Biliary inflammation mainly characterized by inflammation of the bile duct is called cholangitis, and mainly characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder is called cholecystitis. The two often occur simultaneously, and their etiology, pathogenesis, and pathological changes are roughly the same. They are mostly caused by secondary bacterial infection (mainly Escherichia coli, paracolon, and Staphylococcus aureus, etc.) on the basis of bile stasis. Bacteria can reach the bile duct through the lymphatic or blood ducts, or they can enter the bile duct from the intestine through the duodenal papilla in a retrograde manner. The latter is more common in my country. It can be divided into two types: acute and chronic.