Phosphorus oxychloride

153.33

153.33

233-046-7

9XM78OL22K

0190

1810

DTXSID5029710

Clear, colorless to yellow, oily liquid [Note: A solid below 34 degrees F].|Mobile, fuming liquid

2812102000

17.1

1.26

Colorless Liquid

1.645 g/cm³ @ Temp: 25 °C

1.25 °C

105.8 °C

105.8°C

1.453

H2O: reacts exothermically;Phosphorus(V) oxychloride is soluble in many organic solvents.

Store below +30°C.

104 mm Hg ( 50 °C)

5.3 (vs air)

Oral-Rat LD50: 380 mg/kg

It will explode in the heat of water, and emit toxic chloride and phosphorus oxide gas

POOR STIRRING DURING FORMYLATION OF 2,5-DIMETHYLPYRROLE WITH THE PREFORMED COMPLEX OF DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE WITH PHOSPHORYL CHLORIDE CAUSED ERUPTION OF FLASK CONTENTS. REACTION OF COMPLEX WITH LOCAL EXCESS OF PYRROLE MAY HAVE BEEN INVOLVED.

Pungent & musty odor

Ratio of specific heats of vapor (gas): 1.290 Cv/Cp (est)|Heat of formation = -597.1 kJ/mol|Very reactive to nucleophiles, hydrolyzed rapidly by water at room temperature|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 4X10-14 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C

Fumes in air. Reacts exothermically (with possible spattering) with water to form fumes of phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. Phosphorus oxychloride reacts vigorously with water to generate gaseous HCl. Based on a scenario where the chemical is spilled into an excess of water (at least 5 fold excess of water), half of the maximum theoretical yield of Hydrogen Chloride (hydrochloric acid) gas will be created in 0.12 minutes. Experimental details are in the following: "Development of the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Distances for the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook", ANL/DIS-09-2, D.F. Brown, H.M. Hartmann, W.A. Freeman, and W.D. Haney, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, June 2009.

Acyl Halides, Sulfonyl Halides, and Chloroformates

Water-Reactive

PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE is water reactive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, bases (including amines). May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291]. Combining the chloride with zinc dust caused immediate ignition, due to the formation of phosphine gas which ignites, [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 8, 1025]. An exotherm starting with the mixing of phosphorus oxychloride with acetone (a ketone) lead to an explosion, may behave similarly with other ketones, [Organic Process Research and Development, Vol.4, No. 6,200, "Phosphorus Oxychloride and Acetone: An Incompatibility Investigation Using ARC."]

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

Noncombustible Liquid, but may set fire to combustible materials.

The vapour is heavier than air.

PRODUCTS OF ITS REACTION WITH WATER RAPIDLY CORRODE STEEL & MOST METALS

97 BTU/LB= 54 CAL/G= 2.3X10+5 JOULES/KG

Critical temperature: 331.8 °C

II

8

UN 1810 8/PG 2

1

14-22-26-29-35-48/23-25

26-45-7/8-36/37/39

TH4897000

T+,C

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from alkali

Stable. Reacts violently with water. Incompatible with many metals, alcohols, amines, phenol, DMSO, strong bases.

P260-P280-P301 + P310 + P330-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P403 + P233

H300 + H330-H314-H372

Principles and methods for destruction of chemical weapons: ... "Destruction of chemical weapons" means a process by which chemicals are converted in an essentially irreversible way to a form unsuitable for production of chemical weapons, and which in an irreversible manner renders munitions and other devices unusable as such. ... Each ... /nation/ shall determine how it shall destroy chemical weapons, except that the following processes may not be used: dumping in any body of water, land burial or open-pit burning. It shall destroy chemical weapons only at specifically designated and appropriately designed and equipped facilities. ... Each ... /nation/ shall ensure that its chemical weapons destruction facilities are constructed and operated in a manner to ensure the destruction of the chemical weapons; and that the destruction process can be verified under the provisions of this Convention.

WILL REACT WITH WATER OR STEAM TO PRODUCE HEAT AND TOXIC AND CORROSIVE FUMES.|Reacts exothermically with water, alcohol.|Water, combustible materials, carbon disulfide dimethylformamide, metals (except nickel & lead) [Note: Decomposes in water to hydrochloric & phosphoric acids].|Phosphoryl chloride & boron triiodide react vigorously.|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons; Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and Their Destruction. Available from http://www.opcw.org as of November 12, 2008. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an international treaty which bans the development, production, stockpiling, and transfer or use of chemical weapons. The Convention mandates the destruction and prohibition of chemical weapons and related facilities and provides for restrictions on international trade in toxic chemicals and precursors.|Phosphorus Oxychloride (CAS Reg. No. 10025-87-3), Interim Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for NAS/COT Subcommittee for AEGLs (Interim 2:10/2006). Technical Support Document for the AEGL Program. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/aegl/pubs/tsd312.pdf as of November 24, 2008.

Poisonous, corrosive, and irritating gases are generated when this material is heated or is in contact with water. It may ignite other combustible materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.). It reacts violently with water. When heated to decomposition, it emits toxic fumes of chlorides and oxides of phosphorus; it will react with water or steam to produce heat and toxic and corrosive fumes. Incompatible with carbon disulfide; N,N-dimethylformamide; 2,5-dimethylpyrrole; 2,6-dimethyl- pyridine N-oxide; dimethylsulfoxide; Ferrocene-1,1-dicarboxylic acid; water; and zinc. Do not store with combustible materials, particularly fibrous organic materials, or with electrical or other equipment that can be corroded. Reacts violently with moisture. (EPA, 1998)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.|Corrosives, Reactive - 2nd degree

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P314, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H290 (17.15%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals]|P234, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P310, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P390, P403+P233, P404, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 520 companies from 20 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H300: Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P284, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P330, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1810 datasheet. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 137 [Substances - Water-Reactive - Corrosive]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors; do not put water directly on leak, spill area or inside container. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|CHEM SAFETY GOGGLES; FACE-SHIELD; SELF-CONTAINED OR AIR-LINE RESPIRATOR; HARD HAT; FOOT PROTECTION; RUBBER GLOVES & CLOTHING.|USUAL PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN WHEN HANDLING THE PRODUCT. IT MUST BE NOTED THAT LEATHER, WHICH ULTIMATELY DISINTEGRATES IN CONTACT WITH PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE, IS UNSUITABLE AS PROTECTIVE MATERIAL. ON THE OTHER HAND RUBBER IS RECOMMENDED FOR THIS PURPOSE.|Wear special protective clothing & positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus.|Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

PRODUCTS OF ITS REACTION WITH WATER RAPIDLY CORRODE STEEL & MOST METALS WITH FORMATION OF FLAMMABLE HYDROGEN GAS.

SMALL QUANTITIES OF PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE WERE EMPTIED INTO SCRAP NICKEL DRUM CONTAINING ABOUT 28 LB OF WATER. AFTER DELAY OF 15-30 MIN, THE DRUM EXPLODED.|AN EXPLOSION OCCURRED IMMEDIATELY AFTER POURING & CAPPING OF CHLORIDE RECOVERED FROM PREPN OF FERROCENE-1,1'-DICARBONYL CHLORIDE. THE STORAGE BOTTLE CONTAINED PHOSPHORYL CHLORIDE RECOVERED FROM SIMILAR PREPN & WHICH HAS BEEN STORED FOR ABOUT 3 MO.|POOR STIRRING DURING FORMYLATION OF 2,5-DIMETHYLPYRROLE WITH THE PREFORMED COMPLEX OF DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE WITH PHOSPHORYL CHLORIDE CAUSED ERUPTION OF FLASK CONTENTS. REACTION OF COMPLEX WITH LOCAL EXCESS OF PYRROLE MAY HAVE BEEN INVOLVED.

Use appropriate extinguishing agents on nearby combustible fires. Use water spray to knock down acid vapors.|This chemical reacts violently with moisture producing hydrochloric and phosphoric acids. Poisonous gases including chlorides and phosphorus oxides are produced in fire. Do not use water unless used in flooding quantities to control a large fire by wetting down combustibles burning in vicinity of this material. Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or dry sand; do not use water on material itself. Use water spray to absorb vapors and cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from a s far a distance as possible. Avoid breathing vapors; keep upwind. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Avoid bodily contact wit the material. Wear boots, protective gloves, and goggles. Do not handle broken packages without protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the material is anticipated, wear full protective clothing. Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. ...From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

Not combustible, but if involved in a fire may react to produce hydrogen chloride & phosphoric acid.|Fumes from fires are irritating to respiratory passages, eyes, skin, & may contain phosphine, phosphoric acid, hydrogen chloride.

Releases may require isolation or evacuation. Use water spray to cool & disperse vapors & protect personnel.|Keep material out of water sources and sewers; build dikes to contain flow as necessary; use water spray to knock down vapors; do not use water on material itself; and neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. For a land spell, dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material; dike surface flow using soil. sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete; absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder; neutralize with agricultural lime (slaked lime), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate. For a water spill, neutralize with agricultural lime (slaked lime), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate; use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates; adjust pH to neutral (pH 7). For air spills apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors; vapor knock down water is corrosive or toxic and should be diked for containment. Stop leak if you can do so without risk. Do not touch spilled material. Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Clean up only under supervision of an expert. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters water ways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY.|Table of Water-Reactive Materials Which Produce Toxic Gases|/GUIDE 137: SUBSTANCES - WATER-REACTIVE - CORROSIVE/ Health: CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Irritating to eyes, skin, and respiratory system|Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin, respiratory system.|Exposure to the vapor of phosphorus oxychloride may cause irritation of the eyes, dizziness, headache, weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, cough, dyspnea, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pulmonary edema and nephritis. Both chronic and acute cases of occupational intoxication have been recorded.|Corrosive to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Eye contact can cause permanent damage. Inhalation of the vapors can cause pulmonary edema, a medical emergency that can be delayed for several hours. This can cause death. This material is toxic by inhalation and ingestion and is strongly irritating to skin and tissues. It causes burns of the mucous membranes of the mouth and digestive tract, and may be fatal. Symptoms include burns and extensive reddening of eyes, pains in throat, coughing, labored breathing with a shortness of breath, dizziness, headache, weakness, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, kidney, and liver damage.|Acute intoxication causes photophobia, lacrimation, burning in the eyes and throat, dyspnea, try cough, rhinitis, loss of voice, difficult swallowing, constriction in the chest, reddening of conjunctivae and mucous mebranes of the throat, tracheitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, raised temperature. increased sensitivity of the bronchi may last for a long time.

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 0.1 ppm (0.6 mg/cu m) is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.1 ppm (0.6 mg/cu m).|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 0.5 ppm (3 mg/cu m).

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable dry containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Dry. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema. Exposure at high levels could cause death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

NO contact with water.

AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 4 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can be lethal.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 2 - Materials that readily undergo violent chemical changes at elevated temperatures and pressures.|W - No water: Materials that react violently or explosively with water.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).|Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Phosphorus oxychloride is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

highly toxic

Phosphorus oxychloride. No toxicokinetic studies were located. Phosphorus oxychloride is acutely very toxic when inhaled by rats and guinea pigs, causing extensive irritation of the respiratory tract. It is also acutely toxic to rats via the oral route. The substance is corrosive to rabbit skin and causes severe eye damage. Little reliable information is available on the effects of repeated inhalation in animals. Irritation of the respiratory tract would be expected and has been claimed in one poorly reported rat study, although no reliance can be placed on these data, particularly as it is not clear if continuous or repeated exposure was used. No reliable genotoxicity or animal reproductive toxicity data are available. No animal carcinogenicity study was located. Single exposure of humans to airborne material has been reported to cause conjunctivitis, pharyngitis and respiratory tract irritation, including pulmonary edema. No reliable threshold concentration for these effects is available. Similar effects were seen following repeated exposure including asthmatic bronchitis and, in severe cases, emphysema. Exposure levels were 10-20 mg/cu m, rising to 70 mg/cu m, and sometimes to higher levels. Workers who suffered respiratory effects were reported to show increased respiratory tract sensitivity to phosphorus oxychloride and to other irritant substances, particularly phosphorus bichloride and pentachloride. No human data are available on the genotoxic or carcinogenic potential of phosphorus oxychloride or on its potential to cause reproductive toxicity.

LC50 Rat /inhalation/ 48 ppm/4 hr|LC50 Guinea pig /inhalation/ 52 ppm/4 hr|LD50 Rabbit dermal >250 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 380 mg/kg

Phosphorus oxychloride's production and use to manufacture alkyl and aryl orthophosphate triesters(1), manufacture of insecticides, dye intermediates, pharmaceuticals, synthesis of various nerve agents(2), solvent in cryoscopy(3), manufacture of gasoline additives and hydraulic fluid, chlorinating agent and catalyst, dopant for semiconductor grade silicon, tricresyl phosphate, and fire retarding agent(4) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Hydrolysis is expected to be the most important fate process for phosphorus oxychloride in the environment(1). Phosphorus oxychloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 40 mm Hg(1).|AQUATIC FATE: Phosphorus oxychloride hydrolyzes rapidly in water at room temperature(1).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), phosphorus oxychloride, which has a vapor pressure of 40 mm Hg at 27.3 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase phosphorus oxychloride is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is reported to be >290 days, calculated from its rate constant of <4X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg(3). Phosphorus oxychloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of phosphorus oxychloride with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been reported as <4X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of >290 days(1). Phosphorus oxychloride hydrolyzes rapidly in water at room temperature(2). Phosphorus oxychloride does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Phosphorus oxychloride hydrolyzes rapidly in water at room temperature(1), and therefore is not expected to bioconcentrate in organisms(SRC).

Phosphorus oxychloride hydrolyzes rapidly in water at room temperature(1), and therefore will not adsorb to soils and sediments(SRC).

Phosphorus oxychloride hydrolyzes rapidly in water at room temperature(1), and therefore will not volatilize from water or moist soil surfaces(SRC). Phosphorus oxychloride is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 40 mm Hg(1).

NIOSH has statistically estimated that 12,587 workers (2,945 of these were female) were potentially exposed to phosphorus oxychloride in the US(1). Occupational exposure to phosphorus oxychloride may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where phosphorus oxychloride is produced or used(SRC).|The maximum admissible concentration of phosphoryl trichloride in the workplace air (MAK) is 1.3 mg/cu m (0.2 ppm) in Germany. Workplace air measurements of phosphoryl trichloride were performed in the Bayer Chemicals processing plant. /Eighteen/ total shift measurements and one short time measurement were done in the relevant areas between 1992 and 1996. Three values of these (0.03 - 0.1 mg/cu m) were above the detection limit (0.02 - 0.1 mg/cu m depending on sampling conditions).

At low concentrations the free acids resulting from the hydrolysis of phosphoryl trichloride will be neutralised quickly by body fluids. The resulting phosphate and chloride ions are natural components of food and ubiquitously found in living tissues and are not expected to pose a hazard. At high concentrations, which exceed the buffer capacity of body fluids the acids will damage the tissue at the portal of entry dependent upon concentration and duration of exposure. A systemic availability of phosphoryl trichloride or the free acids is hence not expected.

Health Hazards : This poison is toxic by inhalation and ingestion and is strongly irritating to skin and tissues. It causes burns of the mucous membranes of the mouth and digestive tractand may be fatal. (EPA, 1998)

Warning: Phosphorus oxychloride is a corrosive agent. Contact with eyes may result in severe damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, and blood vessels. Caution is advised. Signs and Symptoms of Phosphorus Oxychloride Exposure: Acute exposure to phosphorus oxychloride may result in irritation and burning of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Light- headedness, drowsiness, slurred speech, pupillary dilation, increased salivation, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), abdominal pain, and spontaneous vomiting may occur. Stridor (high-pitched, noisy respirations), dyspnea (shortness of breath), and pulmonary edema are also common. Apathy and mental confusion may develop, with progression to coma and death. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to phosphorus oxychloride may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to phosphorus oxychloride. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Transport to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to phosphorus oxychloride. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 30 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Transport to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize! 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Activated charcoal is of no value. 5. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. 6. Transport to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

CAUTION: PERSONS DOING TREATMENT SHOULD PROTECT THEMSELVES AGAINST EXPOSURE. INHALATION: REMOVE VICTIM FROM CONTAMINATED AREA AT ONCE; IF BREATHING HAS STOPPED, START ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; CALL DOCTOR.|/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's(LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes, skin, respiratory system; eye, skin burns; dyspnea, cough, lung edema; dizziness, headache, weakness; abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting; nephritis.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute poisoning is characterized by burns and extensive reddening of eyes, pains in throat and bronchi, and cough. Those constantly or frequently exposed to very small doses ... suffer from chronic poisoning which manifests itself in form of pulmonary irritation, cough, and when ingested, asthmatical respiration. /it/ ... causes actual burns of mucous membranes of mouth and the digestive tract.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Burns of ... cornea ... have been noted in 2 cases to be slow in healing ... .|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Exposure to the vapor of phosphorus oxychloride may cause irritation of the eyes, dizziness, headache, weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, cough, dyspnea, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pulmonary edema and nephritis. Both chronic and acute cases of occupational intoxication have been recorded.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

phosphorus oxychloride

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; eye, skin burns; dyspnea (breathing difficulty), cough, pulmonary edema; dizziness, headache, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting; nephritis

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation. Dizziness. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Headache. Unconsciousness. Vomiting. Weakness. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

Pain. Redness. Blisters. Skin burns.

Pain. Redness. Severe deep burns. Loss of vision.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, kidneys

52% AS A CHEM INT FOR TRICRESYL, CRESYL DIPHENYL, AND TRIPHENYL PHOSPHATES (GASOLINE ADDITIVES AND PLASTICIZERS); 20% AS A CHEM INT FOR OTHER CYCLIC PHOSPHATE ESTERS; 15% AS A CHEM INT FOR ACYCLIC PHOSPHATE ESTERS; 13% FOR MISC USES (1972).|DERIVATIVE: AROMATIC PHOSPHATE ESTERS, 60%; ALIPHATIC PHOSPHATE ESTERS, 30%; MISC & PESTICIDES 10% (1984 ESTIMATE).|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Phosphorus Oxychloride. Phosphate esters (flame retardants and plasticizers for plastics and urethanes, 55%; functional fluids, 30%; other esters, 15%) 80%; others, including pesticides and lube oil additives, 20%.|CHEMICAL PROFILE: Phosphorus Oxychloride. Demand: 1987: 31,300 tons; 1988: 32,000 tons; 1992: 34,000 tons /projected/ (Foreign trade is negligible).|For more Consumption Patterns (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

GRADES: TECHNICAL; 99.999+%.

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Phosphoric trichloride: ACTIVE|/The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an international treaty which bans the development, production, stockpiling, and transfer or use of chemical weapons. The Convention mandates the destruction and prohibition of chemical weapons and related facilities and provides for restrictions on international trade in toxic chemicals and precursors./ The Convention's monitoring and verification measures involve submission of declarations regarding ... /Schedule 1, 2, and 3 chemicals/ and inspections by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons of the facilities where these chemicals are produced. ... Schedule 3 chemicals ... /may/ have been stockpiled or used as weapons, but ... are produced /and used/ in large quantities for purposes not prohibited by the Convention (2). Phosphorus oxychloride is listed in the CWC Annex on Chemicals under Schedule 3 (1).

Method 424D. Vanadomolybdophosphoric acid Method. This method is used for determination of orthophosphates in natural waters and wastewaters. In dilute orthophosphate solution, ammonium molybdate reacts to form a heteropoly acid, molybdophosphoric acid. In the presence of vanadium, yellow vanadomolybdophosphoric acid is formed. The intensity of the yellow color is proportional to phosphate concentration. This method is useful for analysis in the range of 1 to 20 mg/l. Minimum detectable concentration is 200 ug/l in 1-cm spectrophotometer cells. /Orthophosphates/|Method 424F. Ascorbic Acid Method. This method is used for determination of orthophosphates in the concentration range of 0.01 to 6 ug/l. Ammonium molybdate and potassium antimonyl tartrate react in acid medium with orthophosphate to form phosphomolybdic acid that is reduced to intensely colored molybdenum blue by ascorbic acid. Arsenates and hexavalent chromium are interferents. The minimum detectable concentration is 10 ug/l. /Orthophosphates/|Method 424E. Stannous Chloride Method. This method is used for determination of orthophosphates in the range of 0.01 to 6 ug/l. Molybdophosphoric acid is formed and reduced by stannous chloride to intensely colored molybdenum blue. The minimum detectable concentration is 3 ug/l. The sensitivity at 0.3010 absorbance is 10 ug/l for an absorbance of 0.009. /Orthophosphates/|Phosphorus was determined by a continuous flow method using fluorescence quenching of Rhodamine 6G with molybdophosphate. /Phosphorus/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for PHOSPHORUS OXYCHLORIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Fire Hazards -> Corrosives, Reactive - 2nd degree