Principle of chemiluminescence test in blood testing

With the continuous development of social economy and the increasing frequency of population movement, health issues have become a concern for everyone. Generally, the most common test is blood test. Many problems can be detected through blood. Now let's take a look at what role does the chemiluminescence reagent luminol play in blood testing?

Luminol will only emit light after being treated with an oxidant. Generally, a mixed aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and a hydroxide base is used as an activator. Under the catalysis of iron compounds, hydrogen peroxide decomposes into oxygen and water:

Potassium ferricyanide is often used as the source of catalyst iron in the laboratory, while the catalyst in forensic medicine happens to be the iron in hemoglobin. Enzymes in many biological systems can also catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

When luminol reacts with hydroxide, a double negative ion (Dianion) is formed, which can be oxidized by oxygen generated by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, and the product is an organic peroxide. The peroxide is very unstable and immediately decomposes oxygen to generate excited 3-aminophthalic acid. In the transition from the excited state to the ground state, the released energy exists in the form of photons with a wavelength in the blue part of visible light. It can also be detected when a drop of blood is mixed with 999 drops of water. However, it also reacts with other oxidizing substances, but the displayed color and the length of time for color development are different.

Luminol and its derivatives are redox chemiluminescent reagents, which can be oxidized by a variety of oxidants, such as H2O2, K2S2O8, etc. under alkaline conditions, to cause chemiluminescence reactions. Luminol series has the characteristics of rapid response and high luminous efficiency. Its application fields involve medical analysis, food, material testing, environmental monitoring, etc. In biology, luminol is used to detect copper, iron and cyanide in cells The presence. The luminol reaction is a classic chemiluminescence reaction. Unlike fluorescence, the source of luminescence is the excited state intermediate produced in the chemical reaction, which releases blue light when it returns to the ground state. Luminol reacts with hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants in an alkaline environment to obtain luminescent intermediates. This reaction usually requires the catalysis of transition metal salts. For example, the catalyst can be iron, copper or cobalt. When it is used to detect blood stains, the iron in the blood is used to catalyze the reaction. It is easily soluble in lye, soluble in dilute acid, almost insoluble in water, and hardly soluble in alcohol. Neutral or slightly acidic solutions show strong bright blue fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light.

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