General Situation of Green Chemical Technology and its Development in China

After hundreds of years of development, chemical engineering has now become one of the four basic projects, and the chemical industry has also become one of the basic industrial sectors of the world economy. However, with the development of the chemical industry, the problem of environmental pollution in the chemical industry has also received increasing attention. Today, when sustainable development has become the consensus of all mankind, people realize that the traditional chemical industry must be reformed to meet the requirements of sustainable development.

Fine chemical industry is the crown jewel of the modern chemical industry and a key driving force for the development of the chemical industry. The level of fine chemicals in a country often represents the overall industrial technology level of the country. In today's increasingly severe energy problem, the simple processing of fossil energy raw materials to produce primary chemical industrial products can no longer bring enough power to the development of enterprises. Therefore, the fine processing of petroleum and other fossil energy raw materials and the use of high-tech means to produce high-value-added chemical products are not only in line with the economic interests of enterprises, but also in line with the current trend of making full use of limited resources. Fine chemicals are the direction for the chemical industry to achieve structural transformation and industrial upgrading, and play a vital role in promoting the development of my country's industrial system.

However, while using fine chemical technology to increase the added value of products, it is extremely easy to pollute the environment at the same time. Therefore, environmental capacity issues often restrict the development of the fine chemical industry. Someone put forward the concept of "green fine chemical industry", thinking that the fine chemical industry must develop towards a "green" direction with low or even no pollution. The emergence of green fine chemical technology enables both high yield and low pollution.

1. General situation of green fine chemical industry and its development status in my country

1. Overview of green fine chemicals

Green fine chemicals refers to the use of more environmentally friendly treatment methods in the relevant production process of the chemical industry based on green environmental protection, thereby reducing the discharge of pollutants to a certain extent and achieving the effect of reducing environmental damage. Under the application of green fine chemical technology, industrial emissions can become green and harmless. At the same time, such production products can be recycled and reused in the future to reduce data waste. Compared with general chemicals, green fine chemicals have the following characteristics. First, green fine chemicals are harmless to the environment in terms of the choice of raw materials and product characteristics. Secondly, green fine chemicals can also improve the economic benefits of the industry.

2. Development status of green fine chemicals in my country

Traditional chemical technology has defects in many aspects, especially in the environment, which is extremely damaged, which not only causes a waste of resources but also affects people's quality of life. While the social economy continues to improve, competition within the industry is also becoming increasingly fierce. In order to create greater corporate benefits, fine chemicals are favored by the majority of corporate leaders. However, the disadvantages of uncompleted fine chemicals are obvious. The impact of environmental damage is quite deep. Under various reasons, it is urgent to conduct further application research of fine chemicals based on environmental protection concepts.

2. Green chemical technology and application

The application research on green chemical technology can be carried out from many aspects, and there are certain differences in the technical research involved in different directions.

1. Micro-chemical technology

Micro-chemical technology is mainly reflected in the improvement of some equipment, including satellite unit operating equipment, sensors, actuators, etc. The core of micro-chemical technology mainly refers to the combination of chemical production and micro-mixing, and the effective application of heat transfer technology . The disadvantage of Huizhou chemical technology is that it can accommodate a small volume, so it is also subject to certain restrictions on industry selection. Under normal circumstances, the pharmaceutical industry is more suitable for micro-chemical technology.

2. Green Catalytic Technology

Catalyst technology is a key technology in the chemical production process, which often determines the production cost, production difficulty and profit margin of the production process. The central idea of green catalysis technology is to reduce the by-products produced in the reaction process through the improvement and upgrading of the catalyst in the process, reduce the harm of the by-products to the environment, and increase the productivity. It is in the maximization of resources and the implementation of green fine chemicals. Concept.

Generally, catalysis technology can be divided into chemical catalysis and biocatalysis. At present, the commonly used biocatalysis technology in industrial applications refers to enzyme catalysis technology. Enzyme is a kind of protein that has a catalytic effect in organisms. It has strong catalytic activity and very mild reaction conditions, which greatly reduces energy consumption in the chemical production process. The application of enzyme catalysis technology can also greatly reduce the generation of pollutants in the chemical production process. Therefore, enzyme catalysis technology has a good application prospect in the popularization of green fine chemical technology. The chemical catalysis technology of green catalyst is mainly phase transfer catalysis technology. The application of this technology enables the reactants to undergo chemical reactions under the action of a catalyst in an immiscible two-phase system, and to increase the reaction rate of the original reaction. Under the action of the phase transfer catalyst, the energy consumption of the reaction can be significantly reduced, making the reaction conditions mild. At the same time, when using this kind of catalyst, side reactions can be effectively suppressed. Reduce the generation of by-products, improve the selectivity of the reaction, increase the reaction rate, and realize the greening of the fine chemical production process.

3. Supercritical fluid technology

At present, the supercritical fluid technology generally referred to in the scientific field generally refers to the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid technology. This kind of technology develops rapidly, has a good environment, and has a high degree of maturity. It has a very broad application prospect in fine chemical production. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology has been widely used in the field of separation and purification of active substances. As a reaction medium, supercritical carbon dioxide can effectively reduce the difficulty of the reaction, greatly improve the extraction effect, and is non-toxic, harmless and environmentally friendly. At the same time, supercritical fluid technology has also made remarkable achievements in the preparation of polymer synthetic materials, and has made huge breakthroughs in the production of nanomaterials and thin film materials. Therefore, as a key technology of green fine chemical industry, supercritical fluid technology has great application value and broad prospects.

4. Computer molecular simulation design technology

Computer molecular simulation design technology refers to the use of computers to simulate the synthesis, reaction, and purification processes of the molecular structure of new fine chemical products in the research and development stage in the chemical production process, combining the molecular properties, internal structure, and Production process and many other factors, find out the key factors that affect product quality and production efficiency in the fine chemical production process, and carry out targeted optimization and upgrades for the problems found through computer simulation, using the clean and green computer simulation design technology Features, to achieve clean and green production of fine chemicals.

5. Coupling technology

Coupling technology is a technology that couples different operation steps in the chemical production process together, so it can reduce chemical production equipment and its operation steps, material and energy transfer, reduce energy consumption, and reduce pollution. For example, reactive distillation is to mix the chemical reaction process and the distillation separation process in the same tower, thus reducing energy consumption and pollution. Coupling technology is conducive to saving resources, energy, reducing pollution, and even improving production efficiency. Under the premise of not affecting the efficiency of reaction and separation, it is best to use the same solvent and auxiliary agent for different reactions or reactions and separation processes, and the reaction and separation processes can also be effectively coupled.

6. Biochemical Technology

The most important feature of biochemical technology is the use of some basic characteristics of microorganisms for related fine chemical production. The products involved include chemical additives and daily use agents. In addition, biochemical technology can also produce some harmless basic chemical raw materials, and can also produce different pesticides for application in agriculture.

7. Membrane separation technology

Membrane separation technology has the advantages of low cost, low energy consumption, high efficiency, no pollution and recovery of useful substances. Membrane catalyzed reaction can be carried out in "super balance", which improves the selectivity of the reaction and the conversion rate of raw materials, saves resources and reduces pollution. Therefore, membrane technology will play an important role in green chemistry. Argonne has developed a new method for synthesizing high-purity lactate from carbohydrates. It uses membrane separation technology to achieve the selective separation of ammonium ions and alcohols such as water and ethanol. Compared with the previous method, it reduces a lot of Of saline wastewater. It has the characteristics of low energy consumption, high efficiency, good selectivity, and low pollution.

8. Electrochemical synthesis technology

The core idea of electrochemical synthesis technology is to rely on the transfer of electrons to achieve clean production in electrochemical reactors. Electrochemical synthesis technology is a common technology of green fine chemical technology. The main methods include fuel cell method, sacrificial anode electrochemical synthesis method, and SPE method organic electrochemical synthesis. The application of these electrochemical synthesis technologies can effectively improve reaction efficiency, reduce reaction by-products, reduce the generation of pollutants in the reaction, and realize clean and green production of fine chemicals.

3. The development trend and prospect of green chemical technology

1. The development trend of green chemical technology

Today's huge global crisis can be reflected in the shortage of resources. In order to respond more effectively to the slogan of sustainable development, the development of green chemical technology will inevitably be further promoted. With the continuous increase of the world's total population, the future of green chemical technology also needs continuous improvement in environmental protection and energy saving. Since the role of catalysts is inseparable in many chemical reactions, in-depth research on catalytic technology is also a trend in the future development of green chemical technology.

2. Prospects of Green Chemical Technology

While the development of fine chemicals creates material wealth and improves the quality of life of the people, it has caused great damage and consumption of the environment and resources on which mankind depends for survival. It needs our attention. Green fine chemical technology uses green raw materials and adopts environmentally friendly design and production methods to produce high-quality green fine chemicals, so as to achieve the goal of atomic economy, "zero emission", and sustainable development of fine chemicals.