture ... A dilute solution buffered to pH 2.5 caused a moderate, brief stinging sensation but no injury when dropped in the human eye. A 75% solution will cause severe skin burns.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m.|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 1 mg/cu m; STEL 3 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted avg: 1 mg/cu m.|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 3 mg/cu m.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then wash away with plenty of water. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Dry. Well closed. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Ventilation along the floor.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause asthma-like reactions (RADS). Exposure could cause asphyxiation due to swelling in the throat. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on the eyes and the upper respiratory tract have become manifest. Inhalation of high concentrations may cause pneumonitis.

The substance may have effects on the upper respiratory tract and lungs. This may result in chronic inflammation and reduced lung function . Mists of this strong inorganic acid are carcinogenic to humans.

NO contact with incompatible materials: See Chemical Dangers

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Phosphoric acid was present at a relative concentration of 21.0% of organic constituents in chitin smoke from grilling/charring of some seafood. Chitin is the polysaccharide that forms the hard shell of crustaceans and insects(1).

Man: LDLo, route unreported at 220mg/kg Rabbit: LD 50, Route: Skin, Reported dose: 2740 mg /kg, Effects: Behavioral : somnolence ( general depressed activity), Excitement Rat: LC50, Route: inhalation, Reported dose: >850 mg/m3/1h Rat: LD50, Route: oral, Reported dose: 1530 mg/kg, Effects: Kidney, ureter and bladder hematuria, Behavioral: somnolence (general depressed activity)

TCLo inhalation human 100 mg/cu m

LC50 Rabbit inhalation 1.689 mg/L 1 hr|LD50 Rat oral 1530 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit skin 2740 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /A/ static open-system 96 hr acute toxicity test using Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish) /was conducted/. After a 1 wk stabilization period, the fish in four of the aquaria were subjected to increasing concentrations of each acid, so that a decremental pH series of 7.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.25 and 3.0 was established. A constant pH was maintained for each 96 hour period. The remaining aquarium remained at pH 7.5 throughout the testing regimen. The 96 hour LC50 for all acids was between pH 3.5 and 3.0. No mortality was observed until the pH reached 3.5. The data indicate that the contribution by the anions to fish toxicity is similar. Thus, the quantity (and its affect on pH) rather than the quality of the acids is the primary factor in fish toxicity. In behavioral studies also reported, lowered pH results in the bluegill becoming hypoactive with respect to swimming behavior.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The concentration of hydrogen ions which caused 50% mortality of bluegill in 96 hr was between pH 3.5 and 3.0 for sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. Therefore, it appears that any contribution by the anions of these acids to fish toxicity is similar. Thus, the quantity rather than the quality of acids is the primary factor in fish toxicity brought about by acid precipitaiton. At sublethal concentration of acids, bluegill became hypoactive with respect to their swimming behavior.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /A/ static open-system 12 hr acute toxicity test using Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex /was conducted/. Daphnids were exposed to various pH levels of phosphoric acids. ...The survival rate depends on the pH generated by the acid. EC50 = pH 4.6 (D. magna) and 4.1 (D. pulex).|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ /A/ static open-system 12 hr acute toxicity test using Gammarus pulex (Amphipod) /was conducted/. Amphipods were exposed to various pH levels of phosphoric acids. LC50 = pH 3.4. ...The same result was observed with Gammarus fossarum.|/PLANTS/ Plant foliage (peas, beans, beets, rape, and weeds) were destroyed by spraying with 15-20% phosphoric acid.

Chronic pulmonary disease: In persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of phosphoric acid dust or mist might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties. Skin disease: Phosphoric acid dust, mist, or solutions may cause dermatitis. Persons with pre-existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent.

... PHOSPHORIC ACID, IS A NATURAL CONSTITUENT OF MANY FRUITS AND THEIR JUICES.

Aquatic Fate: While acidity may be reduced readily by natural water hardness minerals, the phosphate may persist indefinitely.

UV-VIS spectra is pH-dependent /approximately 200 nm/ and therefore not environmentally important

When spilled onto soil, phosphoric acid will infiltrate downward, the rate being greater with lower concentration because of reduced viscosity. ... During transport through the soil, phosphoric acid will dissolve some of the soil material, in particular, carbonate-based materials. The acid will be neutralized to some degree with adsorption of the proton and phosphate ions also possible. However, significant amounts of acid will remain for transport. ... /If/ reaching the groundwater table, the acid will continue to move in the direction of groundwater flow. A contaminated plume will be produced with dilution and dispersion serving to reduce the acid concentration.

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of phosphoric acid is 1000 or greater; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|Inhalation of mist, ingestion, eye, and skin contact. /Occupational exposure/

Phosphoric acid is used in dentistry and orthodontics as an etching solution, to clean and roughen the surfaces of teeth where dental appliances or fillings will be placed.

Diluted phosphoric acid national formulary: it has ... been employed in lead poisoning and in other conditions in which it is desired to administer large amount of phosphate and at /the/ same time produce mild acidosis. It has been given in dose of 60 mL daily (5 mL/hr) under carefully controlled conditions.|Phosphoric acid is used ... to control the pH of the urinary tract in many animals, particularly in mink and cats, to prevent stone formation.|Medication (Vet): Has been used to treat lead poisoning.

Acid cleaning: acids such as sulfuric ... phosphoric, sometimes with chromic or hydrofluoric, are used in water solutions and their splash hazard and corrosive action on skin, clothing, and machinery are well recognized. Bubbles of hydrogen rising from bath carry invisible acid mist. ...|Splash contact of concentrated strong acids, such as ... phosphoric/acid/, ... can prove as, severely and devastatingly injurious to the eye as splashes of strong alkalies.

Transport of phosphate from the gut lumen is an active, energy-dependent process that is modified by several factors. ... Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption, an effect reported to precede its action on calcium ion transport.

Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc. (See all compounds classified as Dental Materials.)

Ortho phosphate is absorbed from, and to a limited extent secreted into, the gastrointestinal tract.|In adults, about two thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed, and that which is absorbed is almost entirely excreted into the urine.|Absorbed phosphoric acid is distributed widely in the body as phosphate. Increased serum phosphate concentrations have been reported rarely after phosphoric acid ingestion|Absorbed phosphate is filtered at the glomerulus and partially reabsorbed, with phosphate clearance 80 per cent of creatinine clearance.|The hygroscopic growth of phosphoric acid aerosol (diameter change > 0.5 micrometers) within the human tracheobronchial tree is modeled to investigate changes in deposition characteristics when compared to nonhygroscopic aerosols of identical preinspired size. Phosphoric acid particles are assumed to grow in a stepwise fashion to 99% relative humidity within conducting airways of the lung, having initially reached equilibrium at 90% relative humidity (T= 37 degrees) in the trachea. Deposition efficiencies for growth and no growth are calculated from theoretical equations for inertial impaction, sedimentation, and diffusion. The results show that neglecting the growth of an inhaled phosphoric acid aerosol may result in underestimation of the total deliverable dose by a factor of as much as 600-700%. Significant differences in regional deposition sites for hygroscopic or nonhygroscopic aerosols are predicted. Increased deposition efficiencies imply that measured physical properties (respirable fraction, aerodynamic diameter) of aerosols alone are not sufficient to assess deposition characteristics within the lung; hygroscopic growth must also be considered.|/Ortho/ phosphate is absorbed from, and to a limited extent secreted into, the gastrointestinal tract. Transport of phosphate from the gut lumen is an active, energy-dependent process that is modified by several factors. ... Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption, an effect reported to precede its action on calcium ion transport. In adults, about two thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed, and that which is absorbed is almost entirely excreted into the urine. In growing children, phosphate balance is positive. Concentrations of phosphate in plasma are higher in children than in adults. This "hyperphosphatemia" decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and is hypothesized to explain the physiological "anemia" of childhood. /Phosphates/|The level of inorganic phosphate in the blood is stabilized by exchange with the mineral deposit in the skeleton through the action of parathyroid hormone. This hormone inhibits tubular reabsorption of phosphates by the kidney and brings about demineralization of bone tissue through the action of osteoclasts. The amount of parathyroid hormone that enters the circulation is probably regulated by the calcium level of the blood.

In infants with normal renal function the serum half-life of phosphate following single oral or rectal overdose is 5-11 hours

Phosphate supplementation of the diet of rodents has been shown to lead to reduction in the incidence of dental caries and different phosphates have different powers in reducing the cariogenic potential of the carbohydrates in a diet. Phosphate supplements seem to exert their cariostatic effect on the tooth surface either directly during eating or by excretion in the saliva.

THE FOLLOWING CHEMICALS APPEAR AS IMPURITIES IN WET-PROCESS ACID-MERCHANT GRADE, PURIFIED WET-PROCESS ACID TECHNICAL GRADE, AND THERMAL ACID-TECHNICAL GRADE, RESPECTIVELY: CALCIUM MONOXIDE-0.06%, 0.005%, 0.01%; FLUORIDE-0.8%, 0.08%, <0.0001%; ALUMINUM OXIDE-1.7%, 0.01%, 0.0003%; IRON OXIDE-1.23%, 0.007%, 0.004%; MAGNESIUM OXIDE-0.58%, 0.003%, 0.0002%; POTASSIUM OXIDE-0.01%, 0%, 0.0007%; SODIUM OXIDE-0.12%, 0.0025%; SILICON DIOXIDE-0.07%, 0.1%, 0.0015%; AND SULFATE-2.2%, 0.2%, >0.002%

Burns on mouth and lips, sour acrid taste, severe gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, difficult swallowing, severe abdominal pains, thirst, acidemia, difficult breathing, convulsions, collapse, shock, death. (USCG, 1999)|Corrosives

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.

Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer immediately for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.

Irrigate eyes with water; wash contaminated part of body with soap and water; gastric lavage (stomach wash) taking care not to perforate the gastrointestinal tract, if swallowed.|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Studies on 15 students, who drank 2000-4000 mg of phosphoric acid in fruit juices every day for 10 days, and on 2 males who received 3900 mg of phosphoric acid every day for 14 days, revealed no observable change in urine composition indicative of a disturbed metabolism.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... 15 non-smoking adults aged 18-36 yr exposed to phosphoric acid aerosols. No airways irritation was reported at a concentration of 1.6 mg/cu m. 18% of subjects reported airways irritation at 7.2 mg/cu m and 82% at 11.0 mg/cu m.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In a study in which the daily basal diet of 4 men contained 450 mg calcium and 1400 mg phosphorus, supplementation with 750 mg phosphorus as phosphoric acid for 1 week resulted in a slight decrease in urinary excretion of calcium. When the treatment was continued for 12 weeks, there was a further decrease in urinary calcium excretion.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid) topically may irritate and injure the eyes, owing to its acidity, but systemically phosphate has no poisonous action on the eye. Tested on human eyes, 0.16 M orthophosphoric acid buffered to pH 2.5 caused moderate brief stinging sensation but no injury when applied as a single drop. A drop of the same solution adjusted to pH 3.4 caused no discomfort.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Concise etchant

Serious local effects by all routes of exposure.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; eye, skin, burns; dermatitis

Cough. Sore throat. Burning sensation. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing.

Redness. Pain. Blisters. Serious skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe burns.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

75% IN MANUFACTURE OF FERTILIZERS; 8% FOR MANUFACTURE OF AGRICULTURAL FEEDS; 11% FOR BUILDERS AND WATER TREATMENT (USED IN DETERGENTS, PRE-SOAKS AND CLEANSERS); 2.5% IN PRODUCTION OF FOODS, BEVERAGES, PET FOODS, AND DENTIFRICES; 1% IN DIRECT ACID TREATMENT OF METAL SURFACES; 2.5% FOR MANUFACTURE OF FIRE CONTROL AGENTS, ANTIFREEZE, CATALYSTS, DRILLING MUDS, AND PHOSPHORS, AND FOR REFRACTORIES, TEXTILES AND OTHER MISC USES (1973)|END USE PATTERN-DERIVATIVE: FERTILIZERS, 89%; ANIMAL FEEDS, 4%; DETERGENTS & WATER TREATMENT, 3%; FOOD & BEVERAGES, 2%; METAL TREATMENTS, 1%; MISC, 1% (1983)|Phosphoric acid. Diammonium phosphate, 20%; merchant shipments (for feed, industrial and blending applications), 10%; superphosphoric acid (SPA), 7%; monoammonium phosphate (MAP), 5.5%; triple-superphosphate (TSP), 4%; dry fertilizer exports, 41% (including 75% diammonium phosphate, 20% TSP, 5% MAP); SPA exports, 7.5%; phosphoric acid exports, 4%; miscellaneous, 1%.|Phosphoric acid. Diammonium phosphate 49%; superphosphoric acid, 15%; monoammonium phosphate, 10%; triple superphosphate, 8%; merchant shipments (including industrial and blending applications), 6%; phosphoric acid export, 5%; animal feed, 4%; miscellaneous, 3%.|Builders and water treatment, 15%; foods, 13%; metals, 17%; others, 55%. /Industrial-grade phosphoric acid/

Agricultural, technical (50, 75, 85, 90, 100%), food (50, 75, 85%), NF (85-88%), FCC (75-85%). (Polyphosphoric acid is sometimes called 115% phosphoric acid.)|WET-PROCESS ACID, MERCHANT GRADE, HAS MIN ASSAY OF 53.1%; PURIFIED WET-PROCESS ACID, TECH GRADE, HAS MIN ASSAY OF 54%; THERMAL ACID, TECH GRADE, HAS MIN ASSAY OF 54.32%|Reagent grade concentrated phosphoric acid is 85-87% (wt/wt) phosphoric acid (equivalent to about 17 M).|Formulation: liquid|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (45 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|Phosphoric acid: ACTIVE|Phosphoric acid is the most economical acidulant for carbonated beverages available.|Reagent grade concentrated phosphoric acid is 85-87% (wt/wt) phosphoric acid (equivalent to about 17 M). It appears to be as corrosive as sulfuric and hydrochloric acids.|Wet-process phosphoric acid (53-54% P2O5), commonly referred to as merchant grade, is the type most widely used as an intermediate in the production of phosphate fertilizers.|Second largest volume mineral acid produced, after sulfuric acid.|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Method: NIOSH 7903, Issue 2; Procedure: ion chromatography; Analyte: phosphoric acid; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 2 ug/sample.|Method: OSHA ID-165SG; Procedure: ion chromatography (silica gel); Analyte: phosphoric acid; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.25 ug/sample.|Method: OSHA ID-111; Procedure: ion chromatography (mixed cellulose ester membrane filter); Analyte: phosphoric acid; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.5 ug/mL.|Colorimetric methods may be used to detect 1-20 mg/L in water.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for PHOSPHORIC ACID (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

NIOSH Method 215. Analyte: Inorganic phosphate. Specimen: Urine. Procedure: Spectrophotometry. For inorganic phosphate this method has an estimated detection limit of 0.06 mg/ml/sample. the presision/RSD is 0.07 and the recovery is not given. The working range is 0.6 to 6 mg/mL for a 25 uL sample. Interferences: Arsenate and silicate will interfere at higher concentrations. Barium, lead, mercury, and silver can interfere by forming a precipitate. /Inorganic phosphate/

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Oxidants and Oxidant Stabilizers|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues|Food additives|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Food Additives -> ACID; ANTIOXIDANT_SYNERGIST; SEQUESTRANT; SYNERGIST; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Health Hazards -> Corrosives|Cosmetics -> Buffering

Food Additives -> ACID; ANTIOXIDANT_SYNERGIST; SEQUESTRANT; SYNERGIST;