This product is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive cocci is similar to or slightly worse than that of the first-generation cephalosporins, but it is quite stable against beta-lactamase produced by Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacilli. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, Enterococci and Listeria are resistant, and other positive cocci (including anaerobic cocci) are sensitive to this product. Its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus is worse than that of cefazolin. 1-2 mg/L can inhibit all Staphylococcus aureus that are sensitive and resistant to penicillin, respectively. It has strong antibacterial activity against Haemophilus influenzae, and Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, etc. may be sensitive to this product; indole-positive Proteus, Citrobacter and Acinetobacter have poor sensitivity to this product, most Serratia are resistant, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Campylobacter and Bacteroides fragilis are resistant to this product. Its mechanism of action is to bind to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) on the bacterial cell membrane, acylate the transpeptidase, inhibit the synthesis of the bacterial septum and cell wall, affect the cross-linking of the cell wall mucopeptide components, inhibit cell division and growth, elongate the bacterial morphology, and finally dissolve and die.

It has a strong alkaline group and can combine with the strongly acidic heparin in the body to form a stable complex; its direct antagonistic effect causes heparin to lose its anticoagulant activity; it can decompose the binding of heparin and antithrombin III, thereby eliminating its anticoagulant effect; it has a mild antithrombin prokinase effect.

Used to make a solution isotonic

It has a strong alkaline group, which can combine with the strongly acidic heparin in the body to form a stable complex, causing heparin to lose its anticoagulant activity; it can decompose the combination of heparin and antithrombin III, thereby eliminating its anticoagulant effect; it also has a mild antithrombin prokinase effect.

Used to adjust the solution to isotonic state.

Ticlopidine is a platelet aggregation inhibitor that has a strong and lasting inhibitory effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation (including phase I and phase II aggregation). In addition, it can reduce fibrinogen concentration and blood viscosity, and increase the filtration rate of whole blood and red blood cells.

Acts on dihydrofolate synthase, interfering with the first step in the synthesis of folic acid

Selectively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, the second step in folate anabolism

Sulfadimethoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) have synergistic antibacterial or bactericidal effects, because sulfa drugs act on dihydrofolate synthase, interfering with the first step of folic acid synthesis, while trimethoprim acts on the second step of folic acid anabolism, selectively inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase. Therefore, the combination of the two can double-block the folic acid metabolism of bacteria. The synergistic antibacterial effect of the two is enhanced compared to the use of a single drug, and the number of drug-resistant strains is reduced.

Sulfadimethoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) have synergistic antibacterial or bactericidal effects, because sulfa drugs act on dihydrofolate synthase, interfering with the first step of folic acid synthesis, while trimethoprim acts on the second step of folic acid anabolism, selectively inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase. Therefore, the combination of the two can double-block the folic acid metabolism of bacteria. The synergistic antibacterial effect of the two is enhanced compared to the use of a single drug, and the number of drug-resistant strains is reduced.