Tuberculous meningitis is the most serious type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and the main cause of death from tuberculosis in children. It often occurs within one year of initial tuberculosis infection, especially within 3 to 6 months of initial tuberculosis infection. Due to the widespread vaccination of BCG and the development of tuberculosis prevention and control, its incidence has been significantly reduced. However, due to the unbalanced development of prevention and control work, this disease is still common in some areas, and most of the patients found are still in the late stage. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the law of its occurrence and development, early diagnosis and reasonable treatment to reduce mortality and sequelae.