Magnesium carbonate

84.31

85.98540

208-915-9

0IHC698356

0969

DTXSID4049660

Light, bulky, white powder

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

28369910

63.2

0.22240

White Solid

3.0 g/cm³

990 °C

Decomposes

169.8ºC

Index of refraction: 1.536 (alpha), 1.741 (beta)

H2O: 0.1g/L

Magnesium carbonate is stable in dry air and on exposure to light. The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place.

0 mmHg (approx)

Non-combustible; produces toxic fumes of magnesium-containing compounds in the fire

Odorless

HEATED ... MAGNESIUM BICARBONATE LOSES CARBON DIOXIDE & WATER & MAGNESIUM CARBONATE PPT. ... GENERALLY YIELDS LIGHT CARBONATE.|Heat of Formation = -1096 kJ/mol|Colorless to white crystals; density: 1.84 g/cu cm; MP: 165 °C (decomp); soluble in cold water (0.129 wt%) /Trihydrate/

No rapid reaction with air No rapid reaction with water

Carbonate Salts

MAGNESITE has generally low chemical reactivity. Non-flammable and non-combustible. Reacts with acids and acidic salts to generate gaseous carbon dioxide with effervescence (bubbling). The reaction may be rapid and exothermic with concentrated solutions of acids. The effervescence can create foaming. Incompatible with formaldehyde.

Noncombustible Solid

24/25-22

OM2470000

Warehouse low temperature, ventilated, dry

STABLE IN AIR

P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362

H315

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Acids, formaldehyde.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).|Magnesium carbonate used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.|The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl magnesium carbonate, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.|Antacid products for over-the-counter (OTC) human use. Magnesium carbonate /is included in/ this list of specific active ingredients.

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

Not Classified

In case of fire in the surroundings: all extinguishing agents allowed.

Skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for personal protective equipment for the body. Eyes: No recommendation is made specifying the need for eye protection. Wash skin: No recommendation is made specifying the need for washing the substance from the skin (either immediately or at the end of the work shift). Remove: No recommendation is made specifying the need for removing clothing that becomes wet or contaminated. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See protection codes)

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Permissable Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m (total dust).|Permissable Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m (respirable fraction).

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 10 mg/cu m (total particulate).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m (respirable fraction).

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.

Separated from acids.

A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

Lungs may be affected by repeated or prolongated exposure to dust particles.

Avoid inhalation of fine dust and mist. Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

During overdose, magnesium impairs neuromuscular transmission resulting in weakness and hypoflexia.

This study investigated the in vitro adsorption of halofantrine (Hf) by some antacids. Magnesium carbonate showed the highest adsorptive effect, the extent of adsorption being up to 83%. Only 4% of Hf adsorbed by the antacid could be eluted with 0.1 M HCl while no detectable elution occurred with water. Other antacids investigated were magnesium trisilicate and aluminium hydroxide and these had Hf-adsorption capacities of 23 and 43%, respectively. The effect of magnesium carbonate on the bioavailability of Hf was evaluated in seven healthy volunteers. The subjects were administered with 500 mg oral dose of Hf-HCl or the same dose of the drug in combination with 1 g of magnesium carbonate, in a crossover fashion. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time intervals and were analysed for Hf and its major metabolite, desbutylhalofantrine (Hfm), using high-performance liquid chromatography method. The results showed that magnesium carbonate significantly prolonged (P<0.05) the time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of Hf. Also the maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of Hf and Hfm were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a reduction in the area under the curve (AUC) values of Hf and this was as high as 56% (range 1-56%). Results of this study suggest that it may not be advisable to concomitantly administer Hf with an antacid like magnesium carbonate.|The use of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to bind phosphorus (P) in chronic hemodialysis patients has been a popular tactic in the past decade. Nonetheless, problems with hypercalcemia decrease its usefulness, particularly in patients treated with calcitriol. A P binder not containing calcium (Ca) would be of value in these circumstances. In short-term studies, ...magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) was well-tolerated and controlled P and Mg levels when given in conjunction with a dialysate Mg of 0.6 mg/dl. ...A prospective, randomized, crossover study /was performed/ to evaluate if the chronic use of MgCO3 would allow a reduction in the dose of CaCO3 and yet achieve acceptable levels of Ca, P, and Mg. We also assessed whether the lower dose of CaCO3 would facilitate the use of larger doses of calcitriol. The two phases were MgCO3 plus half the usual dose of CaCO3 and CaCO3 alone given in the usual dose. It was found that MgCO3 (dose, 465 +/- 52 mg/day elemental Mg) allowed a decrease in the amount of elemental Ca ingested from 2.9 +/- 0.4 to 1.2 +/- 0.2 g/day (P<0.0001). The Ca, P, Mg levels were the same in the two phases. The maximum dose of iv calcitriol without causing hypercalcemia was 1.5 +/- 0.3 ug/treatment during the MgCO3 phase and 0.8 +/- ug/treatment during the Ca phase (P<0.02). If these studies are confirmed, the use of MgCO3 and a dialysate Mg of 0.6 mg/dl may be considered in selected patients who develop hypercalcemia during treatment with iv calcitriol and CaCO3.|Effect of magnesium on iron and magnesium metabolism in rats was investigated. 96 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups received 2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 mg magnesium daily per kg of body weight--dissolved in 2%--solution of arabic gum (tests groups) or clear 2%--solution of arabic gum (test group) for 4 weeks and the next 4 weeks without supplements. Iron concentrations increased in the brain and kidney of the experimental rats, but decreased in the spleen, intestine and liver (2 and 4 weeks only) also in the heart and femur (only 8 wk). Percentage of iron retention decreased during the whole experiment. Magnesium concentrations increased in the spleen, liver and intestine of rats. It was shown that at 8 weeks of experiment the magnesium level of heart and femur decreased (only groups received 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg Mg/kg bw/24 hr), but in group received 10.0 mg Mg/kg bw/24 hr increased for all experiment. The apparent retention of magnesium increased in start of the experiment. This results show that oral magnesium supplementation disturbs metabolism of these elements, especially balance of iron.

30% of magnesium is bound to proteins.

MAGNESIUM CARBONATE OCCURS NATURALLY AS MAGNESITE, AND HAS 3 NATURALLY OCCURING HYDRATES; BARRINGTONITE, NESQUEHONITE, AND LANSFORDITE.|Magnesium is approx 2% of the earth's crust, eighth in elemental abundance, and widely distributed in the environment as a variety of compounds(1,2). Its concn is 1.8% and 1.6% in igneous and sedimentary rocks, respectively(2). In igneous rocks, magnesium is typically a constituent of the dark-colored ferromagnesium minerals (e.g., olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles, and dark-colored micas), along with other less common minerals(2). In metamorphic rocks, magnesium minerals such as chlorite, montmorillonite, and serpentine occur(2). Sedimentary rocks of magnesium include carbonates (e.g., magnesite and hydromagnesite), hydroxides (e.g., brucite), and mixtures of magnesium and calcium carbonate (e.g., dolimite)(2). Magnesium is also found in silicate minerals (e.g., olivine, serpentine, and asbestos)(1). Rocks and minerals contain a higher percentage of magnesium than do soils as a result of the loss of magnesium due to weathering(1). Magnesium chloride, with makes up 17% of sea salt(1) is released to the atmosphere as sea spray(SRC).

The production and use of magnesium compounds as refractories, as chemical intermediates, and in construction materials(1,2) result in their release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). The production and use of magnesium compounds in environmental applications and in agriculture(1,2) results in their direct release to the environment(SRC). About 69% of the magnesium compounds used in the United States were used for refractories (e.g., olivine)(1). The remaining 31% of magnesium compounds were used in agriculture as fertilizer or animal feed (e.g, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate), as chemical intermediates (e.g., magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide) , construction materials (e.g., magnesium oxide), environmental (e.g., magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide), and industrial applications (e.g., magnesium oxide)(1,2). Other uses include road dust and ice control (e.g., magnesium chloride), pulp and paper applications (e.g.,magnesium sulfate), pharmaceuticals (e.g., magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide), and cosmetics (e.g., magnesium carbonate)(1,2).

AQUATIC FATE: Natural water systems acquire magnesium through weathering reactions, which involve the interaction of water and atmosphere with the earth's crust and subsequent leaching of magnesium compounds into water. The Mg2+ ion is the predominant form of dissolved magnesium. However, some magnesium complexes do form. The magnesium sulfate ion pair complex (MgSO4) is the most significant complex present, representing 2.6% and 11% of the total magnesium content in fresh and sea water, respectively. The concentrations of bicarbonate and carbonate complexes are significant but considerably less than sulfate complexes. Incorporation of magnesium compounds into sediment is an important removal process. For example, a small amount of magnesium is ion exchanged for calcium on clay minerals in ocean sediment. Also small amounts of magnesium carbonate (about 6% of the magnesium supplied by rivers) are deposited with calcite (CaCO3) in seawater. There is significant uptake of magnesium (about 24% of the river input of magnesium) by sediment in which sulfate reduction is taking place(1). The avg Kd value for magnesium sorption on Po River sediments is 1.3 cu m/kg, which suggests that magnesium ions are weakly sorbed on sediments(2). High-temperature alteration of basalts at hydrothermal vents apparently constitute the most important sink for magnesium in seawater(1).

Used as an over the counter antacid.|FDA Label

THE CARBONATE ... /SALT/ OF MAGNESIUM /IS/ USED AS /ANTACID/, USUALLY IN COMBINATION WITH ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE.|ALTHOUGH 1 G CONTAINS APPROX 20 MEQ ONLY FRACTION MAY BE AVAILABLE FOR NEUTRALIZATION IN VIVO. USUAL ANTACID DOSE OF 500 MG TO 2 G MAY BE INADEQUATE|MEDICATION (VET): WHEN INSOL IN DIGESTIVE TRACT IT IS ANTIDIARRHEAL & COATS MUCOSAE; WHEN SLIGHTLY SOL FORM IS USED IT CAN BE AS LAXATIVE AS MAGNESIUM OXIDE. ... COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE COSMETIC GRADES EXIST FOR RARE USE AS TOPICAL PROTECTANT, MOISTURE & FAT ABSORBENT.|AS AN ANTACID, IT IS RELATIVELY WEAK (1 G NEUTRALIZES APPROX 7 ML OF 0.1 N HCL IN 10 MIN & 17 ML IN 2 HR).|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for MAGNESIUM CARBONATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

3= MODERATELY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 0.5-5 G/KG; BETWEEN 1 OZ & 1 PINT (OR 1 LB) FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).

Neutralizes acid in the stomach.

Chemicals that are used to oxidize pigments and thus effect whitening. (See all compounds classified as Bleaching Agents.)|Materials that readily absorb moisture from their surroundings. (See all compounds classified as Hygroscopic Agents.)

About 40-60% of magnesium is absorbed following oral administration. Percent absorption decreases as dose increases.|Primarily eliminated in urine.|Vd for magnesium is 0.2-0.4L/kg. About 50% distributes to bone.|Maximum magnesium clearance is directly proportional to creatinine clearance.|IN SHEEP TRIAL REAGENT GRADE MATERIAL DEMONSTRATED 72% TRUE ABSORPTION VALUES, WHILE COMMERCIAL MAGNESITE HAD ONLY 14% VALUE DRAMATIZING NEED FOR MORE BIOLOGIC AVAILABILITY STUDIES ON MANY FEED INGREDIENTS.

Magnesium does not appear to be metabolized in any way.

Half life of 27.7 hours reported with overdose of 400mEq of magnesium in an adult.

Magnesium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to form carbon dioxide and magnesium chloride thus neutralizing excess acid in the stomach.|... Rapidly reacts with hydrochloric acid to form ... carbon dioxide /and magnesium chloride/.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; cough Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. Other measures are usually unnecessary. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Magnesium and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Magnesium and Related Compounds/

anhydrous magnesium carbonate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.|inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; cough

Cough.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

GRADES: TECHNICAL, NF; FCC|MEDICINAL MAGNESIUM CARBONATE IS AVAILABLE IN LIGHT & HEAVY FORMS; THE LIGHT, WHICH IS 2 TO 2 1/2 TIMES AS BULKY AS THE HEAVY, IS MOST COMMONLY USED.|USP, reagent, technical, dense and light powder grades; ceramic grade; FCC grade; USP/NF grade in light and heavy powder|Powder containing 90% magnesium carbonate and 10% starch

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Carbonic acid, magnesium salt (1:1): ACTIVE|Carbonic acid, magnesium salt (1:?): ACTIVE|SRP: Magnesium carbonate hydroxide is a mixture of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate, commonly used as an antacid. It is not a specific chemical compound.|Acts as desiccant dust for stored-product insects.|... SOURCE OF OTHER MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS, BECAUSE OF ITS READY LIBERATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE, FORMING MAGNESIUM OXIDE, WHICH AS NOTED IS USED IN REFRACTORIES. AMONG ITS SEVERAL OTHER USES SIMILAR TO THOSE OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE, IT WAS USED TO MAKE FREE-RUNNING TABLE SALT, NOW REPLACED BY SODIUM SILICOALUMINATE.|Antacids are inorganic salts that dissolve in acid gastric secretions releasing anions that partially neutralize gastric hydrochloric acid. ... Magnesium carbonate contains the equivalent of 40-43.5% magnesium oxide.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Food additives|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Food Additives -> ANTICAKING_AGENT; BLEACHING_AGENT; COLOUR_RETENTION_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Cosmetics -> Absorbent; Binding; Bulking; Cosmetic colorant; Opacifying

Food Additives -> ANTICAKING_AGENT; BLEACHING_AGENT; COLOUR_RETENTION_AGENT;