Liraglutide anti-diabites USFDA approved

Liraglutide is a transparent, colorless solution. The dosage form is subcutaneous injection. After more than 10 years of research and development, Lilalutide has many functions such as promoting islet cell regeneration, reducing blood sugar, weight loss and protecting the cardiovascular system. The trade name Victoza is used to treat type 2 diabetes, and the trade nameis used to treat chronic obesity as a supplement to diet control and physical training. Liraglutide is an acylated human glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist with 97% amino acid sequence homology with endogenous human GLP-1 (7-37), retaining all the biological activity of GLP-1 and exhibiting GLP-1 receptor agonist activity. By expressing recombinant DNA in brewing yeast, its molecular structure differs from natural GLP-1 molecules by only one amino acid. The structure only modifies GLP-1 in two parts: the 34th lysine is replaced by arginine, and a glutamic acid mediated 16 carbon palmitoyl fatty acid side chain is added to the 26th lysine. The mechanism of action of liraglutide is similar to endogenous GLP-1, which binds and activates the GLP-1 receptor - a cell surface receptor Chemicalbook that can activate adenylate cyclase through excitatory G protein Gs coupling. Endogenous GLP-1 has a half-life of 1.5 to 2 minutes and is easily degraded by two widely present endogenous enzymes, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and neutral endonuclease (NEP). Compared to natural GLP-1, liraglutide is more stable, with a plasma half-life of 13 hours after subcutaneous administration. This half-life change is attributed to the modification of the structure of liraglutide. Due to the presence of fatty acid side chains, on the one hand, the hydrophobicity of palmitic acid self forms into a heptamer, slowing down the absorption at the subcutaneous injection site; On the other hand, after absorption into the bloodstream, it increases its binding with plasma albumin, forming a slow release reservoir that temporarily avoids contact with endogenous enzymes and slows down release, prolonging the absorption and distribution time in the body, and significantly prolonging the half-life compared to natural GLP-1. Drug interaction with liraglutide can cause delayed gastric emptying time, which may affect the absorption of oral medications taken simultaneously. In clinical pharmacology trials, liraglutide did not affect the absorption of the tested oral drug in terms of clinical relevance. Nevertheless, monitoring the potential consequences of delayed absorption of oral medications taken simultaneously