Cholelithiasis is the most common lesion in the biliary system. Depending on the location, there may be gallbladder stones, primary or secondary common bile duct stones, extrahepatic bile duct stones or intrahepatic bile duct stones. However, in clinical practice, stones in a single location are possible but not common, and stones in several locations often coexist in the same patient. Most gallstones in patients with cholelithiasis in Europe and the United States occur in the gallbladder, and only a few cases (10% to 25%) are primary in the bile duct. However, in East Asia and Southeast Asian countries, including my country, especially in my country's vast coastal areas, most gallstones (50% to 90%) are primary bile pigment stones in the bile duct. Gallstones in different locations generally have obvious differences in shape, size and composition, so it can be inferred that the mechanism of their formation is also different, and their clinical symptoms and pathological manifestations will also vary from person to person.