Glucose and Sodium Chloride Injection

Glucose is one of the main sources of calories for the human body. Sodium and chloride are important electrolytes in the body, mainly present in extracellular fluid, and play a very important role in maintaining the normal volume and osmotic pressure of blood and extracellular fluid in the human body.

This product is a compound preparation containing glucose and sodium chloride.

Replenish heat energy and body fluids. Used for insufficient food intake or large amount of body fluid loss caused by various reasons.

The usage and dosage of glucose and sodium chloride should be considered at the same time. 1. Usage and dosage of glucose 1. Supplementing heat energy When patients eat less or cannot eat for some reason, they can generally be given 10% to 25% glucose injection intravenous drip, and at the same time replenish body fluids. The amount of glucose is calculated based on the required heat energy. 2. Total intravenous nutrition therapy Glucose is the most important energy supply substance for this therapy. In non-protein heat energy, the ratio of glucose to fat heat supply is 2:1. The specific dosage is determined by the clinical heat requirement. According to the need for fluid replacement, glucose can be prepared into different concentrations of 25% to 50%, and insulin can be added if necessary. For every 5 to 10g of glucose, 1 unit of regular insulin is added. Since this product often uses hypertonic solution, it is more irritating to the veins and requires infusion of fat emulsion, so generally deeper large veins are selected, such as the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein. 3. Hypoglycemia, severe cases can be given 20 to 40ml of 50% glucose injection intravenously. 4. Starvation ketosis, severe cases should be treated with intravenous drip of 5% to 25% glucose injection, and 100g of glucose per day can basically control the condition. 5. Dehydration: Isotonic dehydration is treated with intravenous drip of 5% glucose injection. 6. Hyperkalemia should be treated with 10% to 25% injection, and 1 unit of regular insulin should be added for every 2 to 4g of glucose to reduce serum potassium concentration. However, this therapy only allows extracellular potassium ions to enter the cells, and the total potassium content in the body remains unchanged. If potassium excretion measures are not taken, hyperkalemia may still occur again. 7. Tissue dehydration: Rapid intravenous injection of 20 to 50ml of hypertonic solution (generally 50% glucose injection). However, the effect is short-lived. In clinical practice, attention should be paid to preventing hyperglycemia, and it is rarely used at present. When used to adjust the osmotic pressure of peritoneal dialysis fluid, 20ml of 50% glucose injection, i.e. 10g of glucose, can increase the osmotic pressure of 1L peritoneal dialysis fluid by 55mOsm/kgH2O. That is, for every 1% increase in glucose concentration in the dialysate, the osmotic pressure increases by 5mOsm/kgH2O. 2. Usage and Dosage of Sodium Chloride 1. Hypertonic Dehydration During hypertonic dehydration, the osmotic concentration of the patient's brain cells and cerebrospinal fluid increases. If the treatment causes the plasma and extracellular fluid sodium concentration and osmotic concentration to drop too quickly, brain edema may occur. Therefore, it is generally believed that within the first 48 hours of treatment, the plasma sodium concentration should not drop by more than 0.5mmol/L per hour. If the patient is in shock, sodium chloride injection should be given first, and colloid should be supplemented as appropriate. When the shock is corrected, the blood sodium is 155mmol/L, and the plasma osmotic concentration is 350mOsm/L, 0.6% hypotonic sodium chloride injection can be given. When the plasma osmotic concentration is <330mOsm/L, 0.9% sodium chloride injection should be used instead. The total amount of fluid replacement is calculated according to the following formula for reference: Required fluid replacement (L) = [blood sodium concentration (mmol/L) - 142] × 0.6 × body weight (kg) blood sodium concentration (mmol/L) Generally, half of the amount is replenished on the first day, and the remaining amount is replenished within the next 2 to 3 days, and adjusted as appropriate according to cardiopulmonary and renal function. 2. Isotonic dehydration principle: Isotonic solution is given, such as 0.9% sodium chloride injection or compound sodium chloride injection, but the chloride concentration of the above solution is significantly higher than that of plasma. Large-scale use alone can cause hyperchloremia, so 0.9% sodium chloride injection and 1.25% sodium bicarbonate or 1.86% (1/6M) sodium lactate can be prepared in a ratio of 7:3 and then replenished. The latter has a chloride concentration of 107mmol/L and can correct metabolic acidosis. The amount of replenishment can be calculated according to body weight or hematocrit for reference. ① Calculated by body weight: fluid replacement (L) = (weight loss (kg) x 142) / 154; ② Calculated by hematocrit: fluid replacement (L) = (actual hematocrit - normal hematocrit x body weight (kg) x 0.2) / normal hematocrit. Normal hematocrit is 48% for men and 42% for women. 3. Hypotonic dehydration In severe hypotonic dehydration, the solutes in brain cells decrease to maintain cell volume. If the treatment causes the plasma and extracellular fluid sodium concentration and osmotic concentration to rise rapidly, brain cell damage may occur. It is generally believed that when blood sodium is lower than 120mmol/L, the treatment causes the blood sodium to rise at a rate of 0.5mmol/L per hour, not exceeding 1.5mmol/L per hour. When blood sodium is lower than 120mmol/L or when central nervous system symptoms occur, 3% to 5% sodium chloride injection can be given slowly by drip. It is generally required to increase the blood sodium concentration to above 120mmol/L within 6 hours. Sodium supplement amount (mmol/L) = [142-actual blood sodium concentration (mmol/L)] x body weight (kg) x 0.2. When blood sodium rises to above 120-125mmol/L, isotonic solution can be used instead or hypertonic glucose injection or 10% sodium chloride injection can be added to isotonic solution as appropriate. 4. For alkalosis, 0.9% sodium chloride injection or compound sodium chloride injection (Ringer's solution) 500-1000ml is given, and the dosage is determined according to the alkalosis condition.

1. Excessive and rapid infusion can cause water and sodium retention, resulting in edema, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, chest tightness, dyspnea, and even acute left heart failure. 2. Improper administration of hypertonic sodium chloride can cause hypernatremia. 3. Excessive and rapid administration of hypotonic sodium chloride can cause hemolysis, cerebral edema, etc. 4. Phlebitis: occurs when hypertonic glucose injection is infused. The incidence of phlebitis decreases when a large vein is used for infusion. 5. Extravasation of high-concentration solution injection can cause local swelling and pain. 6. Reactive hypoglycemia: occurs when insulin is used excessively, the original tendency to hypoglycemia, and total intravenous nutrition therapy is suddenly stopped. 7. Hyperglycemic non-ketotic coma: often seen in patients with diabetes, stress, use of large doses of glucocorticoids, and uremia peritoneal dialysis patients who are given hypertonic glucose solution and total intravenous nutrition therapy intraperitoneally. 8. Electrolyte imbalance: hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypophosphatemia are prone to occur when glucose is simply supplemented for a long time.

1. Patients with brain, kidney and heart dysfunction; 2. Patients with low plasma protein; 3. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes and ketoacidosis; 4. Patients with hyperosmotic dehydration; 5. Patients with hyperglycemia and non-diabetic hyperosmotic state.

Precautions for children: The amount and speed of fluid replacement should be strictly controlled. Precautions for pregnancy and lactation: Not yet clear. Precautions for the elderly: The amount and speed of fluid replacement should be strictly controlled.

Keep tightly closed.

500ml: Glucose 25g, Sodium chloride 4.5g

24 months.

Changshu Leiyunshang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

• Founded in:

  1998-10-09

• Address:

  No. 90 Shenzhen Road, Changshu City, Suzhou

• Tax NO.:

  913205817036728233

• Registered Funds:

  53.2 million yuan

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